共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 562 毫秒
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采用沙地土壤定位研究方法,系统地研究了毛乌素沙地土壤的水分特性及SPAC(土壤-植物-大气连续体)中水势的变化规律。结果表明:(1)经验方程θ=AS^-B对该地区的土壤水分特征曲线有良好的模拟性,该区土壤的水分特性为:持水量低,供水力小,耐旱性差;(2)水分从树叶扩散到大气中的阻力是土壤-植物-大气连续体中水分传输的主要阻力,土壤水势的变化受降雨、土壤蒸发和林木蒸腾的共同影响,林地的土壤水分表现出明显的季节性变化,树木的叶水势日变化呈明显的单峰曲线,树木受到水分胁迫时水势最低值出现的时间前移,大气水势、土壤水势与叶水势之间均具有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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采用沙地土壤定位研究方法,系统地研究了毛乌素沙地土壤的水分特性及SPAC(土壤-植物-大气连续体)中水势的变化规律.结果表明(1)经验方程θ=AS-B对该地区的土壤水分特征曲线有良好的模拟性,该区土壤的水分特性为持水量低,供水力小,耐旱性差;(2)水分从树叶扩散到大气中的阻力是土壤-植物-大气连续体中水分传输的主要阻力,土壤水势的变化受降雨、土壤蒸发和林木蒸腾的共同影响,林地的土壤水分表现出明显的季节性变化,树木的叶水势日变化呈明显的单峰曲线,树木受到水分胁迫时水势最低值出现的时间前移,大气水势、土壤水势与叶水势之间均具有一定的相关性. 相似文献
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不同林地土壤水分入渗和入渗模拟的研究 总被引:31,自引:4,他引:31
由达西定理和能量守恒原理推导了土壤水分入渗的数学模型,水平土柱法实测了模型中的基本运动参数;土壤水分扩散率D(θ),推求了土壤汾非饱和导水率K(θ),经过计算机用有限差分法模拟了六块不同林地的土壤水分入渗过程,实地试验检验了模拟结果。结果表明计算的累积人渗量和人渗率与实侧值非常一致。经过模拟结果绘制的入渗时水分随时间变化的剖面图,形象地反映了不同林地的土壤水分在的全过程。 相似文献
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文章以黄土半干旱区的主要经济树种核桃为研究对象,研究了核桃苗木在不同土壤水分条件下蒸腾速率与外界因子(光照和水分)和内部因子(叶水势和气孔阻力)之间的关系,建立蒸腾速率与各因子之间的关系方程。研究结果表明,在土壤含水量临近15%时,蒸腾速率主要受土壤水分的影响,因此,可考虑在此范围对蒸腾速率进行调控,以提高林木的水分利用效率。 相似文献
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指出了土壤水分是影响地表径流产生重要因素之一 ,研究土壤水分在土壤中的分布、土壤水分动态变化规律以及影响土壤水分变化的因子 ,对林地的生态环境保护具有重要意义.土壤水分的分布受空间和时间的影响 ,不仅如此 ,土壤水分动态变化和分布规律还受到诸如气象因子、地形因子、地形利用因子、人为活动等因子的影响.这些影响因素都导致了土壤水分动态变化在空间和时间上的差异 ,从而导致了林地降雨-产流的差异.因此 ,深入研究影响土壤水分变化的各种因素 ,以及研究各种因素对土壤水分动态变化的作用规律 ,一方面能够为降雨-地表径流的发生规律提供参考 ,另一方面为保护林地植被生长提供了重要的条件. 相似文献
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半干旱地区柠条生产力与土壤养分及水分相关性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择不同坡向完整坡面成熟柠条林作为研究对象,2012~2015年连续对土壤水分、土壤养分、地上生物量和根系生物量进行测定,并开展了其生产力与土壤养分,土壤水分与土壤养分及土壤水分与生产力的相关分析。结果表明:土壤养分对柠条林的地上生物量影响不显著,水分作为当地柠条生长的瓶颈因子,大大降低了土壤养分对柠条的影响程度;新梢生长量与当年土壤水分含水量显著相关,而作为反应自然水分环境的立地条件是柠条林长期生产力水平主要影响因子;柠条地下生物量在垂直方向上的分布与其剖面土壤水分变化趋势关系密切,并且相关性存在根径越细相关性越显著的特征。 相似文献
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采用EnviroSMART土壤水分定位监测系统于2008-05-14至2008-10-11及2009-05-05至2009-08-05对晋西黄土区刺槐人工林、油松人工林(水平条整地)、天然次生林0~150cm土层的土壤水分进行实时监测。以这些监测数据为基础,分析SWUF模型参数的敏感性,进行参数率定,验证SWUF模型在晋西黄土高原水土保持林地的适用性。结果表明:SWUF模型中的蒸发参数、产流参数、非饱和水流参数属于高度敏感性参数,使用SWUF时必须对这些参数进行率定;SWUF模型对刺槐人工林20~150cm各土层、油松人工林和次生林0~150cm各土层土壤水分动态模拟效果较好,模拟值与实测值相对误差在20%以内;SWUF适用于模拟油松人工林和天然次生林各土层每日土壤含水量,也能够比较充分地模拟3种林地不同深度土壤层土壤水分的日变化趋势,但在模拟耗水量大的刺槐林表层土壤水分方面还需要改进。 相似文献
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Katsushige Shiraki Yoshiki Shinomiya Hirofumi Shibano 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(6):439-447
Numerical experiments of soil water movement and bedrock infiltration based on a simplified simulation method were conducted
to analyze watershed-scale rainfall-runoff processes. To verify the model accuracy, it was applied to a Minamitani watershed
(0.45 ha). The simulation was performed with 2.5-m space grids horizontally and five cells vertically. Results of long-term
calculation of this model proved that this simulation model is robust and demonstrated good computational water mass conservation.
