Damage characteristics of three boring pests in Artemisia ordosica

The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae of H. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome of A. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. tordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter of the same year. However, Adosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition.     

沙蒿尖翅吉丁幼虫危害特性和空间格局研究

油蒿(Artemisia ordosica Krasch.)为菊科蒿属半灌木,具有耐旱、耐瘠薄、抗风蚀、喜沙埋、结实丰富、采种容易、生长迅速、固沙作用强等特点,是我国重要的荒漠灌木林植物,在荒漠化防治中具有特殊的重要作用。近年来,由于生态环境的改变,灾害性天气频发,我国内蒙古、宁夏、陕西等地的油蒿灌丛内     

内蒙古阿拉善左旗沙蒿尖翅吉丁生物学特性初步研究

沙蒿尖翅吉丁为沙蒿的一种毁灭性蛀干害虫,寄主为白沙蒿,在阿拉善左旗一年一代,以幼虫在浅层木质部蛀建蛀道越冬,第2年4月开始化蛹.5月底到7月底为成虫期和卵期,为防治适期.     

思茅松梢斑螟形态特征及生物学特性研究

思茅松梢斑螟为思茅松新记录害虫,是一种具有严重危害性的森林枝梢害虫.2007～2009年,在云南省普洱市通过对思茅松梢斑螟的地理分布、危害情况进行调查,并在室内对思茅松梢斑螟的形态特征、生物学特性进行观察.结果表明,思茅松梢斑螟在普洱市分布范围广,主要分布于海拔700～1 800 m;思茅松的被害株率为31.90％～98.82％,枝梢被害率为25.49％～32.33％.成虫寿命9.3天,每次产卵1～3粒,1年发生3代,世代重叠现象严重;2月上旬到11月中旬为幼虫主要危害期.     

铁杉大痣小蜂生物学特性研究

铁杉大痣小蜂（Megastigmus sp．）隶属膜翅目Hymenoptera细腰亚目Apocrita长尾小蜂科Torymidae大痣小蜂属Megastigmus,在云南省主要分布于丽江市、维西县。通过野外调查和标本采集,并结合室内饲养观察,对其生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明该虫在丽江1年发生1代,完全在种子内取食、发育。     

卵叶小蜡叶蜂的初步研究

卵叶小蜡叶蜂是卵叶小蜡和女贞的重要害虫之一 ,在福建晋江 1a发生 2代 ,以老熟幼虫在土中土茧内越冬。卵单产于叶背边缘 ,幼虫取食嫩叶 ,可吃尽嫩梢 ,甚至整枝条 ,影响卵叶小蜡等植物的观赏价值。在室内对 2～ 5龄幼虫喷洒 40 %乐果乳油 2 0 0 0倍液或 30 0 0倍液、80 %敌敌畏乳油 2 0 0 0倍液或 30 0 0倍液、90 %敌百虫晶体的 10 0 0倍液或 12 0 0倍液均能获得良好的防治效果 (死亡率达 82 5 %～ 95 % )。     

Electroantennogram responses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Adosomus</Emphasis> sp. to volatile components from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia ordosica</Emphasis>

Adosomus sp.eats the leaves and oviposits on the stems of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.Based on an analytical PTI-GC/MS method, 21 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the leaves of A.ordosica were identified.The major operating equipment con-sisted of a DB-5 column (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm) and a flame ionization detector (FID).The amounts of the components from VOCs were determined by a peak area normalization method and 17 VOC components were identified by PTI-GC/MS.The elec-troantennogram (EAG) responses of...     

