Application and Research Advance of the Solidification Technology of Blomass

阐述了生物质固体成型燃料技术的国内外研究现状,对当前生物质成型燃料技术工艺、设备研究进展和生物质固化成型燃料应用状况进行了总结,并分析了我国生物质成型燃料应用的经济、社会和生态效益.     

生物质固体成型燃料技术研究进展及应用效益分析

阐述了生物质固体成型燃料技术的国内外研究现状,对当前生物质成型燃料技术工艺、设备研究进展和生物质固化成型燃料应用状况进行了总结,并分析了我国生物质成型燃料应用的经济、社会和生态效益。     

生物质固体成型燃料的发展现状与前景展望

由于生物质固体成型燃料具有能量密度和燃烧效率高、强度大、储运和使用方便、对环境友好等优点,因此备受各国青睐。我国对生物质固化成型技术的研究已有20多年的历史,但在原料固化成型过程当中仍有许多的问题有待解决,这严重制约着我国成型产业的快速发展。介绍了我国生物质成型燃料发展的长期目标,综述了生物质成型技术在国内外的研究现状,提出了生物质成型技术存在的主要问题,并简要分析了生物质成型燃料的发展前景。     

生物质能源的分类利用技术研究

综述了世界生物质能源分类利用技术现状,包括生物质固化利用技术、生物质液化利用技术、生物质气化利用技术,从生物质固化成型燃料、生物质液体燃料、生物质气化燃料几方面,分析了我国生物质能源开发利用现状,根据国内外现有政策提出了加快生物质能源发展的建议。     

生物质固化成型燃料的开发与应用

介绍了生物质能的概念和主要开发利用方式,阐述了开发生物质固化成型燃料的意义、存在的问题及解决的办法。     

浅析我国发展生物质固化成型燃料存在的问题及对策

生物质能作为一种可再生能源,具有取之不尽,用之不竭的特点。文章分析了我国发展生物质固化成型燃料存在的问题,并提出了发展对策。     

生物质致密成型技术研究

基于化石资源日益枯竭,燃烧化石燃料导致环境污染严重,而生物质资源储量大,生物质成型燃料具有低碳环保等特点,综述了生物质致密成型技术在生物质利用中的意义及其研究现状,介绍了我国在生物质成型燃料方面的产业政策和相关标准情况,研究了生物质致密成型技术中加热成型和常温成型的一些特点,并对成型技术的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

麦秸秆结渣特性实验与分析

生物质能的主要利用方向就是生物质成型燃料技术。秸秆是生物质成型燃料的最主要原料之一,但是目前在秸秆成型燃料燃烧的过程中存在的结渣现象严重影响了燃料与设备的燃烧效率,妨碍了生物质燃料的普及。文章以麦秆为实验材料进行散烧特性试验,以探索此种生物质燃料的结渣特性。     

生物质成型燃料开发现状及应用前景

在简要介绍生物质成型燃料国内外发展现状的基础上，论述了生物质成型燃料的成型原理、影响成型的主要因素，概述了成型燃料的燃烧特性，分析了成型燃料在我国的应用前景及存在的发展障碍。     

生物质固化成型燃料技术推广应用

<正>目前我国农作物秸秆能源化利用仍处在发展的初始阶段,不同技术的研发深度和产业化发展不平衡。秸秆固体成型燃料、秸秆压块饲料等技术正日渐成熟,处于推广应用的试点示范阶段。将农村废弃的秸秆充分利用起来,使其变废为宝,替代煤、电、油、气作为能源,或用作饲料、肥料,食用菌基料,有利于减少秸秆焚烧,节省燃煤消耗,改善环境质量,降低污染物排放。一、生物质固化成型燃料的物质特性生物质固化成型燃料的密度为700～1400千克/立方米;灰分:1%～20%;水分:≤15%;热值:     

Review of the direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for liquid fuels

Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleumbased fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass,including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.     

能源性微生物的研究进展

生物质能源是唯一可再生、可替代化石能源转化成液态和气态燃料以及其他化工原料或者产品的碳资源。发展生物质能源对于缓解能源危机、保护环境以及国家能源安全等方面有着重要意义。介绍了我国生物质能源技术的发展情况,探讨了利用微生物生产能源的应用现状和发展前景,提出了利用微生物发展生物质能源的措施。     

生物质成型燃料的热解燃烧特性试验研究

研究了棉杆成型块等生物质固体燃料在小型移动层上吸式热解燃烧炉中的热特性.结果表明,密度较大的棉杆成型块升温速率和降温速率均较低,挥发份的逸出时间增加,高温燃烧时间延长,炉子的热效率提高.棉杆成型块在炉胆中的充填量对可燃气体的稳定燃烧和高温火焰的持续时间影响显著.填满炉胆的棉杆成型块的燃烧性能优于棉杆,其燃烧热效率达39.3%,为棉杆的1.72倍.     