Calculation results showed the best agreement with observed hydrographs and the number of groundwater levels simultaneously
when laboratory-tested soil hydraulic characteristics for topsoil were used and infiltration into bedrock was included in
numerical calculations. Numerical experiments show that bedrock infiltration generated a stable base flow and suppressed the
secondary discharge peak. The reproducibility achieved by observed soil hydraulic characteristics with the assumption of bedrock
flow demonstrates the effectiveness of the simulation model used in this article for analyses of watershed-scale soil water
movements. 相似文献
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本文以森林状态作为流域系统的主要特征,描述了森林水文作用的动态过程,推导出了流域系统水文动态平衡方程和水文作用方程,以及林冠持水过程、土壤渗透过程、地表径流形成过程、流域天然蓄水及释放过程和地下水输出等在时间和空间变化中的数学模型.为便于计算机数据处理,对上述连续过程模型进行了离散化处理.并进行了数字仿真,对不同时期的水文特征值和森林状态进行了比较和评价,得出了森林调节水文,涵养水源的定量结论. 相似文献
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采用森林水文学研究方法,对九仙山小流域不同植物群落的土壤水分贮存与入渗特征进行研究。结果表明:1)森林群落具有显著提高林地土壤孔隙度、土壤贮水量和土壤入渗速率的作用,其中麻栎林要好于侧柏林、刺槐林、杨树林,而枣树林最差;2)有林地的土壤入渗率明显高于荒草坡地,说明不同森林群落具有改善土壤入渗性能的作用。其中侧柏林提高土壤入渗速率的幅度最高,随后是麻栎林、刺槐林、杨树林,最差的是枣树林;3)Horton模型比较适用于模拟研究区的土壤入渗过程,但通用幂函数模型和Philip模型的适用性较差。 相似文献
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We studied infiltration and fractal mechanisms on sloping farmlands in a small watershed in Shandong Province in the rocky mountain areas of northern China.We studied soil fraction and soil water retention curves,and developed a soil infiltration model to analyze its quantitative relationship with soil particle size and pore dimensions under four types of land use,including sloping farmland,abandoned land,natural forest,and forest plantation(Malus pumila,Crataegus pinnatifida).Soil stability infiltration rate ranked as sloping farmland>abandoned land>natural forest>forest plantation.The sequence of soil particle size and pore dimension ranked as natural forest>forest plantation>abandoned land>sloping farmland.There were significant positive correlations between soil particle size and pore dimension,and both were positively correlated with the percent volume of silt and clay.They were negatively correlated with soil infiltration rate.The Horton model and the power function model were more suitable for simulating soil infiltration and the infiltration rate.We concluded that the soil in this area displayed typical fragments of rocky mountainous regions due to the loss of silt and clay caused by cultivation on sloping farmland.The uniformity and fractal dimensions of soil particle sizes and pore distribution decreased,thereby enhancing soil infiltration capacity and decreasing soil water retention capacity. 相似文献
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近代土壤水分运动的研究已引入土壤(S)—植物(P)—大气(A)连续系统的观点和以力学、分子动力学和热力学原理为基础的能量概念。遵循这些观点,以内蒙古林学院教学苗圃内北京杨(Populus beijingensis Hsu)苗木群体与其环境所构成的SPAC系统为对象,根据均质非饱和土壤的一维流动基本方程,考虑植物蒸腾和土壤表面蒸发过程,在确定了一些参数和函数关系的基础上,用BASIC语言编制程序在ALPHA计算机上模拟了该系统中土壤水分的运动。研究结果表明,预测与实测数据吻合较好,相对误差多在5%以下,其中最大的也不超过8%。 相似文献
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Alley cropping systems may influence soil water movement and the water budget because of its complex interactions between
crop and tree rooting systems. The objective of this paper was to evaluate water balance and water competition in an alley
cropping system, consisting of deciduous tree wild jujube (Choerospondias axillaris) and economic crop peanut (Arachis hypogaea) within subtropical China. Five treatments (20- by 6-m plots) with three replications were included in this study. The treatments
were monoculture peanut cropping (P), monoculture younger trees (T1), monoculture older trees (T2), peanut intercropped with
younger trees (T1P), and peanut intercropped with older trees (T2P). A multi-layered water balance model, with water movement
between soil layers, was implemented by the measurement of soil water potential using sets of tensiometers during the periods
from March 1999 to December 2002. The spatial and temporal variations of soil water regime indicated that the trees used soil
water below the 60-cm soil depth and alleviated the water stress. The direction of soil water movement indicated that soil
water moved to the tree row, which indicated that trees competed with peanuts for water, especially during the seasonal drought
period. Water competition was related to the tree spacing and tree age. Compared to the tree monoculture systems, the alley
cropping system significantly influenced water budget components and water use patterns, as indicated by the increased evapotranspiration
(6–11%), and decreased net drainage (7–45%), water storage (6–29%), and runoff (50–60%). Furthermore, alley cropping systems
encouraged the rapid growth of trees, and depressed the biomass and yield of peanuts by 20–50% associated with tree shading
effects. The results suggest that competition for water and light must be taken into account when optimizing the alley cropping
system. 相似文献