水氮互作对花生根系生长及产量的影响

【目的】明确不同水分处理下氮肥对不同抗旱性品种根系生长及产量的影响,探讨花生根系对水分和氮肥的反应机理,为花生水肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】防雨棚旱池内进行土柱栽培试验,在中度干旱胁迫（W0,45%-50%田间持水量）和充足灌水（W1,70%-75%田间持水量）两个水分处理下设置N0（不施氮）、N1（中氮,90 kg×hm^-2)、N2（高氮,180 kg×hm^-2) 3个施氮水平,研究抗旱型品种花育22号和干旱敏感型品种花育23号2个不同抗旱性花生品种根系生物量、根长、根系表面积、根系伤流量及产量变化。分别采集0-20 cm、20-40 cm和40 cm以下土层根系样品,采用WinRhizo Pro Vision 5.0a分析程序对扫描根系图像进行分析。【结果】不同抗旱性花生品种根系发育在不同水分条件下对施用氮肥的响应不同。对于抗旱型花生品种花育22号,与不施氮肥相比,干旱胁迫处理下施用氮肥降低其总根长、总根系表面积和0-20 cm土层内根长和根系表面积,增加了40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积;正常供水处理下施用氮肥处理降低其0-20 cm土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积,但增加40 cm以下土层内根系性状。干旱敏感型品种花育23号的根系对水分和氮肥的响应与抗旱型品种花育22号不同：干旱胁迫处理下,施用氮肥增加其总根系生物量和总根长和40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积;正常供水处理下,施用氮肥降低其40 cm以下土层内根长和根系表面积。不同抗旱性花生品种根系伤流强度对水氮互作的响应一致,与正常供水处理相比,两品种干旱胁迫下根系伤流强度均降低,干旱敏感型品种花育23号的降低幅度大于抗旱型品种花育22号。施用氮肥增加两品种干旱胁迫处理下的根系伤流强度,提高其干旱胁迫下产量;正常供水处理下中氮处理增加抗旱型品种花育22号的产量,对干旱敏感型品种花育23号的产量无显著影响。两年试验条件下水分和氮肥处理对产量的互作效应均达显著差异水平。相关性分析表明,干旱胁迫处理下40 cm以下土层内根长、根系表面积与产量间的相关性达显著或极显著水平;正常供水处理下20-40 cm土层内根系表面积与产量达显著相关;两种水分条件下根系伤流量均与产量达显著相关水平。【结论】干旱胁迫处理下增施氮肥能提高花生产量,改善花生根系的生长,增加40 cm以下土层内的根系生物量、根长和根系表面积,提高花生根系伤流强度。     

Effects of Zinc Deficiency and Drought on Plant Growth and Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Maize （Zea mays L.）

The combinative effects of applied zinc (Zn) and soil moisture on the plant growth, Zn uptake, and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in maize (Zea mays L.) plants were examined through two pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. Maize variety Zhongdan 9409 was used. In experiment 1, maize plants were grown in cumulic cinnamon soil with five Zn treatments (0, 3.0, 9.0, 27.0, and 81.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil). Three treatments of soil moisture including serious drought, mild drought, and adequate water supply were set at 30-35 %, 40-45 %, and 70-75 % (w/w) of soil saturated water content, respectively. Soil saturated water content was 36% (w/w). The dry matter weights of shoots were enhanced by Zn application and adequate water supply. There was no apparent difference in plant growth among Zn application rates from 3.0 to 81.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil. The increases of plant growth and Zn uptake due to Zn application were found more significant under well-watered condition than under drying condition. In experiment 2, two levels of Zn (0 and 5.0 mg Zn kg-1 soil) and soil moisture regimen (40-45 % and 70-75 % of soil saturated water content, respectively) were set. Zn deficiency or water stress resulted in higher concentrations of O2-· and malondiadehyde in the first fully expanded leaves.Zn deficiency lowered the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) in leaves. Drought stress increased SOD activity in leaves regardless of Zn supply. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC1.11.1.11) was found to be enhanced by Zn supply only in well-watered leaves. Zinc deficiency or water stress had little effect on the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6). The higher ROS level in early maize leaves due to water stress seemed not to be alleviated or lowered partially by Zn application. However, Zn fertilizer was recommended to apply to maize plants irrigated or supplied with adequate water, otherwise Zn deficiency would reduce the water use for plant biomass production.     

