改性膨润土吸附去除酚类的研究进展

介绍了目前国内采用改性膨润土吸附处理废水中酚类的研究状况,探讨了pH值、温度、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、共存物质和改性等因素对改性膨润土吸附酚类的影响。展望了改性膨润土吸附酚类的发展趋势和应用前景。     

以花生壳为生物吸附剂去除废水中重金属的研究进展

生物吸附法是一种正在迅速发展的废水处理方法。为研究中国农业废弃物作为生物吸附剂处理重金属废水的研究及利用现状,通过简述了花生壳作为吸附剂的吸附机制、吸附模型和热力学参量等,并分析影响吸附过程的主要因素、材料再生和金属回收等,进而提出展望,旨在为进一步提高重金属去除效率和农业废弃物资源化方面提供理论指导。     

硅藻土杀虫剂的研究和应用进展

本文对国内外硅藻土杀虫剂的研究和应用文献进行了综述，介绍了硅藻土的杀虫机理、种类、应用范围、影响杀虫效果的因素、应用技术和对粮食储藏、加工和食用品质特性的影响，分析了使用该药剂时操作人员的防尘保护措施，展望了硅藻土杀虫荆在我国储粮害虫防治领域的应用前景。     

霉菌吸附重金属在污水处理中的研究进展

为了研究微生物修复重金属废水处理,综述了国内外近20年的研究,概述了霉菌去除废水中重金属的应用和主要机理。发现霉菌在处理重金属废水方面有很大的发展空间,但处理效果和实际应用方面还存在不足,今后还需深入研究。     

硅藻土对污染土壤中铅的固定效果及机制

为了有效地将硅藻土应用于土壤铅污染修复,并加以推广,逐步恢复受污染土壤的生产能力,研究了硅藻土对污染土壤中铅的固定效果、吸附过程、等温吸附和吸附动力学。结果表明：硅藻土能充分将土壤中交换态的铅转化为残渣态,硅藻土的施加不会对土壤pH值和有机质等理化性质造成较大改变;硅藻土对Pb2+的吸附过程控制步骤是孔道内的化学反应;硅藻土对Pb2+的吸附动力学属性符合伪2级动力学模型,等温吸附符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量qm为10.428 mg/g。硅藻土可以有效固定土壤中的铅,并降低其生物有效性,可作为铅污染土壤的有效改良剂。     

3种天然矿物型吸附材料对赖氨酸的吸附特性研究

为了对氨基酸类有机污水的处理以及资源再利用提供理论参考。基于近年来富含氨基酸类的有机污水污染程度日益加剧,试验选用3种天然矿物型吸附材料对赖氨酸的吸附解吸特性进行研究,采用恒温震荡吸附批处理、茚三酮比色测定赖氨酸以及差减法计算和Langmuir、Freundlich方程拟合的研究方法。结果表明：3种天然矿物型吸附材料对赖氨酸的最大吸附量(Qm)表现为沸石>膨润土>硅藻土;对赖氨酸的吸附结合能(K值)表现为硅藻土>膨润土>沸石;1/N值表现为沸石>膨润土>硅藻土;对赖氨酸解吸率表现为沸石>硅藻土>膨润土,滞后程度则相反。因此,若以吸附数量多并解吸后再利用为目标的处理,选用沸石为好;而若以吸附数量尚好但保持相对稳定不易再度污染为目标的处理,选用膨润土为好。     

硅藻土防治储粮害虫研究和应用进展

本文对国内外硅藻土杀虫剂的研究和应用文献进行了综述,介绍了该药剂的杀虫机理、种类、应用范围、影响杀虫效果的因素、应用技术和对粮食的储藏及加工和食用品质特性的影响,分析了使用该药剂时操作人员的防尘保护,并展望了该药剂在我国储粮害虫防治领域的应用前景。     

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺废水的生化处理研究及应用进展

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)是一种性能优良的有机溶剂,被广泛用于合成革、制膜和化工生产中。DMF废水的处理方法主要有物化法、化学法和生化法,通过对生化法处理DMF废水展开研究,分析了目前国内外对DMF降解专用菌株的筛选与驯化情况,以及各种菌株的降解特性及效率,同时也探讨了生化法处理DMF废水在工业生产上的应用,证明生化法是一种经济可行的低浓度DMF废水处理方法。     

