藏传佛教与野生动物保护

野生动物是自然资源的重要组成部分 ,对人类及人类社会的生存和发展有着举足轻重的影响。人类的吃、穿、住、行、文化艺术无不与野生动物有着重大关系。近年来 ,由于人口持续增长 ,经济不断发展 ,人类对野生动物的需求不断上升 ,野生动物资源更是遭到前所未有的破坏。因此 ,在国内许多地方因对野生动物资源过度开发利用 ,滥捕滥猎 ,再加上森林砍伐等生境破坏 ,造成野生动物资源面临前所未有的枯竭 ,许多以前常见的物种也变得罕见。相比较而言 ,生活在青藏高原这片广袤大地上的野生动物 ,则幸运得多。西藏及邻近几个省份的藏族自治州 ,历来是…     

藏传佛教与野生动物保护

我是个地道的藏族人。但严格地说，我是不信仰藏传佛教和其他教派的。可是，我很尊崇藏传佛教中的人士，也很尊敬信奉藏传佛教的信徒，敬慕他们对待生灵和大自然的虔诚态度。在白马雪山国家级自然保护区管理局，我是负责野生动物管理工作的，其中包括宣传和科研工作。前年6月，我参加了由昆明动物研究所赵其昆教授主办的滇西北生物多样性保护培训班。学习期间，赵老师鼓励我写一篇关于藏传佛教与野生动物保护关系的文章。关于藏传佛教对野生动物保护有利的一面，我在以前的文章中也列举了许多实例并加以分析，我们单位也从20世纪90年代始把…     

推动野生动物保护事业健康发展

野生动物保护是林业部门的重要职责。多年来,我们始终坚持“加强资源保护,积极驯养繁殖,合理开发利用”的方针,从舆论宣传入手,规范管理,强化执法,不仅有效地保护了野生动物资源,而且促进了驯养繁殖产业的健康发展,实现了野生动物资源的可持续发展。     

野生动物保护现状分析

近年来,泾县森林公安机关与地方公安、工商、司法等部门协同配合,整治了一些破坏野生动物资源较为突出的热点地区,打掉了一批非法猎杀、经营野生动物的团伙,相继破获了一批非法猎捕、收购、运输野生动物资源的违法案件,有力遏制了此类案件的抬头之势,提升了广大人民群众对野生动物的保护意识.     

承德市野生动物保护显成效

河北省承德市林业主管部门采取有效措施,加强野生动物保护管理工作,取得了显著效果。     

野生动物保护多维教育模式探讨

在分析国内外野生动物保护教育现状的基础上,结合国内野生动物保护教育中面临的现实问题,提出了建立全面、系统、灵活的中国野生动物保护多维教育模式的新理念。从野生动物保护的根本需求出发,以独特的专业视点阐述了课程教育、远程教育、能力培训、科普教育、网络、公共媒体以及其中二者或多者结合等多种教育模式。同时,针对不同教育受众,结合实际案例分别从理论和实践层面分析了不同教育模式的实施效果以及各自的优点和不足,并对中国野生动物保护教育面临的挑战进行了分析。     

把野生动物保护做好做彻底

野生动物是一项不可替代的自然资源。人类社会发展到今天,是与自然环境中各种生物相互依存的结果,而野生动物又是与人类关系最为密切的;人类社会今后要实现可持续发展,更加需要有良好的自然环境和丰富的物种资源。当前,环境问题逐渐成为社会关注的热点,保护自然     

野生动物保护刻不容缓

古化石告诉我们，远古时代２００万年才有一种鸟类灭绝，６０万年才有一种兽类灭绝；１０年前，４天就有一种脊椎动物灭绝。到了今天，已恶化到每４个小时就有一种脊椎动物灭绝，而且这一趋势还在发展。据科学家统计，地球上有５２０５种野生动物濒临灭绝边缘，其中我国３７０种，我区１４０多种。由于人类的贪婪、无知，北方的东北虎、梅花鹿、豹、紫貂等珍贵野生动物已被大量捕杀，所剩寥寥无几；青藏高原的藏羚羊由几百万头锐减为十多万头；南方的穿山甲和大兴安岭的长尾锦鸡，也成为稀有动物；过量的猎杀、捕捉致使野生动物种群数量日益…     