Catalytic conversion of biomass to monofunctional hydrocarbons and targeted liquid-fuel classes

It is imperative to develop more efficient processes for conversion of biomass to liquid fuels, such that the cost of these fuels would be competitive with the cost of fuels derived from petroleum. We report a catalytic approach for the conversion of carbohydrates to specific classes of hydrocarbons for use as liquid transportation fuels, based on the integration of several flow reactors operated in a cascade mode, where the effluent from the one reactor is simply fed to the next reactor. This approach can be tuned for production of branched hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds in gasoline, or longer-chain, less highly branched hydrocarbons in diesel and jet fuels. The liquid organic effluent from the first flow reactor contains monofunctional compounds, such as alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and heterocycles, that can also be used to provide reactive intermediates for fine chemicals and polymers markets.     

废弃生物质灰分含量与热值的差异性和相关性及其测定方法

为探究生物质能源化利用中灰分含量和热值的函数变化规律及测定方法,检索2001—2021年已发表的相关文献,获得380个不同类型的生物质样本的灰分含量和高位热值数据,并对测定方法进行分析。结果表明：1）不同热值测定标准对热值的测定结果的评价影响可以忽略不计,而根据固体矿物燃料标准测定的灰分含量结果会显著低于按照生物质燃料标准的测定结果;2）草本植物类生物质的灰分含量为7.96%～9.19%,高于木本植物的2.26%～3.37%,但其平均热值（17.45MJ/kg）却低于木本植物（19.61MJ/kg）;3）草本植物的高位热值与灰分含量呈负相关,相关系数（r）的绝对值为0.567～0.918,高于木本植物的0.136。高位热值与化学元素（碳、氢、氮、硫、氧）含量的决定系数（R2）为0.936 7～0.973 7,高于与灰分、挥发分和固定碳含量的决定系数0.812 0～0.971 4,前者函数的拟合效果更好;4）应用近红外光谱技术建立的生物质水分、灰分含量和热值模型的预测偏差较小,小于参考方法的重复性界限,因此该测定方法更便捷,在生物质产业中具有很大的应用潜力。     

Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt

Increasing energy use, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels make switching to low-carbon fuels a high priority. Biofuels are a potential low-carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop-based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a "biofuel carbon debt" by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions that these biofuels would provide by displacing fossil fuels. In contrast, biofuels made from waste biomass or from biomass grown on degraded and abandoned agricultural lands planted with perennials incur little or no carbon debt and can offer immediate and sustained GHG advantages.     

中国生物质能源发展现状及问题探讨

当前世界正面临着严重的化石能源危机,生物质能源发展已受到越来越多国家的关注。文章综述了生物燃气、生物液体燃料、微藻能源、固体成型燃料等生物质能源技术的主要进展,分析了我国生物质能源产业发展中出现的一些问题,并基于此提出了完善和修改生物质能源产品价格补贴、强制性生物质液体燃料收购、鼓励生物质液体燃料消费等激励政策,设立专项加快开发和应用具有自主知识产权的国产化技术,以及大力度发展非粮生物质能源和利用边际土地建立生物质能源基地等政策建议。     

生物质能源在普通密集烤房中的应用研究

[目的]探讨烟叶烘烤新能源对普通燃煤的替代效果,为生物质燃料的推广应用提供科学的理论依据。[方法]以云烟87、普通燃煤及烟秆压块生物质燃料为研究材料,设计4个处理组合,考察各处理烤后中部烟叶的外观质量、等级结构、主要化学成分、评吸质量、能耗成本的差异。[结果]各处理的烤后中部烟叶在外观质量上无显著差异,但T2处理的上中等烟率及均价最高,常规化学成分最为协调,评吸得分最高,能耗综合成本最低。[结论]综合分析可得,"三段式"烘烤模式中,于"定色"阶段推广使用生物质燃料替代普通燃煤,对降低普通燃煤的消耗,节约烘烤成本,有效改善烤后烟叶品质等有非常重要的意义,具有较强的推广应用前景。     

生物质转化技术与应用研究进展

论述了利用热化学转化和生物化学转化将生物质进行转化利用的技术,介绍了利用这些新技术在生物质发电、制取乙醇、甲醇、氢气、沼气等燃料方面的应用前景.     

Biofuels and food security

The major source of energy comes from fossil fuels.The current situation in the fi eld of fuel and energy is becoming more problematic as world population continues to grow because of the limitation of fossil fuels reserve and its pressure on environment.This review aims to fi nd economic,reliable,renewable and non-polluting energy sources to reduce high energy tariffs in Russian Federation.Biofuel is fuel derived directly from plants,or indirectly from agricultural,commercial,domestic,and/or industrial wastes.Other alternative energy sources including solar energy and electric power generation are also discussed.Over 100 Mt of biomass available for energy purposes is produced every year in Russian.One of the downsides of biomass energy is its potential threatens to food security and forage industries.An innovative approach proved that multicomponent fuel(80%diesel oil content for motor and 64%for in stove fuel)can remarkably reduce the costs.This paper proposed that the most promising energy model for future is based on direct solar energy conversion and transcontinental terawatt power transmission with the use of resonant wave-guide technology.