多功能保水剂在新海16号上的施用效果研究

在新疆阿瓦提县进行了正常灌溉和亏缺灌溉条件下保水剂及保水剂与尿素配施在长绒棉新海16号施用效果的田间试验.试验结果表明,随着保水剂使用量的增加棉田0～20 cm土壤含水量也有增大的趋势;保水剂对棉花植株的生长发育具有一定促进作用;使用保水剂对棉花都表现出一定的增产效果,在亏缺灌溉时保水剂的增产效果好于正常灌溉;正常灌溉和亏缺灌溉都以施用保水剂60 mg/hm2产生的经济效益较高,但以亏缺灌溉条件下获得效益更高.     

The Influence of Fluctuated Soil Moisture on Growth Dynamic of Winter Wheat

Glasshouse and laboratory tests were carried out in 1996 - 1998 using winter wheat cultivars Beinong 6 as materials. The growth dynamics of the whole-wheat plant were analysed under constant and fluctuated soil water condition. The results revealed that water stress made the starting time of crop greatest growth phase(STCGGP) in advance, prolonged crop greatest growth phase(CGGP), decreased the rate of crop greatest growth (CGGR or CGRm), and as a result, the rate of dry matter accumulation was reduced and the growth of the crop was slowed down. Rewatering delayed STCGGP, shortened CGGP, increased CGGR, thus,the rate of dry matter accumulation had been boosted and the growth of the crop was accelerated. The growth rate, dry matter weight and grains yield of winter wheat were almost equal to the well-watered controls if they were rewatered under the condition of moderate water stress during the jointing stage.     

毛白杨和皂荚幼苗应对自然干旱胁迫的响应

以北方重要的造林绿化树种毛白杨和皂荚的1 a生盆栽幼苗为试验材料,在自然干旱胁迫条件下,研究了毛白杨和皂荚幼苗的叶片含水量、水势、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明:在自然干旱胁迫条件下,随着胁迫时间的延长,毛白杨和皂荚幼苗的叶片含水量和叶片水势均呈降低趋势,叶片脯氨酸含量呈逐渐增加趋势,叶片可溶性糖含量呈增加—降低—增加的波动趋势;胁迫12 d时,皂荚幼苗叶片含水量和叶片水势的降低幅度均>毛白杨,叶片脯氨酸含量的增加幅度>毛白杨,叶片可溶性糖含量的增加幅度<毛白杨;毛白杨和皂荚幼苗的叶片水势与叶片含水量均呈极显著正相关关系,叶片脯氨酸含量与叶片水势呈显著或极显著负相关关系。     

结实期水分胁迫对两系杂交稻产量及品质的影响

以6个两系杂交水稻为材料,研究结实期水分胁迫处理(-50kPa)对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明;大多数品种的结实率、千粒重和产量处理都显著低于对照(浅水层)。剑叶的叶绿素含量和光合速率灌浆初期处理与对照无明显差异．但灌浆中后期明显比对照下降快．且籼型两系杂交稻比粳型两系杂交稻下降更快;根系活力在灌浆初期处理高于对照,灌浆中后期下降趋势与叶绿素和光合速率一致。干物质积累量处理低于对照．而茎鞘物质输出率和转换率都高于对照．成熟期茎、鞘中可用性糖的含量明显低于对照,说明水分胁迫处理加快了植株衰老,减少了抽穗后干物质积累,但促进了茎鞘储藏非结构性碳水化合物的输出。水分胁迫处理对稻米品质的影响表现为对出糙率、长宽比、糊化温度、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量无显著影响．精米率和整精米率表现因品种而异,垩白米率、垩白度和胶稠度均高于对照。     

水分胁迫对转ZmPP2C2基因烟草膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以转ZmPP2 C2基因烟草和非转基因烟草为材料(NC89),采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)处理,研究水分胁迫对转ZmPP2 C2基因烟草叶片膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:在15%PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫条件下,随着处理时间的延长,2种烟草叶片的相对电导度、MDA含量及POD活性都呈上升趋势。但转基因烟草相对电导度和MDA含量上升较非转基因烟草低,POD活性的增加明显高于非转基因烟草。胁迫10 d时与胁迫0 d相比,转基因烟草和非转基因烟草POD分别上升了483.54和212.38%,2种烟草SOD活性均表现为先上升后下降,但转基因烟草下降幅度小,且保持比较高的活性。试验结果说明,干旱胁迫下,转ZmPP2 C2基因烟草叶片具有较高的抗氧化酶活性,膜脂过氧化程度低于非转基因烟草。     

