DDT: inhibition of sodium chloride tolerance by the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans

Anacystis nidulans, a freshwater blue-green alga, has been found to lerate sodium chloride (1 percent by weight) and DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis chlorophenyl) ethane] (800 parts per billion) separately, but growth was inhibited in the presence of both compounds. This inhibition was reversed by an increased calcium concentration. It is possible that inhibition of (Na+,K+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase) by DDT causes this species to lose the ability to lerate sodium chloride.     

The gene for familial polyposis coli maps to the long arm of chromosome 5

The inherited genetic defect in adenomatous polyposis has been localized to a small region on the long arm of chromosome 5. Sixteen DNA marker loci were used to construct a linkage map of the chromosome. When five kindreds segregating a gene for adenomatous polyposis coli were characterized with a number of the markers, significant linkage was found between one marker and the disease gene. Linkage analysis determined the location of the defective gene within a primary genetic map of chromosome 5.     

Pyramiding of Pi46 and Pita to improve blast resistance and to evaluate the resistance effect of the two R genes

Utilization of R(resistance) genes to develop resistant cultivars is an effective strategy to combat against rice blast disease. In this study, R genes Pi46 and Pita in a resistant accession H4 were introgressed into an elite restorer line Hang-Hui-179(HH179) using the marker-assisted backcross breeding(MABB) procedure. As a result, three improved lines(e.g., R1791 carrying Pi46 alone, R1792 carrying Pita alone and R1793 carrying both Pi46 and Pita) were developed. The three improved lines had significant genetic similarities with the recurrent parent HH179. Thus, they and HH179 could be recognized as near isogenic lines(NILs). The resistance spectrum of the three improved lines, which was tested at seedling stage, reached 91.1, 64.7 and 97.1%, respectively. This was markedly broader than that of HH179(23.5%). Interestingly, R1793 showed resistance to panicle blast but neither R1791 nor R1792 exhibited resistance at two natural blast nurseries. The results implied that the stacking of Pi46 and Pita resulted in enhanced resistance, which was unachievable by either R gene alone. Further comparison indicated that the three improved lines were similar to HH179 in multiple agronomic traits; including plant height, tillers per plant, panicle length, spikelet fertility, and 1 000-grain weight. Thus, the three improved lines with different R genes can be used as new sources of resistance for developing variety. There is a complementary effect between the two R genes Pi46 and Pita.     

转bar基因水稻后代除草剂抗性及农艺性状表现

从抗性和农艺性状两方面对抗除草剂的转bar基因粳稻品系T京引119、T嘉59和T秀水63各4个世代的田间表现进行评价,结果表明T6－T9世代的T京引119抗性及农艺性状已稳定。T0－T3世代的T嘉59和T秀水63还存在抗性分离。说明转入的bar基因虽可在高世代品系中稳定表达,但需较高的自交代数。此外在试验中,高世代转基因植株与供体亲本比较,株高及单株谷重降低,千粒重及穗粒较为稳定。     

抗褐飞虱和抗除草剂转基因粳稻新品系的选育及其中间试验

利用根癌农杆菌介导法,将位于同一双元载体pCUGNA-BAR上的GNA基因和Bar基因导入粳稻品种广陵香粳,获得了转基因品系.经PCR扩增检测和Southern杂交分析证明GNA基因已整合到转化植株的基因组中.在转化后代中选育了一个表现优异的转基因水稻新品系3015-1-1进行中间试验,田间农艺性状调查发现该品系3015-1-1基本保持了未转化对照优良的农艺特性.抗虫和抗除草剂试验表明, 3015-1-1对褐飞虱的蜜露排泄量和繁殖率具有显著的抑制作用,对除草剂Basta有明显抗性.     

甘蓝型抗草甘膦双低杂交油菜选育初报

利用国外引进的抗草甘膦油菜品系，应用常规的回交、测交等育种方法，将草甘膦抗性导入MMICMS，初步育成一批具有草甘膦抗性的细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系。抗性组合产量鉴定结果表明，其优势明显，超亲优势率达到17．84％～42．80％，部分组合达到超标优势，具有实用价值。     

Detection of NBS-LRR type disease resistance gene in the resistance cultivars of tomato to Meloidogyne incognita

采用盆栽病土接种法,鉴定58份番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)种质材料对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)的抗性.结果表明:供试的58份番茄种质材料对南方根结线虫的抗病性存在明显差异,其中高抗材料1份,抗病材料3份,感病材料3份,高感材料51份;根据已知NBS-LRR类抗病基因NBS区域的保守系列,设计简并引物,对抗性材料基因组进行体外扩增,获得了约500 bp的预期片段.     