小果垂枝柏大痣小蜂的生物学特性观察

对小果垂枝柏大痣小蜂的主要生物学特性进行观察研究,结果表明:小果垂枝柏大痣小蜂在云南省曲靖地区1 a发生1代,以幼虫越冬,翌年4月中旬开始化蛹;6月中旬开始羽化,6月下旬为羽化盛期;成虫产卵于当年生幼嫩小球果种子内,卵于6月中旬开始孵化;幼虫在种子内取食约10个月并随种子同步发育,一生仅取食1粒种子,无转移危害习性。成虫在上午6∶00—9∶00和下午12∶00—15∶00羽化最多,雌雄性比为0.9∶1,雌虫平均寿命为7.1 d,雄虫平均寿命为5.2 d。     

3种虫道真菌对光滑足距小蠹生长发育和繁殖的影响

1836年,Schmidberger首次发现蛀木质部小蠹是以坑道壁上排列的栅栏状物为食,由于弄不明白这些栅栏状物为何物,便将它们称为ambrosia,意为神的食物(Fisher et al.,1953;1954;Schmidberger,1836)。1844年,Hartig明确了被北方材小蠹(Xyleborus dispar)幼虫取食的栅栏状物是丛梗孢属(Monilia)的一种真菌(Batra,1967)。此后,ambrosia fungi,即虫道真菌,便被广泛用于对生长在坑道中、为蠹虫所取食的真菌之称,而将在木     

李实蜂在河北地区发生特点的研究

１９９８、１９９９年在易县解村要场、西陵林场、中独乐村,对 蜂的发生特点进行了调查和研究。结果表明,李实蜂在河北易县４月初为羽化高蜂,和李树盛花期相吻合;第１代幼虫于５月下旬脱果。不同品种、树膛内外,李实蜂的为害程度有极显著差异;而不同方向不同高度的为害程度则无明显差异;幼虫的空间分布型为随机分布。根据研究结果和李实蜂发生太,提出在全省李树新品种推广区加强监测和治理的原则建议。     

浙江上虞杨树病虫害种类调查

采用普查和重点调查相结合的方法,对浙江省上虞市海涂杨树防护林病虫害种类和为害程度进行了较为系统的调查,收录杨树虫害41种,分别隶属4目21科,病害8种。收集浸渍幼虫标本30余件,针插标本近300件,其中包括了杨树的主要害虫。并且对绝大部分标本在收集的第一现场进行了摄影记录。     

利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫

对樟子松种实害虫及天敌曲姬蜂调查研究表明,球果象甲被害率在20%～40%左右,虫口密度为每果2～6头不等,棘梢斑螟有虫株率为26%,球果被害率为12%,虫口密度为每果1～2头不等,曲姬蜂的寄生率平均为25.4%,利用曲姬蜂生物防治樟子松种实害虫效果非常显著。     

棕榈弄蝶生物学特性及防治研究

棕榈弄蝶(Erionota sp.)是我县近年来新发生的一种害虫,大量发生时,可将棕叶大部或全部吃光,仅留叶脉,导致棕榈枯死。1988～1990年,安化县由于该虫暴发成灾,造成50多万元经济损失,严重影响了棕榈生产和广大农民发展棕榈生产的积极性。为摸清该虫的生物学特性,提供有效的防治方法,我们于1989年5月至1990年12月,对棕榈弄蝶进行了研究。现将研究结果报道如下。     

樟子松木蠹象生物学特性的研究

樟子松木蠹象主要危害樟子松枝和主干。在长春地区，1a发生一代，以成虫在枯枝落叶层下浅土层内和树皮裂缝内越冬。第2年4月下旬越冬成虫开始活动，5月中旬开始产卵，高峰期5月下旬；孵化高峰期为6月上旬；6月下旬化蛹，高峰期为7月上旬；7月上旬羽化，高峰期为7月中旬。卵期平均14d，幼虫期平均34d，蛹期平均12d，成虫期长达300～330d；幼虫分6个龄期。     

中国红树林的害虫种类及其综合防治

通过查阅文献资料,共统计中国红树林害虫128种,隶属2纲7目55科,其中以鳞翅目、半翅目昆虫为主,分别占总数的52.4%和26.6%。危害无瓣海桑Sonneratia apetala、桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum、秋茄Kandelia obovata、白骨壤Avicennia marina、海桑Sonneratia caseolaris的害虫分别有45种、45种、37种、32种和20种。广东红树林害虫种类最多,共95种;广西其次,49种。鳞翅目害虫主要包括海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp.、桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick、棉古毒蛾Orgyia postica Walker、蜡彩袋蛾Chalia larminati Heylaerts、丽绿刺蛾Latoia lepida Cramer等,多以幼虫取食为害;半翅目害虫主要有考氏白盾蚧Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli(Cooley)、广翅蜡蝉Ricania sp.等,以幼虫、成虫吸食植物汁液为害。在害虫的综合防治中,以生物防治为主,如利用寄生蜂、苏云金杆菌、白僵菌、捕食性天敌和生物制剂等进行防治,结合物理防治可以提升防治效果。同时,探讨分析了红树林虫害暴发的原因和机制。     