施肥与打顶对不同生态点烤烟化学成分的影响

为探讨施肥量与打顶对不同生态点烟叶化学成分的关系,在云南楚雄、弥渡、南涧、祥云进行了施肥量（72kg/hm2、90kg/ hm2、108kg/ hm2）与打顶（扣心打顶、中心花开打顶、盛花期打顶）试验,结果表明： 总糖、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质、钾含量不同生态点差异显著。最佳施肥量与最佳施肥量-20%处理比较烟叶总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质含量差异不显著,但与最佳施肥量+20%处理比较差异显著。扣心打顶、中心花开打顶、盛花期打顶处理总糖、还原糖、总氮、蛋白质含量,相互间比较差异不显著。扣心打顶、盛花期打顶处理烟碱含量比较差异不显著,但与中心花开打顶比较差异显著。烟叶部位间总糖、还原糖比较差异极显著,中部叶>上部叶>下部叶。总氮含量中部叶、下部叶比较差异不显著,但与上部叶比较差异极显著。蛋白质含量烟叶部位间比较差异极显著,上部叶>下部叶>中部叶。钾含量烟叶部位间比较差异极显著,下部叶>中部叶>上部叶。钾受施肥措施、打顶措施影响小,遗传稳定性高。蛋白质受环境条件及施肥措施、打顶措施的影响最小,烟碱受环境条件及施肥措施、打顶措施的影响最大。     

硅藻土、改性海泡石对氮磷钾吸附和缓释作用的研究

为了提高土壤中氮磷钾肥的利用率,通过恒温振荡试验研究了硅藻土、改性海泡石对氯化铵、磷酸二氢钙和氯化钾的吸附作用。通过盆栽试验,测定了玉米不同生长时期土壤中氮磷钾含量,研究了硅藻土、改性海泡石对氮磷钾的缓释作用。研究结果表明,在25℃条件下恒温振荡4 h,氯化铵和氯化钾的初始浓度为60 mg/L时,硅藻土对氮、钾的吸附率分别达到最大值12.80%和17.26%;改性海泡石对氮、钾的吸附率分别达到最大值19.22%和14.75%。当磷酸二氢钙的初始浓度为60 mg/L时,恒温振荡6 h,硅藻土、改性海泡石对磷的吸附率分别达到最大值35.42%和13.42%。对玉米盆栽试验土壤中氮磷钾含量的测定结果表明：硅藻土、改性海泡石对氮磷钾具有良好的缓释作用。该试验获得了硅藻土:改性海泡石:尿素:过磷酸钙:氯化钾的优化质量比为3:3:17.3:9.3:9.6,为缓释肥的研制奠定了基础。     

Advances in Immobilized Microorganism and Its Applications of Wastewater Treatment

By in troducing the way of the immobilized cell and conparing the carriers, this paper presented the advances in immobilized microorganism and its applications of wastewater treatment are presented. It is believed that immobilized microorganism treatment is a more effective mediod than general biological method. The paper discusses its application in treating heavy metal wastewater, organic wastewater, hydroxybenzen wastewate, and nitrogen wastewater,et ac. And the research indicates the advances and the problems of immobilized microorganism.     

Application of Membrane Separation Technologyin Water & Wastewater Treatment and Its Relative Priority

The application of membrane separation technology in water and wastewater field is introduced in this paper. It is demonstrated that membrane separation technology is the future of the development of water and wastewater treatment, as well as water industry, compared with conventional treatment methods from three aspects: technology, economy and operation and management, the relative priority of the membrane is discussed.     

Applications and Development of Expert System in Wastewater Treatment Systems

This paper introduces the structure and characteristic of an expert system based on characteristics of wastewater treatment such as time-variation,nonlinearity,complexity and uncertainty.The paper then analyzes the status of wastewater treatment systems studies and existing disadvantages of expert systems.It shows that expert systems have been applied in nearly all aspects of wastewater treatment systems in other countries,but only initial work has been done in the People's Republic of China.The authors introduce the prospects for and trends in the application and study of expert systems in wastewater treatment.     

