The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cataract in the dog

Cataract is a common eye condition in the dog, classified in several ways and with a varied aetiology. The clinical appearance of hereditary cataract is described in the Boston Terrier, Miniature Schnauzer, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Large Munsterlander, English Cocker Spaniel, American Cocker Spaniel, Afghan Hound, Welsh Springer Spaniel, German Shepherd Dog, Standard Poodle. Cataracts secondary to other eye diseases, both hereditary and non-hereditary, and to systemic conditions are also discussed, as well as the differential diagnosis of cataract.     

The accuracy of intraoperative cytopathological diagnosis compared with conventional histopathological diagnosis

To determine the accuracy of intraoperative cytopathological diagnosis compared with conventional histopathological diagnosis, the authors obtained 100 specimens from masses of various organ systems chosen randomly from 65 dogs, 30 cats, and five exotic animals. Of the 100 specimens, a specific diagnosis was obtained in 42%, the correct pathological process (i.e., mesenchymal neoplasia, epithelial neoplasia, round cell neoplasia, or inflammation) was identified in 41%, in 1% the diagnosis was deferred, and in 16% an incorrect diagnosis was obtained. The overall accuracy rate of intraoperative cytopathological examination was 83%, which increased to 90% by the exclusion of splenic masses. The accuracy rate of diagnosing neoplasia was 87%, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 100%. Intraoperative cytopathological examination is an accurate diagnostic method with good sensitivity and specificity for the identification of neoplasia.     

副猪嗜血杆菌病的实验室诊断

当养猪场出现特征性临床症状并在仔猪上观察到病理性损伤时(临床症状参照"临床和病理诊断"章节),应怀疑发生了副猪嗜血杆菌感染,此病的确诊必     

Laboratory diagnosis

Diagnosis of internal parasitism is based on many factors, including clinical signs, case histories of individual animals and the herds of which they are a part, and, finally, specific laboratory findings. Laboratory methods used can be divided into those associated with the qualitative and quantitative examination of feces for parasite eggs, larvae, and oocysts, and laboratory findings on changes in physiologic status of individuals that may be produced by specific parasites.     

Laboratory diagnosis of malassimilation

In many instances, the cause for malassimilation can be determined with ease, but finding the cause sometimes can be elusive and require the use of sophisticated laboratory techniques not available to the general veterinary practitioner. In either case, the clinician, whether generalist or specialist, must make an informed decision based on the results of many different testing modalities, and not only on the results of the laboratory tests described here. A flow chart is provided to assist the diagnostician in selecting and applying the more clinically oriented laboratory tests useful in dealing with a patient with chronic diarrhea and weight loss.     

Serological diagnosis of fascioliasis

Antibodies against Fasciola hepatica were detected in sera from experimentally infected sheep and calves. Titres in sera from field-infected sheep were related to fluke burdens. Indirect haemagglutination, counter-immunoelectrophoresis and double immunodiffusion were compared. Indirect haemagglutination and counter-immunoelectrophoresis were superior to double immunodiffusion and positive reactions in these techniques preceded the presence of parasite eggs in the faeces by at least 50 days. The relative advantages of the immunological techniques are discussed.     

Serological diagnosis of brucellosis

Extract

As the incidence of brucellosis is being reduced in many countries throughout the world, import requirements are becoming more stringent. Pressure is being applied in certain countries to establish regulations that will permit the import of cattle and meat products from brucellosis-free areas only. Countries such as New Zealand that have an important export trade in meat should be ready to comply with these import regulations when they come into effect. It is with this in mind that the New Zealand Department of Agriculture is undertaking a more extensive brucellosis control programme in the near future.