A STUDY ON THE WINTER HARDINESS AND THE ENERGY RESOURCES OF OVERWINTERING OF SCAMBUS SP

MATERIALSANDMETHoDSSourcesofInsectsScambuslarvaeusedinthisstudywerecol-lectedinHonghuaeriiForestBureauofIn-nerMongolia.MethodsofExperimentUndercoolingpointofthelarvabodyofScambuswasmeasuredwithBC-2undercoolingpointtestereverymonth,tak-ingthe'averagevalueofeachmonth.ThetemperatureofhabitatsofScambuslarvaewasrecorded,takingthemonthlyaveragevalueoftheminimumtemperature.Mois-turecontent,freewaterandcombinedwat-ercontentswereobtainedbytakingthedeferencesofnaturalweightsofthelarvabody,th…     

Characterization of larval instars of artemisia weevil,Adosomus sp.

The artemisia weevil,Adosomus sp.,has become an important wormwood(Artemisia ordosoca and A.sphaerocephala) pest in recent years in Ningxia Province,China.The number of larval instars should be determined before further studies on its life history,biology and integrate management of pest(IMP).In this study,we measured the length and width of head capsule,based on frequency histograms and Dyar's law,from which we concluded that the larvae of Adosomus sp.have four instars.Of the two vari-ables measured,the wi...     

西双版纳热带雨林聚果榕小蜂季节性变化规律

聚果榕是西双版纳热带雨林生态系统中的一个优势树种。聚果榕和它的传粉媒介昆虫聚果榕小是一种高度协同进化,互相依赖才能繁殖各自后代,互惠共生的生物。聚果榕必须依靠聚果榕小蜂的传粉才能获得有性繁殖;而聚果榕小蜂又必须依赖聚果榕的短柱头雌花作为繁殖后代的场所,才能获得种群的繁衍。研究结果表明,聚果榕小蜂的种群随季节变化而变化,雨季种群数量高,干季种群数量低,但进入同一榕果内繁殖产卵的雌蜂数量则相反,雨季数     

利用蒲螨和管氏肿腿蜂防治双条杉天牛幼虫

Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani were used to control the larvae of Semanotus bifasciatus. The results as follows: (1) the suitable control time of Pyemotes sp.was from early April to early May. The reason was that in this time, the larvae of S. bifasciatus were young and not bored into xylem that was so easy to be parasitized by Pyemotes sp. With the parasitic rate 80% in average. Indoor experiment showed that the Pyemotes sp. had the same tropism selection to every instar for the host, but the parasitic rate was higher in low instar than other instars.(2)Using Scleroderma guani to control S. bjfasciatus, the suitable time was from mid May to mid June, the optimal ratio of host and parasite was 1∶ 1. Indoor experiment showed that Scleroderma guani had strong tropism toward middle-aged and elder larvae, the parasite linger around them and choose suitable position on hosts where they could lay eggs successfully. This behavior showed that Scleroderma guani had strict selectivity for their hosts. In experiment, the authors found a phenomenon that in one trap wood, both the Pyemotes sp. and Scleroderma guani could be found at the same time, they themselves did not affect each other and otherwise they could increase the parasitic rate for host. So, the authors suggested that in practice to control pests especially for boring pests, the Scleroderma guani and Pyemotes sp could be used at the same time.     

核桃害虫研究进展

云斑天牛、核桃举肢蛾和核桃长足象是核桃产区普遍发生、危害严重的3种主要害虫,笔者在具体介绍这3种害虫的分布、危害和有关生物学特性的基础上,重点论述了其防治方面的研究进展。