Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) as an useful biomarker in preventive screening programme of canine prostate: CPSE threshold value assessment and its correlation with ultrasonographic prostatic abnormalities in asymptomatic dogs

Due to the increased attention that pet‐owners devote to their animals and to the improved veterinary care, investigations regarding methods to early detect prostatic disorders that might affect canine life quality have been performed. Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) concentration was reported to be higher in dogs suffering from prostatic diseases. This study aimed to estimate the CPSE threshold as a biomarker to early identify prostatic diseases in asymptomatic dogs. The ultrasonographic examination of the prostate was performed in 19 dogs (6–40 kg; 1–5 years) with no symptoms of prostatic diseases. Dogs were grouped according to the presence (Group A) or absence (Group B) of prostatic disorders at the ultrasound (altered appearance, the presence of cysts or irregular borders). For each dog, a venous blood sample was collected to measure serum CPSE and the ratio between calculated and normal expected prostatic volume was assessed for each dog. The CPSE data were statistically analysed (t test, p < .05), and the CPSE threshold in blood serum between groups was calculated by ROC. In 11 dogs, ultrasonography showed signs of prostatic abnormalities (Group A, 2–5 years), while no signs were detected in eight dogs (Group B, 1–3 years). The calculated/estimated volume ratio resulted greater than 1.5 in Group A dogs. The CPSE was statistically different between groups (p < .0001): higher in Group A (mean = 184.9, SD = 126 ng/ml) than in Group B (38.9 ± 22.1 ng/ml). The cut‐off CPSE threshold was 52.3 ng/ml (ROC, AUC = 0.974, SE 95.6%, SP 89.2%). This study suggests that CPSE serum concentration higher than 50 ng/ml in asymptomatic dogs is associated with ultrasonographic alterations and increased the prostatic size (volume by 1.5 times greater than the normal size). As the onset of prostatic disorders often remains asymptomatic, the rapid assessment of CPSE could be suitable for selecting preventively those animals that would require further accurate evaluation.     

Evaluation of Serum and Seminal Plasma Markers in the Diagnosis of Canine Prostatic Disorders

Serum and seminal plasma concentrations or activities of acid phosphatase (AP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) were measured in normal dogs, dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), dogs with bacterial prostatitis, and dogs with prostatic carcinoma to determine if these assays would be of value in differentiating dogs with prostatic carcinoma from normal dogs, and dogs with other prostatic disorders. In addition, tissue sections of prostatic adenocarcinomas were stained with antiprostatic AP, anti-CPSE, and anti-PSA antibodies to determine if these would be suitable immunohistochemical markers of prostatic carcinoma. Prostate-specific antigen was not detected in canine serum or seminal plasma. Serum and seminal AP activities did not differ significantly between normal dogs and those with prostatic diseases, or among dogs with different prostatic disorders. Serum CPSE activities were significantly higher in dogs with BPH than in normal dogs. Mean serum CPSE activities in dogs with BPH, bacterial prostatitis, and prostatic carcinoma were not significantly different from each other. Slight to moderate immunohistochemical staining of canine prostatic adenocarcinomas was noted for prostatic AP and PSA; most tumors did not stain for CPSE. These results show that proteins of prostatic origin appear in the serum of dogs as a result of prostatic pathology, especially BPH. Canine prostatic adenocarcinoma does not appear to be associated with significant increases in CPSE or AP activities, possibly because of down-regulation of these enzymes by prostatic carcinoma cells. It is also possible that failure to detect significant differences resulted from limited statistical power for some groups and pairwise analyses because of the small number of dogs evaluated.     

实时超声扫描对母犬早期怀孕诊断的研究

应用电子扫描装置阿洛佳 (ALOKA) 2 10F对 76只母犬进行早期怀孕诊断研究 ,其探测结果 :最早出现胚囊、胚胎、胎心博动、胎动的时间分别为配种后 8～ 11d、2 1d、2 7d和 2 9d。 30d时可辨胎儿四肢和脊柱。并能准确地观察母犬子宫积脓病例     

冕宁县犬细小病毒病初报

冕宁县今年出现犬呕吐、排黄色生蕃茄红色粪便，特别腥臭，病犬多在1－7日内死亡。白细胞和血清总蛋白减少，取回肠切片检查发现上皮细胞内有嗜酸性核内包涵体，初步诊断为犬细小病毒病。预防采取清洁、消毒、疫苗接种等综合措施。治疗采用高免血清和对症疗法相结合、治愈率可达50％－92．7％。     

犬和猫急性胰腺炎的病因及机制研究进展

胰腺周围脂肪组织和腺泡坏死被认为是急性胰腺炎(Acute pancreatitis,AP)的主要病理特征。胰腺炎轻者不累及其他器官,无并发症,为自限性疾病;重者胰腺出血、坏死、多器官功能衰竭,出现并发症,危及生命。近年来,胰腺炎在犬和猫中发病率非常高,而且病程一般是由急性期转至慢性期,由轻微转至严重。对其发病原因及其发病机制知之甚少,国内外兽医相关文献鲜有报道。论文参考大量研究文献并结合临床经验,综述该病的发病原因和发病机制,以期为临床预防和治疗提供思路。     