Application and Trend of Development of Sludge Thickening Technology in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

In this paper,the present state of application and research of sludge thickening technology in municipal wastewater treatment plant are summed up and the trend of development of sludge thickening technology is pointed out.     

The Meaning of UV254 as an Organic Matter Monitoring Parameter in Water Supply & Wastewater Treatment

Through the discussion from a view different from the traditional, the correlations between UV 254 and organic matter monitoring parameters in the field of water supply and wastewater treatment was discussed, such as TOC, DOC and THMs precursors. According to the explanation of applicability in this paper, UV 254 can be used as a surrogate parameter. The measurement of UV 254 as a surrogate parameter has several advantages, such as inexpensive instrument, convenient operation, low operating costs, good correlations to the parameters surrogated, high accuracy and excellent data reappearance in multiple measurements. The application of UV 254 as an indirect parameter is quite valuable, especially under the current financial level of the operation and monitoring of the water and wastewater treatment plants and the laboratory research in China.     

Treatment of wastewater from ABS condensation drying section by BAC-SBR reactor

Wastewater from ABS condensation drying section is treated by biological activated carbon-sequencing batch reactor (BAC-SBR), and degradation process of the toxic and hazardous pollutants in ABS wastewater is studied significantly by using UV-visible spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the treatment process of ABS wastewater by BAC-SBR contained three phases of adsorption, bioregeneration and completion. The COD and TOC removal efficiencies of ABS wastewater are both more than 85% after 180 min treatment in BAC-SBR reactor, and the analysis results of UV-vis and FTIR suggest that the toxic and hazardous pollutants i.e., aromatic compounds and organic nitriles in ABS wastewater can be decomposed and transformed efficiently by BAC-SBR reactor.     

多介质地下渗滤系统脱氮影响因素及强化措施

与传统的污水处理工艺相比,地下渗滤在处理分散污水中具有天然的优势,因此逐渐受到了广泛关注与深入研究。地下渗滤对COD和TP的去除率较高,但较低的脱氮率有待加强。笔者通过详细介绍地下渗滤系统氧化还原电位、碳源、运行工况、外部环境等影响脱氮因素,系统地总结了地下渗滤强化脱氮的措施,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。通过对影响因素进行权重排序,多种强化措施和作用联合应用,提升微生物功效等方法强化氮的去除率,旨在丰富系统除氮的理论内涵,拓展地下渗滤的应用空间。     

硒肥与钝化材料组配对土壤Cd钝化及稻米Cd消减效果

为了探讨不同硒肥施用方式联合钝化材料对土壤镉钝化和稻米镉消减的效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,选用亚硒酸钠作为硒肥,钙镁磷肥和硅藻土作为钝化材料,设置基施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土和叶面喷施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土2种方式,研究其不同用量对镉污染酸性稻田土壤修复与安全利用的影响。结果表明：随着施用量的增加,稻米产量增加,基施硒肥产量略高于叶面喷施硒肥,产量差为 2.115 g/pot,与对照(CK)相比,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒(T3)能够提高1.68倍的稻米产量;随着施用量的增加,pH升高,有效Cd降低,有机质与CEC变化不大;基施硒肥与叶面喷施硒肥处理对土壤pH、有机质与CEC差异不显著,但基施硒肥处理有效Cd含量略低于叶面喷施硒肥处理,T3对土壤Cd的钝化效果最佳;随着基施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量降低,随着叶面喷施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量先降低后升高,基施硒肥处理对稻米Cd的消减程度强于叶面喷施硒肥处理,相差 0.021 mg/kg,与对照(CK)相比,T3处理稻米Cd降低0.063 mg/kg。可见,硒对调控稻米镉累积具有重要作用,且基施硒肥强于叶面喷施。综上所述,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒对土壤Cd钝化与稻米Cd消减的效果最佳,值得在镉污染稻田推广应用。