Determining the Influence of Water Deficiency on NPK Stress Discrimination in Maize using Spectral and Spatial Information

A necessary pre-requisite for variable rate application of plant nutrients to manage inputs in a site-specific manner is a technique to detect nutrient stresses in plants in real-time. Spectral reflectance of plant canopy may provide a non-destructive and rapid technique to detect nutrient and water stress in plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of water on nutrient stress discrimination (nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P; and potassium, K) based on the visible and near infrared reflectance of maize leaves grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The analysis of the spectral data indicated that it was challenging to detect the nutrient deficiencies if the plant water status was unknown. However, if a priori knowledge of water stress existed, such as a well-watered situation, the ability to discriminate nutrient stress improved significantly. The analysis of whole plant behaviour (i.e., mean reflectance data from all leaves within a plant) versus leaves located at a specific location within a plant indicated that knowledge of spatial location of leaves within a plant helped to identify N and P stress and NPK as a multi-stress condition more clearly.     

Influence of Soil Compaction and Drought on the Growth,Photosynthesis and Carbohydrates in Fugi/M.9EMLA Apple Plants

Greenhouse-grown 1-year-old potted M.9EMLA apple trees (Malus pumila Borkh) were subjected to the soil compaction and, after growing under compacted or non-compacted conditions for 6 weeks, were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for an additional six-week period. Soil compaction and drought stress significantly reduced plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area. Although drought significantly inhibited photosynthesis and transpiration, compaction only depressed transpiration. Furthermore, the effects of drought on plant growth, photosynthesis and transpiration were much greater than the effects of compaction. The rate of water loss from compacted plants was lower than the rate from non-compacted controls and this may explain the insignificant impact of compaction on photosynthesis. Sorbitol, glucose, and fructose concentrations increased over time during the drought stress period whereas sucrose concentration declined. In well-watered controls, sucrose concentration was much higher in leaves of compacted plants than in the leaves on non-compacted controls. For most of the sampling dates the leaf sorbitol concentration was lower in leaves on plants growing in compacted soil than in the leaves of those of the non-compacted controls. Although interactions between the effects of compaction and drought were highly significant for plant growth variables during the onset of drought, interactive effects on photosynthesis, transpiration, relative water content and carbohydrate variables were inconsistent. Compaction and drought both have major effects on apple plants and the interactions between these two stresses are complex.     

PEG诱导水分胁迫下喜旱莲子草的生理适应性

采用PEG-6000模拟水分胁迫处理外来入侵种喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera Philoxeroides)(Mart.)Griseb.)无性繁殖体,测定了5 d中叶片Chl、膜透性、可溶性蛋白含量、MDA含量及几种抗氧化酶活性,旨在探讨喜旱莲子草对不同强度胁迫的生理适应性机制.结果表明:-0.15 MPa PEG胁迫下Chl、膜透性、MDA含量变化很小;-0.30 MPa PEG胁迫下膜透性和MDA含量均小幅升高,Chl含量先升后降,-0.50 MPa PEG胁迫下,Chl含量呈下降趋势,膜透性和MDA含量在第5日达到峰值.可溶性蛋白含量在3种处理中均先升后降,但基本都维持在处理前水平之上.SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性在-0.15 MPa PEG胁迫下维持不变或略有上升,在-0.30 MPa和-0.50 MPa PEG胁迫下呈先升后降的变化趋势,但活性峰值出现在不同的处理时期,且降低后的各酶活性仍维持在一定水平上.实验表明,在低水分胁迫下,喜旱莲子草通过其体内活性氧清除系统活性的维持或升高来解除活性氧毒害,以保证活性氧的产生和猝灭处于动态平衡.即使是高渗透胁迫,喜旱莲子草通过抗氧化酶之间的相互协调在一定时期仍能维持活性氧代谢平衡,并阻止或减弱膜脂过氧化的伤害.但随着较高强度胁迫处理时间的增加,抗氧化酶活性降低,膜脂过氧化增加.     