2005年野生动物保护宣传月启动

2005年9月29日自治区“野生动物保护宣传月”启动仪式暨未成年人生态道德教育先进单位表彰活动在内蒙古农业大学附属小学举行。     

Commercial viability of conservation and social forestry outreach nurseries in South Africa

Nurseries are risky ventures, even in conducive operating environments. Unlike many of their international counterparts, financial objectives are usually important to South African outreach nurseries, to generate funds for projects and/or to enhance local livelihoods. However, most are situated in low-income areas where residents have limited spending power. This paper examines the commercial viability of ten outreach nurseries from six provinces, with a range of conservation objectives. Management performance was assessed through correspondence and financial ratio analyses. Although seven projects had built up steady markets, this took 5–8 years to achieve, even in intensively funded projects. Only one nursery had achieved a steady annual net profit. The prolonged establishment phases impacted negatively on participants’ livelihoods and project processes. Marketing difficulties included a lack of markets, nurseries being located far from markets, pricing difficulties, inadequate transport and limited marketing communications. Seasonal factors exacerbated liquidity shortfalls. Conservation activities such as greening and rehabilitation programmes provided markets, but medicinal plant nurseries struggled to achieve both conservation and socio-economic objectives, largely through difficulties experienced in providing seedlings at prices that subsistence sector resource users could afford. To achieve commercial viability, outreach enterprises need to adhere to business fundamentals viz. effective planning, management and coordination of resources, monitoring and control. Thorough viability studies are crucial. Alternate natural resource management and income generating strategies need to be evaluated, as a nursery may not be the best means of achieving these. The current Build–Operate–Transfer approach to projects by many supporting organisations is cause for concern as even small-scale projects usually require intensive support.     

Alternative silvicultural practices with variable retention improve bird conservation in managed South Patagonian forests

Alternative silvicultural approaches to timber management, such as regeneration treatments with different degrees of stand retention, may mitigate negative effects of clear-cutting or shelterwood cuts in forested ecosystems, including changes in old-growth forest bird communities. The aims of this work were: (a) to compare bird species richness and densities among different silvicultural designs with variable retention (dispersed and/or aggregated) and unmanaged primary forests, and (b) to assess temporal changes at community and species levels before and after treatments. A baseline avian survey was conducted prior to harvesting to evaluate canopy gap presence and forest stand site quality influences. Subsequent to harvesting, data on bird species richness and density were collected by point-count sampling during the summer season for 5 consecutive years (4 treatments × 5 years × 6 sampling points × 5 counts). Bird species richness and density (15 species and 9.2 individuals ha⁻¹) did not change significantly with forest site quality of the stands and canopy gap presence in unmanaged forests. However, both variables were significantly modified in managed forests, increasing over time to 18 species and reaching to 39 individuals ha⁻¹. Inside the aggregated retention, bird communities were more similar to unmanaged primary forests than those observed within the dispersed retention or in clear-cuts. Opting for a regeneration method with dispersed and aggregated retention has great potential for managing birds in Nothofagus pumilio forests. This method retained enough vegetation structure in a stand to permit the establishment of early successional birds (at least in dispersed retention), and to maintain the bird species of old-growth forests which could persisted in the retention aggregates.     