番茄抗南方根结线虫种质材料NBS-LRR类抗病基因的检测

采用盆栽病土接种法,鉴定58份番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)种质材料对南方根结线虫(Meloido-gyne incognita)的抗性。结果表明:供试的58份番茄种质材料对南方根结线虫的抗病性存在明显差异,其中高抗材料1份,抗病材料3份,感病材料3份,高感材料51份;根据已知NBS-LRR类抗病基因NBS区域的保守系列,设计简并引物,对抗性材料基因组进行体外扩增,获得了约500bp的预期片段。     

Heterologous expression of the ThIPK2 gene enhances drought resistance of common wheat

Th IPK2 is an inositol polyphosphate kinase gene cloned from Thellungiella halophila that participates in diverse cellular processes. Drought is a major limiting factor in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) production. The present study investigated whether the application of the Th IPK2 gene could increase the drought resistance of transgenic wheat. The codon-optimized Th IPK2 gene was transferred into common wheat through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation driven by either a constitutive maize ubiquitin promoter or a stress-inducible rd29 A promoter from Arabidopsis. Molecular characterization confirmed the presence of the foreign gene in the transformed plants. The transgenic expression of Th IPK2 in wheat led to significantly improve drought tolerance compared to that observed in control plants. Compared to the wild type(WT) plants, the transgenic plants showed higher seed germination rates, better developed root systems, a higher relative water content(RWC) and total soluble sugar content, and less cell membrane damage under drought stress conditions. The expression profiles showed different expression patterns with the use of different promoters. The codon-optimized Th IPK2 gene is a candidate gene to enhance wheat drought stress tolerance by genetic engineering.     

抗除草剂固氮蓝藻研究进展

分析了近10年来国内外的相关文献,对抗除草剂固氮蓝藻研究进行综述.重点介绍了除草剂对固氮蓝藻生长和固氮能力的影响,探讨了固氮蓝藻抗除草剂的机理,并就今后的研究内容和方向进行展望.     

tva受体基因起始密码子突变对鸡感染A亚群禽白血病病毒的影响

【目的】探索tva受体基因起始密码子突变(tva c.3G>A)对鸡感染A亚群禽白血病病毒(Avian leukemia virus subgroup A, ALV-A)的影响。【方法】利用Sanger测序和RT-PCR验证我国黄羽肉鸡存在tva c.3G>A突变。利用流式细胞术检测tva c.3G>A突变对鸡体外感染RCASBP(A)-GFP荧光报告病毒的影响。通过ALV-A体内攻毒试验,探究tva c.3G>A突变对鸡体内感染ALV-A的影响。利用直接测序方法对我国黄羽肉鸡品系tva c.3G>A突变位点进行基因分型。【结果】Sanger测序和RT-PCR结果鉴定我国黄羽肉鸡品系tva基因编码区第3位碱基由G突变为A,该突变引起tva基因起始密码子序列由ATG突变为ATA。流式细胞术检测结果显示野生型tva c.3G/G鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chicken embryo fibroblast, CEF)对RCASBP(A)-GFP易感,纯合突变型tva c.3A/A CEF抗RCASBP(A)-GFP感染,表明tva c.3G>A突变导致鸡体外抗RCA...     

小麦抗条锈基因聚合及抗条中32号基因分子标记筛选

【目的】通过多基因聚合创制小麦抗条锈病新种质,并筛选小麦抗条中32号小种基因的RAPD标记。【方法】用分别抗条中32号、31号小种和水源14号小种的花育888-5、西农1376和212 3个育种材料进行杂交、复交,并花培纯合,对来自3个抗条锈育种材料的不同抗性基因进行聚合,建立DH系。用115条随机引物对该DH群体中抗条中32号小种基因进行RAPD标记分析。【结果】通过基因聚合,获得抗条中31号和32号小种的材料6个,占总材料的7.32%;抗条中31号和水源14号小种的材料6个,占总材料的7.32%;抗条中32号和水源14号小种的材料1个,占总材料的1.22%;未获得对3个供试小种均有抗性的DH材料。引物S20扩增出670 bp的多态性片段,该特异条带重复性强,S20可作为小麦抗条中32号小种基因的特异标记。【结论】创制了聚合2个抗条锈流行小种基因的抗条锈新种质13个。与抗条中32号小种基因紧密连锁的特异RAPD标记为S20。     

Genome editing of the SfABCC2 gene confers resistance to Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda

ATP-binding cassette transporter C2(ABCC2) is known to be a receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) toxins in several lepidopteran insects. Mutations in the ABCC2 gene have been genetically linked to field-evolved resistance to the Cry1 F toxin from Bt in Spodoptera frugiperda. Here we generated a SfABCC2 knockout strain of S. frugiperda using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to provide further functional evidence of the role of this gene in susceptibility and resistance to Cry1 F. Results from bioassays showed that the SfABCC2 knockout S. frugiperda strain displayed 118-fold resistance to Cry1 F compared with the parental DH19 strain, but no resistance to Vip3 A toxin from Bt. These results provide the first reverse genetic evidence for SfABCC2 as a functional receptor for Cry1 F.     