不同抗旱性花生品种的根系形态发育及其对干旱胁迫的响应

为明确不同抗旱性花生品种的根系形态发育特征,探讨其根系形态发育特征对不同土壤水分状况的响应机制,在防雨棚旱池内进行土柱栽培试验,研究抗旱型品种"花育22号"、"唐科8号"和干旱敏感型品种"花育23号"3个不同抗旱性花生品种根系形态发育特征及其对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:抗旱型品种根系较发达,具有较大的根系生物量、总根长、总根系表面积。干旱胁迫使抗旱型品种根系总表面积和体积增加,而干旱敏感型品种则相反。干旱胁迫显著增加抗旱型品种"花育22号"20 cm以下土层内根长密度分布比例及根系表面积和体积,但"唐科8号" 相应根系性状仅在20-40 cm土层内增加;干旱胁迫使干旱敏感型品种"花育23号"40 cm以下土层内各根系性状升高,但未达显著水平且其深层土壤内各根系性状增加幅度小于"花育22号"。花生根系总长、总表面积及0-20 cm土层内根系性状与产量间呈显著或极显著正相关。土壤水分亏缺条件下,花生主要通过增加深层土壤内根长、根系表面积和体积等形态特性,优化空间分布构型,以调节植株对水分的利用。     

Mapping QTLs for stomatal density and size under drought stress in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Stomatal density and size affect plant water use efficiency, photosynthsis rate and yield. The objective of this study was to gain insights into the variation and genetic basis of stomatal density and size during grain filling under drought stress(DS) and well-watered(WW) conditions. The doubled haploid population derived from a cross of wheat cultivars Hanxuan 10(H10), a female parent, and Lumai 14(L14), a male parent, was used for phenotyping at the heading, flowering, and mid- and late grain filling stages along with established amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) and simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. The stomatal density of doubled haploid(DH) lines was gradually increased, while the stomatal lengths and widths were gradually decreased during grain filling stage. Twenty additive QTLs and 19 pairs of epistatic QTLs for the 3 traits were identified under DS. The other 20 QTLs and 25 pairs epistatic QTLs were obtained under WW. Most QTLs made more than 10% contributions to the total phenotypic variations at one growth stage under DS or WW. Furthermore, QTLs for stomatal density near Xwmc74 and Xgwm291 located on chromosome 5A were tightly linked to previously reported QTLs regulating total number of spikelets per spike, number of sterile spikelets per spike and proportion of fertile spikelets per spike. Qsw-2D-1 was detected across stages, and was in the same marker region as a major QTL for plant height, QPH.cgb-2D.1. These indicate that these QTLs on chromosomes 5A and 2D are involved in regulating these agronomic traits and are valuable for molecular breeding.     

9种冰草属牧草抗旱性评价

以9种冰草属牧草作为试验材料,研究干旱胁迫对9种冰草属牧草的细胞相对含水量及细胞膜相对透性的影响。结果表明,在干旱中期,叶片相对含水量的变幅加大,比初期含水量有所减少,维持在52.23%～79.50%之间,各种牧草之间差异显著(P<0.05);在干旱末期,叶片含水量的变幅明显加大,其含水量明显下降,维持在11.55%～65.44%之间,各种之间差异显著(P<0.05),抗旱性好的牧草维持较高的含水量,其含水量维持在60%以上。冰草属植物在受干旱胁迫后,相对电导率显著增加(P<0.05)。综合考虑认为,高冰草为测试草种中最为耐干旱的草种。     

Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass Bromus tectorum

We conducted 30- and 60-d greenhouse experiments to compare functional traits of Bromus tectorum (invasive annual grass) and four perennial bunchgrasses under well-watered or drought conditions. Even under drought, B. tectorum experienced significantly less stress (i.e., higher xylem pressure potential and greater shoot water content, water use per day and water-use efficiency) and biomass production than the perennial grasses after 30 d. However, after 60 d, its superiority was reduced under infrequent watering. Differences among perennial grasses were more pronounced for physiological traits under infrequent watering and for morphological traits under frequent watering. Elymus multisetus (fast-growing species) had a higher transpiration rate, lower leaf temperature, and lower water-use efficiency than the other grasses after 30 d. In contrast, Pseudoroegneria spicata (slow-growing) had lower xylem pressure potential and higher leaf temperature than all other grasses under infrequent watering. Under frequent watering, shoot dry mass and specific leaf area of B. tectorum was matched by Elymus wawawaiensis (moderate-growing species). Our results indicate that multiple-species plantings or seedings are necessary to foster greater weed resistance against B. tectorum. We also emphasize that when choosing plant material for restoration, performance during both pulse (resource-rich) and inter-pulse (resource-poor) periods should be considered.     

