预应力混凝土连续梁桥悬臂施工控制方法的探讨

从施工质量控制的角度,阐述了连续梁桥施工控制的目的、施工控制的内容、施工控制结构分析方法、施工控制监测方法,并提出了施工控制的方法。     

TBM在水工洞室开挖中的应用

TBM法施工作为近几年在超长隧洞施工中的先进技术得以飞速发展,文章简述了TBM施工技术的进展以及其在施工中的优势,并在施工中有效地印证了该施工方法的优越性。     

宁德市园林种植工程施工管理探讨

指出了做好园林种植工程的施工管理工作是决定整个园林工程整体质量的关键性因素,从施工管理于园林工程质量的重要性出发,分析了宁德市园林工程施工管理工作的现状,再从施工管理的具体内容着手,提出了改善施工管理的措施,探讨了宁德市园林种植工程的施工管理工作。     

浅谈斜拉桥施工

斜拉桥的施工包括索塔施工、主梁施工和拉索施工,文章对其施工方法进行了详细的阐述。     

CFG桩在公路软土地基施工中的质量控制

对CFG桩在公路软土地基施工中的施工原理及应用施工流程进行了分析,提出了施工过程的质量控制措施。     

土工格栅施工工艺分析

作者结合施工经验,对施工过程中土工格栅施工工艺的施工控制措施进行了详细的阐述,并提出了施工步骤中的控制要点。     

论钻孔灌注桩施工缺陷及处理措施

钻孔桩基础施工简便,在公路桥梁基础工程中得了广泛应用,但施工中易出现质量缺陷。本文对桥梁工程施工中出现的钻孔桩施工缺陷进行了分析,并结合施工实际介绍了一些钻孔桩质量缺陷的处理方法。     

翻模施工法在公路薄壁空心墩施工中的应用

指出了在公路工程在施工过程中,经常涉及到薄壁空心墩施工。以某薄壁空心墩施工为例,针对施工方法、技术的确定、翻模模板的设计、翻模法施工方法、钢筋混凝土施工以及模板翻升等施工环节详尽地阐述了薄壁空心墩翻模法施工技术,同时分析了施工过程中需要控制的主要问题,为翻模施工提供技术参考。     

井底煤仓反井钻机施工技术

介绍了正旺煤业有限责任公司主斜井井底煤仓采用反井钻机导扩孔施工方法,实现了井底煤仓施工机械化,减轻了工人劳动强度,提高了施工速度,保证了煤仓安全施工,并取得了较好的效果。     

关于公路路基施工技术的研究

公路路基施工是公路施工质量保障的基础,也是公路的主体,因此路基施工的重要性在整个施工过程中应受到施工单位的高度重视。其中保证施工质量,认真监管路基施工是施工环节中应重点考虑的问题。本文主要从施工放样、路基施工和施工程序三个方面,结合多年来的经验对其进行了较详细的阐述。     

白蜡虫在寄主植物上的分布特征研究

白蜡虫在寄主上的分布与方向和寄主枝条的位置有关，不同虫基分布特征不同，在定叶期，白蜡早咎群方位上差异不太大，但雌雄虫在方位分布上有明显差异。种群数量分布依次为东（２８．０５％），南（２６．５５％），西（２５．０６％），北（２０．３４％），雌虫依次为东（３２．１６％），南９２７．３６％），北（２０．３４％），西（１８．６５％）；雄虫依次为西（３０．７６％），南（２５．８４％），东（２４．２９％），北     

保松灵防治松墨天牛的林间试验

松材线虫病 [Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle]严重威胁我国的森林资源。浙江等地每年因该病造成大量松树枯死 ,防治松材线虫病刻不容缓。当前 ,我国防治该病主要措施是清理枯死松树 ,降低媒介昆虫松墨天牛 (Monochamus alternatus Hope)密度 ,减缓病害扩散蔓延。但在风景名胜区的松林和古树名木等 ,一旦发生该病 ,仅清理死树是不够的 ,必须采取保护性措施 ,防止因病害导致大量宝贵松树枯死。在日本 ,长期以来主要措施是在松树树冠进行空中或地面喷洒杀螟松、倍硫磷、西维因等农药 ,杀灭松墨天牛成虫 ,从而防治松…     