转PRSV复制酶基因T2代番木瓜植株的抗病性测定

转PRSV复制酶基因的番木瓜植株,其自交及杂交二代植株经PCR检测和Southem-blot杂交的结果表明：目的基因整合在番木瓜的染色体上．人工接种PRSV的Ya、Vb、Sm株系于分子检测阳性的7～8叶期植株,转基因植株均表现高抗．在定植田间的9个月中,转基因植株无一发病,而对照则全部发病．     

猪CACNA2D1基因定位及与相关遗传图谱的整合分析

【目的】定位猪CACNA2D1基因并分析该基因是否可作为影响猪某些生产性状的候选基因。【方法】扩增并测定猪CACNA2D1基因的部分序列,运用辐射杂种细胞系对其进行定位并将定位结果与相关遗传图谱进行整合分析。【结果】将猪CACNA2D1基因定位在猪9号染色体79.3~86.7 cM的位置上,发现在CACNA2D1基因定位区域有3个分别影响母猪发情期排卵数、胴体肩胛重以及10周龄体重的QTL,在定位区域附近有影响猪屠宰24 h后肌肉pH值的QTL。【结论】猪CACNA2D1基因可作为猪繁殖性状、胴体性状、生长性状甚至肉质性状的候选基因进行进一步的研究。     

抗除草剂转基因甘蔗农艺性状调查

对5个抗草丁膦的转Bar基因甘蔗株系进行了田间农艺性状调查,结果表明:在外形上转基因株系和受体对照没有差异,在锤度、茎径、茎长等农艺性状上部分株系存在差异。     

高粱航天新不育系与恢复系的配合力分析

为了尽快鉴定高粱航天新恢复系和不育系的配合力和遗传力,采用双列不完全杂交法分析了高粱新选航天新不育系与恢复系的配合力。结果表明,不育系中产量、穗粒重的一般配合力较高的有52A和55A,恢复系中一般配合力较高的有sp42和sp46。在穗粒重性状上特殊配合力最高的组合是52A×sp46。加性方差与基因型方差的比值依次之顺序是穗粒重>株高>穗粒数>产量>千粒重>穗长。杂交种产量的髙低取决于双亲一般配合力和特殊配合力效应较高的组合,试验中52A×sp46,52A×sp42是两个较优的杂交组合。     

尼罗罗非鱼P2X4R基因克隆及原核表达分析

[目的]克隆尼罗罗非鱼P2X4R基因,并构建原核表达载体进行诱导表达,为深入研究P2X4R在鱼类中的生物学功能打下基础.[方法]利用PCR克隆尼罗罗非鱼P2X4R基因的3个片段(G1、G2和G3),拼接获得目的基因后连接pCold II载体构建pCold II-P2X4R重组质粒,再转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,以IPTG进行诱导表达.分别采用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测分析重组蛋白P2X4R的表达情况,并运用生物信息学在线分析软件对其理化性质、糖基化位点、跨膜区域、亚细胞定位及信号肽等进行预测分析.[结果]克隆获得的尼罗罗非鱼P2X4R基因大小为1108 bp,与pCold II载体重组后转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞获得的原核表达载体经IPTG诱导可表达获得目的蛋白,在IPTG 1.0 mmol/L、37℃诱导4 h的条件下重组蛋白表达量高于在IPTG 0.1 mmol/L、16℃过夜诱导的表达量.重组蛋白P2X4R的分子量约43.0 kD,其氨基酸数量为354个,理论等电点(pI)为6.78,不稳定指数为37.62,属于稳定蛋白,脂肪族指数为74.35;重组蛋白P2X4R具有3个N-糖基化位点和1个O-糖基位点;该蛋白未见跨膜区,其蛋白几乎100%位于细胞膜内,不含信号肽.[结论]诱导表达获得的尼罗罗非鱼P2X4R蛋白具有3个N-糖基化位点和1个O-糖基化位点,推测其存在糖基化现象,可制备相应抗体用于揭示罗非鱼巨噬细胞的抗原呈递作用机制.     

天津野生稻稻瘟病抗性的遗传分析与抗瘟基因Pi2–1的初步定位

为了更好地揭示天津野生稻对稻瘟病抗性的遗传机理,以天津野生稻与感病品种CO39杂交构建的F2群体为研究对象,利用稻瘟病菌株CHL1743、110–2和318–2进行室内接种鉴定,F2群体的抗感单株分离比符合3∶1,表明其对3个稻瘟病菌株的抗性均由1个主效基因控制,命名为Pi2–1。利用群体分离分析法和隐性群体分离法进行初步定位分析,将Pi2–1基因定位在水稻第6号染色体着丝粒附近的SSR标记AP5659–5到RM7213之间,与2个标记的遗传距离分别为0.9 cM和1.4 cM。