Evaluation and Quantitative Inheritance of Several Drought-Relative Traits in Maize

The authors evaluated 57 parental inbred lines of maize hybrids disseminated in Southwest China for drought tolerance under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions. Multiple regression analyses between drought tolerant coefficients of the grain yield per plant and 15 morphological and physiological traits measured from a subset of 12 selected lines, identified traits 1 and 5, which were important for drought tolerance, at the seedling and reproductive stages respectively. Gene effects, combining abilities, and heritabilities of these traits were estimated using generation mean and diallel cross methods. Dominance effect was more important than additive effect for the plant height, anthesis-silking interval （ASI）, root weight, and the grain yield per plant, whereas, they were about equal for the leaf emergence rate. The variances of special combining ability （SCA） were about double that of the general combining ability （GCA） for plant height, ASI and grain yield per plant, although they were about equal for leaf emergence rate and root weight. Narrow sense heritabilities of the five traits for the reproductive stage were not high （12.8-29.6%）, although broad sense heritabilities for plant height, ASI, and grain yield were as high as 70-85%. A segregating population consisting of 183 F2 plants from the cross N87-1 （drought tolerant） × 9526 （susceptible）, was genotyped at 103 SSR loci and the F2：4 families were evaluated under two water regimes. Twelve quantitative trait loci （QTLs） （two for plant height, five for ASI, four for root biomass, and one for grain yield） were identified, most of which had overdominant gene action. Some chromosomal regions, such as those linked to markers umcl051 （bin 4.08）, umc2881 （bin 4.03）, and phi034 （bin 7.02）, had overlapping QTLs.     

Ultrasonic Acoustic Emissions from Leaf Xylem of Potted Wheat Subject to a Soil Drought and Rewatering Cycle

Ultrasonic acoustic emissions （AEs） from leaf xylem of both water stressed and well watered potted winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） plants during drought and rewatering cycle were investigated with a ‘PCI-2 Based AE System＇ （Physical Acoustics Corp. New Jersey, USA） for estimation of leaf xylem cavitation and embolism. Very few AEs occurred in xylem of wheat leaves in well-watered plant, and also in plant subject to mild and moderate soil water stress conditions over the first 4 d of the drought cycle. Great amounts of AEs have occurred since d 5 of the drought cycle as plant showed obvious leaf curling, indicating significant cavitation in leaf xylem on plant exposed to severe soil water deficit. At this point, relative soil water content （RSWC） and leaf xylem pressure （ψ1） dropped to 24.0-26.5% and -1.92 MPa, respectively, with reductions in leaf stomatal conductance （gs）, leaf transpiration （Tr） and leaf CO2 assimilation rate （A） of as much as 69.8, 60.7 and 46.5%, respectively. The effect of soil water deficit was in the order gs 〉 Tr 〉 A 〉 AE. Waveform physical property parameters such as amplitude, counts, rise time, duration, absolute energy and signal strength were analyzed. These parameters varied within very broad ranges, with frequency distribution of most parameters being well fitted by the exponential function y = yo- A exp （-x/t）. The proportion of stronger AE signals rose as soil dehydrated. While AEs occurrence in water stressed plant remained higher than in well-watered control at the following day after rewatering, waveform signal strength and related physical property parameters dropped immediately to that of control. Difference in AEs occurrence characterization between field-grown and potted wheat leaves was discussed.     

