杉木害虫发生与栽培技术关系的商讨

一切客观事物本来是互相联系的,自然界的一切都是互相依存的,森林害虫与环境条件有着密切的联系。人们从事林业生产的各种活动,改变了森林环境,导致森林害虫种群和数量的变化,造成许许多多有利于害虫发生、繁殖和蔓延的条件和不利于害虫天敌发生、繁殖和蔓延的条件。科学的栽培技术不仅能改善杉木的生长状况,而且能恶化杉木害虫的栖息环境,保护天敌的生存,使杉木害虫的数量减少甚至完全被除治。前一时期,我省各地丘陵地区大面积集中连片建立以杉木为主的用材林基地,特别是那些远离杉木中心产区的低丘陵,     

杉木种子园的主要害虫及其防治

杉木种子园是生产良种的基地，但害虫为害猖厥，严重影响杉种的产量和质量。据省林科所助理研究员韩明德等科技人员多年的调查研究，在我省杉木种子园及采种基地普遍为害杉木种实的害虫，主要有长角岗缘蝽、杉木扁长蝽、暗黑松果长蝽和杉小绿叶蝉四种。这些害虫以刺吸杉木种实或梢头嫩叶的汁液为食，受害部位因失去汁液而停止生长或造成种子干瘪、空壳；球果受害率一般为345％，最达90％。为了解决这个问题，研究人员于1987年在靖州排牙山林场进行反复防治试验，找出了防治的最佳时机、高效低毒杀虫剂，清除虫源果、保护天敌等综合防治措施…     

森林害虫生物防治基础知识讲座

第三讲生物防治基本理论一、生物防治的生态学问题 1、种间斗争和种内斗争在生物的长期变动和演替中,一些物种由于适应环境而生存下来,另一些由于不能适应环境而被淘汰,这是自然界生物进化的一般规律。例如,松树与杂草,松毛虫与松树,多种害虫与松树,松毛虫与其天敌,多种害虫与其天敌等等,都存在着种间斗争的关系。当某种害虫天敌数量多到足以控制害虫的发展时,则害虫天敌与害虫斗争的结果,必然是天敌由少变多,上升为支配害虫数量的地位,这时害虫数量则由多变少,逐步趋于灭亡。这是人类可以利用天敌防治虫害的主要     

杉木球果麦蛾种群动态规律的研究

杉木球果麦蛾Ｄｉｃｈｏｍｅｒｉｓｓｐ．是杉木的重要种实害虫，可造成杉木种子产量的严重下降。据４年调查结果，杉木球果麦蛾幼虫种群数量变动比较稳定，每样枝平均虫口密度０．２５－２．５头，无大起大落变化。由于幼虫在球果内危害，受气候、天敌等影响小，故存活率较高，平均存活率８５．８％。可以此作为参数，预报来年的种群消长趋势，为该虫的综合治理提供科学依据     

红梨园果实采摘后害虫及天敌的组成与数量特征

2006年9～11月,在昆明市盘龙区松花乡红梨科技示范园中对红梨果实采摘后的主要害虫及天敌的组成与数量特征进行调查,发现害虫16种,天敌19种.梨蚜为主要害虫,瓢虫为主要天敌.分析了梨蚜与其主要天敌瓢虫的消长动态,表明天敌的发生与蚜虫密切相关,且有明显的时间和数量跟随关系.     

杉木球果麦峨种群动态规律的研究

杉木球果麦蛾Ｄｉｃｈｏｍｅｒｉｓ ｓｐ．是杉木的重要种实害虫，可造成杉木种子产量的严重下降。据４年调查结果，杉木球果麦物幼虫种群数量变动比较稳定，每样枝平均虫口密度０．２５－２．５头，无大起大落变化。由于幼虫在球果内危害，受的气候、天敌等影响小。故存活率较高，平均存活率８５．８％。可以此作为参数，预报来年的种群消长趋势，为该虫的综合治理提供科学依据。     

如何防治危害果树的自然灾害

目前，果园生产中应用化学农药是防治害虫的主要手段。而果园中的害虫与其天敌已形成了相互依存、相互制约的关系，在生产过程中，利用这—关系辅以严格的农事操作，可以避免害虫的危害，对生产绿色果品极为有利。一、果树害虫天敌的分类害虫天敌是与害虫同时存在的虫群，主要分为捕食性和寄生性两大类。捕食性天敌主要有捕食性瓢虫、草蛉、小花蝽、蓟马、食蚜蝇、寄生蝇、寄生茵等。在果园用农药时，要充分保护捕食性天敌，做到害虫防治与天敌保护兼顾。二、生态平衡性防治l、重视果树休眠后期的防治果树休眠后期，正值越冬害虫大量出蛰。…     

福建省杉木种子园球果种子害虫调查及防治对策

１９９２—１９９３年对福建省７个良种基地进行杉木种子园种实害虫调查。结果表明，杉木球果麦蛾及杉木扁长蝽是危害杉木球果的主要害虫；平均变色、虫害果率分别为２７．７％、４６．７％。     

杉木害虫发生与栽培技术的关系

科学的栽培技术不仅能改善杉木[Cunning hamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook]的生长状况,而且能恶化杉木害虫的栖息坏境,保护天敌的生存,使害虫的数量减少,甚至被完全控制住。我省和南方的一些地区大面积集中连片建立用材林基地,使那些远离中心产区     

杉木害虫及其天敌名录初报

去年,我们调查了龙泉、丽水、云和、庆元、开化、临安、建德、淳安、江山、余杭等县,采集了杉木害虫及其天敌标本,经分类和参阅有关资料,初步整理出害虫7目23科47种,天敌31种。现按昆虫分类系统报导如下。     