祁连山珍稀濒危野生动物保护战略研究

甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区有陆栖脊椎动物4纲、22目、52科、219种。自上世纪60年代开始由于人为干扰和破坏,野生动物资源遭到严重破毁,分布范围大幅度缩减,数量急剧下降,部分动物（如雪豹、金雕等）处于濒临灭绝的境地。为此,我们针对祁连山的实际情况提出了：就地保护与异地保护的资源保护战略思想;以及规范珍稀濒危野生动物人工驯养繁殖单位,引进先进技术和设备进行规模化生产,加强珍稀濒危野生动物的科学研究等资源利用战略思想。     

我国野生动物保护工作的几个热点问题及解决措施

野生动物是生态系统中活跃的、引人注目的组成部分,具有重要的生态服务功能。建N50多年来,中国野生动物保护事业取得了长足发展,为人类与自然界的和谐相处及发展做出了重要贡献。当前在中国野生动物保护工作中出现一些新的热点及问题：野生动物疫源疫病监测、野生动物国际狩猎、药用濒危野生动物的保护、野生动物及其产品标志化管理、野生动物保护有关法律及制度的制定及完善,这些问题是国家野生动物保护事业中正在进行或亟待开展的工作。文章对这些问题进行详细综述,以期为国家野生动物保护工作提供资料。     

Dendroclimatology in South Africa

ABSTRACT

Contrary to the few other studies conducted in Southern Africa, mean site-index per soil series was only significant at a low level (P ? 0,10). No significant differences were apparent when a broad soil grouping using only morphological characteristics was tested. It is concluded that detailed soil mapping for site index determination is not justified in the Umzimkulu District, Transkei.     

南非的欧石南(Erica)植物

介绍南非的欧石南属（Erica）植物种类,分布及其Erica arborea（树状欧石南）,Erica glandulosa（腺毛欧石南）和Erica perspicua等品种。     

Impact of communal land use and conservation on woody vegetation structure in the Lowveld savannas of South Africa

Millions of people rely on savannas for ecosystem services, such as the provision of grazing and fuel wood, so it is important to determine the extent to which utilization affects woody vegetation resources. Using airborne LiDAR from the Carnegie Airborne Observatory (CAO), we quantified and compared tree canopy cover and height distributions between areas of contrasting management in the Lowveld savanna region of South Africa - a region connecting communal landscapes with heavy utilization (especially fuel wood harvesting) to fully protected public (Kruger National Park - KNP) and private reserves (SabiSand Game Reserve - SSGR) that conserve biodiversity. Differences in total woody vegetation cover and cover within functional height classes (1-2 m, 2-3 m, 3-5 m, 5-7 m and >7 m) were investigated between 7 sites located within (i) conservation areas (in KNP, SSGR), (ii) communal rangelands or (iii) cultivated fields in communal areas. The impact of human utilization on wood resources in the communal areas varied widely between sites. Heavy utilization on gabbro substrate greatly reduced total woody cover of the rangelands, while two other communal rangelands that were presumably less intensively utilised had double the total woody cover of conservation areas. Rangelands and fields in most of the communal sites had more vegetation cover in the 5-7 m and >7 m classes than most of the conservation sites, presumably due to the absence of elephants in communal rangelands and the active preservation of large fruiting trees. On granite substrates, which account for the majority of the study area, there was a 50% reduction in woody cover below 5 m in communal rangelands. Although large trees were clearly being conserved in communal rangelands and fields, there was a relatively low cover of vegetation below 5 m, which raise doubts about recruitment and long-term sustainability of the tree resources. These results in conjunction with other studies based on the CAO LiDAR data for experimental burn plots and large mammal exclosures in KNP, suggest that communal land use on granite substrates have a higher impact on the woody cover below 5 m than both elephants and fire.     

南非常用的园林植物

南非观赏植物资源丰富。本文介绍了南非园林绿化上常用的外来树种蓝花楹、美丽异木棉、火焰木、茶花、筋杜鹃等;常用的本土植物非洲朴、吊瓜树、南非羊蹄甲、硬骨凌霄、紫雪花、天堂鸟、百子莲等。     

在“彩虹之国”来一场自然之旅

南非,在我心目中一直是一个比较神秘的国度,之前对它的了解仅限于好望角、曼德拉、世界杯、克鲁格国家公园,还有传说中的钻石。这个美丽的国家,因其多姿多彩的自然景观、历史文化以及不同肤色种族的人们和平共处,而被称为“彩虹之国”。这次,我终于有机会踏上这块神秘的土地,拉开了为期一周的南非之旅。