Seasonal biochemical changes in coniferous forest canopies and their response to fertilization

Seasonal changes in concentrations of total nitrogen, free amino acids, chlorophyll, starch and sugar were measured in foliage from fertilized and unfertilized conifer forests in New Mexico and Oregon. In the New Mexico Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var glauca (Beissn.) Franco) forest, fertilization resulted in elevated foliar nitrogen concentrations on all dates, from an average of 9 mg g(-1) in unfertilized trees to 14 mg g(-1) in fertilized trees. In the Oregon western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forest, fertilization increased total N by only 15%, from 13 mg g(-1) in unfertilized trees to 15 mg g(-1) in fertilized trees. Foliar nitrogen concentrations on a weight basis were lowest in winter and spring, but did not vary seasonally when expressed on a leaf area basis. Chlorophyll concentrations increased with fertilization and had greater seasonal variation than did total nitrogen concentrations. Chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher during the growing season than in the winter and spring months. Fertilization did not result in major changes in the proportion of total nitrogen in chlorophyll at either the Oregon or the New Mexico site. Concentrations of free amino acids varied with date and fertilization treatment; in New Mexico, amino acids were highest in the winter sample, whereas in Oregon, they were lowest in winter and spring. At both sites, amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in fertilized trees than in control trees on most dates and the ratios of amino acid-N to total N were also significantly higher in fertilized trees. For both sites, starch concentrations were nearly zero for most of the year, but increased sharply just before bud break and initiation of new growth in the spring. Although fertilization resulted in increased nitrogen concentrations in foliage at both sites, the response in New Mexico was much greater than in Oregon. These results are in agreement with forest productivity data that suggest that growth in the New Mexico site is limited by nitrogen, whereas in the Oregon site it is not.     

Effects of nutrition spatial heterogeneity on root traits and carbon usage by roots of Cercis chinensis seedlings in split root rooms

In natural ecosystems, nutrition available for plants shows great spatial heterogeneity. Much is known about plant root responses to the spatial heterogeneity of nutrition, but little is known about carbon usage in roots in nutrition-deficient patches and its effect on root longevity. In this study, split-room boxes were used for culture of Cercis chinensis seedlings, and the small rooms were supplied with different nutrition levels. The number of the first-order roots in the rooms with nutrition supply was significantly higher than that in the rooms with deficient nutrition. Specific root length (SRL) of the first-order roots in the rooms with deficient nutrition reached its peak at day 64 after nutrition treatment. There was no significant SRL differences between the two order roots during the experiment. Biomass of the first-order roots in the rooms without nutrition supply was significantly less than that of the first-order roots in the rooms with nutrition supply from day 64 to 96. The total biomass of the lateral roots in the rooms without nu-trition supply decreased from day 64 to 96. The activities of the enzymes in roots in the rooms without nutrition supply increased and the activities of alkaline invertases in roots in the two sides of split box did not change significantly. The activities of the enzymes in roots in the rooms without nutrition supply increased gradually. These results suggest that nutrition spatial heterogeneity induced the changes in root traits and plants actively controlled carbon usage in roots in nutrition-deficient patches by regulating the activities of invertases and sucrose synthases, resulting in the reduction in carbon usage in the roots in nutrition-deficient patches.     

Vertebrate predation on Holm Oak,Quercus ilex,acorns in a fragmented habitat: effects on seedling recruitment

Rodent and avian consumption of Holm Oak, Quercus ilex, acorns were examined in central Spain during two high-production seasons, 1990–1991 and 1993–1994, in 1 and 3 large stands and in 6 and 10 small stands (0.2–12 ha) respectively, to study the effects of vertebrate predation on seedling recruitment. Previous data indicate that wood mouse abundance is much higher in small stands. Tree size, frequency of acorn-bearing oaks and acorn abundance were similar in the two sizes of forest stands. Overall acorn consumption was 33.7 times higher in the small stands compared to that in the large stands in 1991, and 3.1 times larger in 1994. Consumption of acorns by mice in the small stands was 49 and 95 times greater than that by birds in the first and second year, respectively. Seedling recruitment was significantly higher in the large stands in both study seasons. Regeneration by ramets was roughly similar in small and large stands in both seasons. Thus, predation by mice was apparently responsible for the failure of sexual reproduction in the small stands. The results suggest that vegetative regeneration might be the prevalent reproductive method of Holm Oaks in small forest tracts.     