Researches on Nutrition in Cultivation of Chinese Fir

A series ofresearches on the nutrition problems in the cultivation of Chinese fir seedlings and plantations, which are mainly focus on the problems of serious land degradation in Chinese fir plantations in contradiction with the rapid development of the plantations in China, were summarized. Twelve years was taken and more than 30 pieces of research papers were published for the researches, which refers to the problems of growth effect, physiological effect, vegetation variation, biomass accumulation, nutrition dynamic, accumulation and distribution     

杉木种子园种实害虫的综合治理

本文概述了杉木种子园主要种实害虫的综合治理措施。以虫情监测为基础,结合采种摘除虫害球果及强度修枝等林业技术,适时应用０．０５％溴氰菊酯油烟剂防治成虫。通过５年综合治理,使杉木种子园的球果虫害率明显下降,种子产量有较大提高,取得了明显的经济、社会和生态效益。     

丘陵区用材林立体经营的初步研究

为了探索丘陵区用材林立体经营模式，于1989年开始．在湖南省衡南县，开展了杉木幼龄林—山苍子—黄豆、杉木中龄林—绞股蓝、杉木中龄林—生姜、湿地松—棕榈—黄豆4个经营类型试验，进行了林中生态因子、小气候因子的测定，病虫害情况和土壤调查，6a的试验结果表明：4个经营类型都能改善林内的微域环境，提高土壤肥力．增强林分抵抗病虫害的能力，显著提高上层林木的生长量此外，立体经营在前期即能从中层树木和下层作物获得一定的经济效益，克服了传统林业生产周期长、早期无经济效益的缺点，能有效地发挥林业的练合效益.     

Rückgang der Tanne (Abies alba Mill.) in Polen

Decline of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Poland. On the basis of his own observations and of data from the literature, the author gives a review of silver fir diseases, pests and damage by other biotic and abiotic factors in Poland and on conjectural causes of the decline of this tree species.     

Provenance variation in Christmas tree characteristics in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) planted in Denmark and Iceland

A field test with 26 provenances of subalpine fir and corkbark fir was established at three sites in Denmark and one site in Iceland in 1999. Survival, growth and Christmas tree quality were assessed after 10 growing seasons in Denmark and 12 in Iceland. Provenances showed significant differences for all measured traits. The western-most subalpine fir provenances from Washington state and British Columbia showed the overall best results in Denmark with the highest survival (after 15 years), fastest growth in height and highest Christmas tree quality and profitability as well as both good postharvest needle retention and high resistance to pests. The corkbark fir provenances also showed high Christmas tree quality and the lowest frequency of fork formation, but corkbark fir provenances also exhibited the poorest postharvest needle retention. In Iceland, the corkbark fir provenances generally showed the highest survival rate and Christmas tree quality. The White River provenance from British Columbia is recommended for use in Denmark. The Mount Taylor provenance from the Cibola National Forest in New Mexico is recommended for use in Iceland.     

森林健康理论与实践

森林健康是在森林资源管理和森林有害生物治理实践中形成的一种全新的理论。本文简要叙述了世界森林健康理论的兴起,实质及其实践,并结合林业可持续发展和森林病虫害可持续控制加以评述。     

Ecological consequences of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) cultivation in Europe

Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was first introduced to Europe from North America more than 150 years ago, was then planted on a large scale and is now the economically most important exotic tree species in European forests. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of Douglas fir on soil chemistry, plants, arthropods and fungi. Douglas fir shapes its abiotic environment similarly to native tree species such as Norway spruce, silver fir or European beech. In general, many organisms have been shown to be able to live together with Douglas fir and in some cases even benefit from its presence. Although the number of species of the ground vegetation and that of arthropod communities is similar to those of native conifer species, fungal diversity is reduced by Douglas fir. Special microclimatic conditions in the crown of Douglas fir can lead to reduced arthropod densities during winter with possible negative consequences for birds. The ecological impacts of Douglas fir are in general not as severe as those of other exotic tree species, e.g., Pinus spp. in South Africa and Ailanthus altissima, Prunus serotina and Robinia pseudoacacia in Europe. Nonetheless, Douglas fir can negatively impact single groups of organisms or species and is now regenerating itself naturally in Europe. Although Douglas fir has not been the subject of large-scale outbreaks of pests in Europe so far, the further introduction of exotic organisms associated with Douglas fir in its native range could be more problematic than the introduction of Douglas fir itself.     

Interactions of insects, trees and air pollutants

Hypotheses of forest decline are summarized. Stressed trees may be a more suitable food source for invertebrate herbivores than unstressed trees because stress causes an increase in the tissue content of soluble nitrogenous compounds. There is reasonable correlative evidence that air pollutants influence the outbreak patterns of forest insect species. In some cases, formerly innocuous insects may become pests. The occurrence of specific insect pests with specific air contaminants is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the decline of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) in the southern Appalachians and the occurrence of the balsam woolly adelgid. Variable mortality patterns of Fraser fir may be caused by locally distributed air pollutants acting in combination with other types of stress including that caused by the adelgid.     

中国杉木研究动态

(单位:千公顷)森林和有林地国家合计疏林郁闭林1.苏联2.巴西3.加拿大4.美国5.4t伊尔6.印度尼西亚7.中国8.澳大利亚9.波利维亚10.印度1 37 0C07 91 600928 600000357 4805 L4 480300820264 100436 4001 95 256298 076,‘O白乃山忆口﹄.︹︺‘.1 .1.走7 LS砖0105了501 77 5903 0001 138951 IG 8951 7 20097 8471 15 04765 085硅1 658106 74322 75044 01066 7605 3935 1 84157 234森林最丰富的10个国家~~…