花粉治疗前列腺增生的研究进展

对花粉治疗前列腺的实验室研究和临床应用进行了综述,初步探讨了其作用机理,并指出花粉制剂在治疗前列腺增生方面的研究进展。     

德国牧羊犬早孕的B/M型超声诊断

选取30只怀孕德国牧羊犬,在交配后20～40d用B/M超声进行早孕诊断。结果表明,75%的犬于第20天探测到孕囊,第24天可见胎心搏动,第27天怀孕诊断准确率为100%,第30天预测胎儿个数最准确,M型超声心动图可准确判断胎儿存活状态。     

玉树地区流浪犬传染性肝炎血清学调查

采用血凝/血凝抑制试验对青海玉树地区的30份流浪犬血清样品进行了犬传染性肝炎病毒抗体检测,结果检出阳性犬2只,阳性率为6.67%。表明玉树地区流浪犬存在传染性肝炎病毒的感染,应引起相关部门的重视,加大该地区犬传染性肝炎防控力度,控制该病的发生和流行。     

宠物犬弓形虫病诊疗措施

弓形虫病属于一种分布范围非常广泛的人畜共患原虫病,幼犬、猫的发病率比较高。弓形虫宿主非常广泛,目前国内对弓形虫病的研究以家禽为主要研究对象,针对宠物犬弓形虫病诊疗及流行病学进行探讨对人类健康也有积极意义。     

小型观赏犬产后痉挛的诊断与治疗

根据临床病例治疗经验,论文对小型观赏犬产后痉挛的病因、临床症状、诊断和治疗进行了阐述,为该病在兽医临床中的诊疗提供参考依据.     

犬猫肠道疾病的实验室诊断方法

犬猫的慢性肠道疾病是一类常见的临床疾病,其主要表现特异性较小,能引起发病的原因较多,临床诊断难度较大。论文主要综述了血清胰蛋白酶样免疫反应、血清叶酸和维生素B12浓度检测,肠道膜通透性检测,肠道蛋白质丢失的评估等实验室诊断方法,为犬猫肠道疾病的诊断提供参考。     

犬脱毛综合征症状鉴别诊断

临床中常有犬脱毛的现象，引起脱毛症的疾病很多，常发的有遗传病、寄生虫病、真菌性皮肤病、内分泌疾病和营养代谢病，作者综述了各类疾病的临床症状特征，提供了犬脱毛症鉴别诊断的思路和方法，为该病的治疗提供了理论和实践依据。     

犬瘟热病毒自然感染宠物犬不同部位检出率的分析

本试验利用RT-PCR检测方法对犬瘟热病毒(CDV)自然感染宠物犬的不同部位样品进行检测,确定CDV在感染犬组织中的分布情况。对14只CDV阳性犬的血液、眼分泌物、鼻液、唾液、粪便和尿液进行检测,RT-PCR方法检出的阳性率分别为92.9%、85.7%、100%、85.7%、100%和66.7%,结果显示粪便和鼻液样品的检出率最高,检出率达100%,宜于作为检测对象取材。     

28例犬、猫角膜疾病的诊疗

临床选取确诊为角膜疾病但眼压正常的犬、猫共28例,运用雾化熏蒸给药法,结合中医疗法的优势,根据病症分型,辨证施治。结果治疗犬、猫角膜疾病总有效率达85%,此结合疗法可为眼压异常的犬、猫角膜疾病治疗提供一定治疗模式。     

犬常见肿瘤流行病学调查及组织病理学诊断

为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律,试验收集哈尔滨地区2016-2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例,采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断,并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示,71例确诊肿瘤病例中,恶性肿瘤28例,包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例,基底细胞癌5例,乳腺癌14例,淋巴瘤2例,肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例;良性肿瘤43例,包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例,纤维瘤10例,平滑肌瘤5例,乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例,造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中,乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位,分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%;患病犬年龄1~16岁不等,平均发病年龄为9.1岁,7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期,中老年犬仍为主要发病群体,但低龄犬发病数量上升;各品种犬均可发生肿瘤,其中杂种犬发病率最高,其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬,且主要为乳腺肿瘤;饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主,分别占患犬总数的39%和30%;部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关,如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据,对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。     

Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome in Dogs

Hypercortisolism is a common condition in dogs and can be defined as the physical and biochemical changes that result from prolonged exposure to inappropriately high plasma concentrations of (free) cortisol, whatever its' cause. This disorder is often called Cushing's syndrome, after Harvey Cushing, the neurosurgeon who first described the human syndrome in 1932.     

幼犬佝偻病的诊断与防治

幼犬佝偻病是指由于维生素D缺乏及钙磷代谢障碍所致的骨营养不良.本病多发于1月龄～3月龄幼犬,临床上主要以生长发育迟缓、消化紊乱、骨骼发育异常等为特征.论文结合临床,就该病的诊断方法和防治措施进行总结与讨论.