Cambial Anatomy and Annual Rhythm of Secondary Xylem Development in the Twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Growing in Different Forests of Gujarat State

Abstract

Seasonal behavior of vascular cambium and development of secondary xylem were studied in the 2-3-years-old branches of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) growing in moist deciduous (MDF), dry deciduous (DDF) and scrub land (SF) forests of Gujarat State. Development of xylem began with the sprouting of new leaves in January in both MDF and DDF. Xylem production culminated in July in MDF whereas it reached peak in April and July in DDF. Cambial cells ceased to divide with the maturation of leaves in November and October in MDF and DDF, respectively. Mature xylem and phloem derivatives surrounded the cambium in December in MDF and November in DDF. Radial growth in the branches of trees growing in SF was found continuous throughout the year with peak cambial activity in April, July and November. In all the three forests, maximal radial growth was encountered in July when the rains were heavy. Cambial activity and xylem development showed significant correlation with the phenology of the trees in MDF and DDF whereas cambium was found active throughout the year and no correlation was found between the cambial activity and phenology in SF.     

Comparative study of the stoichiometric characteristics of karst and non-karst forests in Guizhou,China

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) levels and their stoichiometry in plant components (leaves, branch trunks, roots) of trees in a karst forest and non-karst forest are compared. The results show that the C contents, C:N and C:P ratios of dominant species in the karst forest were lower than those in the non-karst forest, but the N and P and the N:P ratio were higher;C:N:P ratios in plant organs of trees in the karst forest were in the order of trunks>roots>branches>leaves. However, C:N:P ratio in the non-karst forest trees were trunks>branches>roots>leaves. Moreover, ratio of C:N:P in trunks was highest and lowest in leaves in both forests. In non-karst forest trees, N:P was in the order of leaves> roots>branches>trunks. There were no significant differences in the ratio of N:P in different plant components of trees in the karst forest. However, in karst and non-karst forest trees, the ratio of N:P in leaves was highest;positive correlations between N and P contents, and N and N:P ratios were observed in both karst and non-karst forests (p<0.001). Negative correlations between P and N:P ratios (p<0.05) were observed in karst forest trees, while positive correlations were observed in non-karst forest trees.     

圭龙山自然保护区野生植物资源的多样性及园林应用评价

圭龙山自然保护区野生维管束植物约1600种,其中可供园林应用的有近500种,圭龙山自然保护区野生植物资源具有种类繁多、区系成份复杂、珍稀濒危特有植物丰富等特点,且园林用途也非常广泛。根据植物在园林应用上的不同,可将圭龙山自然保护区野生植物划分为10类。     

森林病害防治理论和技术进展

本文论述了50年代以来森林病害由单一树种、单一病害的简单防治, 到目前正在探讨中的森保系统工程的有关防治概念的发展。在防治技术上, 着重讨论了化学防治、生物防治和抗病育种在森林病害防治中的应用及前景。     

余姚地区松幽天牛发生情况及其在枯死马尾松根部分布规律的初步研究

调查了松幽天牛(Asemum amurense)在余姚地区的发生情况及其幼虫在枯死松树根内的分布规律。结果表明,松幽天牛在余姚地区1年发生1代,以幼虫在松树根内越冬。4月中旬开始化蛹,5月中旬成虫开始羽化,6月上旬成虫开始产卵,7月下旬卵开始孵化。松幽天牛在余姚地区的平均危害率达42.9%,其发生与土壤理化性质密切相关。松幽天牛幼虫在主、侧根内的分布数量差异显著,主根内的幼虫数显著多于侧根内。还依据松幽天牛的生活学特性提出了松幽天牛的防治措施