水分胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对紫穗槐生长和抗旱性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了水分胁迫下接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对紫穗槐生长和抗旱性的影响。结果表明:不同 水分条件下,接种植株的株高、根系活力、地上和地下干质量高于对照;水分胁迫下菌根侵染率显著高于正常供水 下菌根侵染率;接种AMF 可以显著增加不同胁迫时期叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的积累,尤其到胁迫后 期,中度胁迫和重度胁迫下接种植株脯氨酸含量大幅升高;接种AMF 可以显著提高抗氧化酶活性,并且使其维持 在一个较高水平。随着土壤相对含水量下降,Fv / Fm 降低,接种植株始终高于对照;随着水分胁迫时间的延长, ETR、qL 在中期下降,对照植株后期不能回升到原有水平,而接种植株可以恢复到接近前期水平;不同水分条件下, 接种植株NPQ 始终低于对照。研究表明:干旱条件下,接种AMF 可以稳定叶绿素荧光参数,并且通过提高根系活 力、植株体内渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶的活性来促进紫穗槐生长,提高抗旱性。      

Crop water status assessment in controlled environment using crop reflectance and temperature measurements

Crop water status is an important parameter for plant growth and yield performance in greenhouses. Thus, early detection of water stress is essential for efficient crop management. The dynamic response of plants to changes of their environment is called ‘speaking plant’ and multisensory platforms for remote sensing measurements offer the possibility to monitor in real-time the crop health status without affecting the crop and environmental conditions. Therefore, aim of this work was to use crop reflectance and temperature measurements acquired remotely for crop water status assessment. Two different irrigation treatments were imposed in tomato plants grown in slabs filed with perlite, namely tomato plants under no irrigation for a certain period; and well-watered plants. The plants were grown in a controlled growth chamber and measurements were carried out during August and September of 2014. Crop reflectance measurements were carried out by two types of sensors: (i) a multispectral camera measuring the radiation reflected in three spectral bands centred between 590–680, 690–830 and 830–1000 nm regions, and (ii) a spectroradiometer measuring the leaf reflected radiation from 350 to 2500 nm. Based on the above measurements several crop indices were calculated. The results showed that crop reflectance increased due to water deficit with the detected reflectance increase being significant about 8 h following irrigation withholding. The results of a first derivative analysis on the reflectance data showed that the spectral regions centred at 490–510, 530–560, 660–670 and 730–760 nm could be used for crop status monitoring. In addition, the results of the present study point out that sphotochemical reflectance index, modified red simple ratio index and modified ratio normalized difference vegetation index could be used as an indicator of plant water stress, since their values were correlated well with the substrate water content and the crop water stress index; the last being extensively used for crop water status assessment in greenhouses and open field. Thus, it could be concluded that reflectance and crop temperature measurements might be combined to provide alarm signals when crop water status reaches critical levels for optimal plant growth.     

Drought-Induced Changes in Xylem Sap pH,ABA and Stomatal Conductance

Upstream signals potentially regulating evaporation and stomatal conductance were investigated using 6-8-leaf-old maize(Zea may L.)seedlings which were grown in a greenhouse.Pressure chamber was used to measure leaf water potential and to collect xylem sap.The pH of xylem sap in stems was higher than that in root,and the abscisic acid(ABA)concentration in stems was the highest in well-watered seedlings.The ABA concentration and pH of xylem sap in roots,stems and leaves increased,and the ABA concentration in leaves reached the maximum during drought stress.The treatment of roots with exogenous ABA solution(100 μmol L-1)increased xylem sap ABA concentration in all organs measured,and induced stomatal closure,but did not change ABA distribution among organs of maize seedlings.The combined effects of external pH buffer on pH,ABA of xylem sap and stomatal behavior indicated that pH,as a root-source signal to leaves under drought stress,regulated stomatal closure through accumulating ABA in leaves or guard cells.     

水分胁迫下3个旱地小麦品种幼苗光合作用的比较研究

 水分胁迫下,抗旱品种云麦29、祥云爬地麦净光合速率高于干旱敏感品种科拜,其净光合速率差异达极显著水平(F测验P=0.01),云麦29、祥云爬地麦、科拜的临界水势值分别为-14.3,-13.3,-12.6(bar),随着水分胁迫加剧,各品种幼苗叶片明显地积累蔗糖,积累量的顺序是科拜>祥云爬地麦>云麦29。科拜与云麦29、祥云爬地麦蔗糖积累之差异达极显著水平,而云麦29、祥云爬地麦之间差异不显著,蔗糖积累与各品种抗旱性呈相反趋势,水分胁迫下,果糖、葡萄糖变化大致与各品种净光合速率相一致。