利用ISSR分子标记分析44份红麻种质资源的遗传多样性(英文)

[Objective] This study was to reveal the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) resources from different origins, thus providing basis for genetic improvement and molecular marker-assisted breeding of kenaf. [Method] Ninety one ISSR molecular markers were used for amplification on 44 shares of kenaf germplasm resources, of which 21 showing good diversity and clear bands were chosen for PCR amplification. Based on amplification results, the genetic similarity coefficients among kenaf germplasm resources were calculated by using analytic software NTSYSpc-2.10e, and phylogenetic tree was then established via UPGMA. [Result] Totally 169 bands were amplified using the 21 screened primers, averagely 8.05 bands were amplified from each primer. Of them, 141 bands were polymorphic, accounting for 83.4%. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.887 was used as criterion L1, these 44 shares of kenaf germplasm could be classified to be 32 shares of cultivars and 12 shares of wild type or half-wild type varieties. When genetic similarity coefficient 0.897 was used as criterion L2, these 32 shares of cultivars could be further grouped into four sub-clusters. The genetic diversities between cultivars and wild type or half-wild type varieties were between 0.46-0.91, showing huge hereditary difference; while that among 32 cultivars were between 0.85-0.97, suggesting that genetic relationships among cultivars are relatively close and their genetic similarities are rather narrow. [Conclusion] ISSR could well determine the genetic similarities among kenaf germplasm resources and provide valuable molecular information for selecting parents of hybrid cross, which can lay a good foundation for DNA mapping of kenaf germplasm resources.     

Genetic Analysis of Distorted Segregation Ratio of Mating Types Among Basidiospores in Lentinula edodes

This study prepared 17 strains of Lentinula edodes, including wild and cultivated strains as materials, and statistically analyzed the ratios of spores from different aspects via mating types＇ analysis and the OWE-SOJ technique. The results from this study first systematically identified skewed expected distribution of mating-type factors segregation in Lentinula edodes spores has commonly statistical meanings in wild and cultivated strains. Genetic analysis of positive and negative parental-recombined fruiting showed that the nuclear type of F1 progeny spores among those strains segregated through theoretical distribution mainly depended on the combined state of parental dikaryons, and the predominant spores were those with the mating type identical to the dikaryotic parent, indicating that the genetic basis of segregation distortion of spores is different from that of protoplast monokaryons in which the B factor takes predominant responsibility for that phenomenon, and it cooperates A factor with B factor to influence the ratio of spores.     

中国西北内陆干旱区大叶白麻野生居群遗传多样性研究(英文)

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei’s gene diversity index(H),Shannon’s information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

中国西北内陆干旱区大叶白麻野生居群遗传多样性研究(英文)

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei's gene diversity index(H),Shannon's information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

Genetic Diversity in Wild Populations of Poacynum hendersonii from Inland Arid Regions of Northwest China

[Objective] Study on the genetic diversity in wild populations of Poacynum hendersonii.[Method] Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was employed to analyze the genetic diversity in five wild populations of P.hendersonii sampled from Xinjiang,Gansu and Qinghai provinces.[Result] Totally 165 clear and repeatable bands were generated in RAPD reaction by using 20 primers screened from 80 primers,of which 110 were polymorphic,accounting for 66.67%.At species level,Nei's gene diversity index(H),Shannon's information index(I)and genetic differentiation coefficient(Gst)were 0.220 5,0.304 7 and 0.908 2,respectively.P.hendersonii germplasm resources share a high level of genetic diversity,and genetic differentiation mainly exists among the populations.Results from genetic distances and cluster analysis showed that relationships among P.hendersonii populations were to some extent related with their geographical and climatic characters.[Conclusion] This study suggests that the conservation of P.hendersonii should focus on the protection of many populations,particularly the Qinghai population.     

稻种资源低温贮藏生活力跟踪监测与种质更新（英文）

53 rice germplasm resources warehoused during 1981-1984 were regarded as materials to monitor the viability at warehouse time and different years after warehoused.The results showed that seed germination rates of different rice germplasm resources assumed descending trend in storage,with annual decreasing rate between 0.12%-3.05%;the seed germination rates of most cultivars were above 75% after stored for 26 years;forecasting analysis based on the germination rate of 75% as reference showed a huge difference of safe storage life for different rice germplasm resources,ranging from 12 to 50 years,even longer time.The results suggest that track monitoring on viability and regeneration of rice cultivars is of great importance for germplasm resources conservation.     

Genetic Evolution Analysis on Wild Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus Originated in China Based on Coat Protein Genes Sequences

The coat protein （CP） genes were cloned and sequenced from viral particles of 11 isolates of citrus tristeza virus （CTV） collected from wild citrus plants in China and 4 Chinese isolates from cultivated sweet orange and pummelo varieties, respectively. By analyzing and comparing the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of CP genes, the 11 wild CTV isolates were found over 92% identical with 4 Chinese CTV isolates and 21 exotic CTV isolates from cultivated citrus. From 91 to 100% of the CTV CP gene sequences in wild type citrus plants were generally well conserved. Genetic evolution analysis indicated that the GC% of the CP gene was less than AT%, and more transition were found in the CP genes than transversion with the transition/transversion ratio ranging from 6.3 to 7.0 among species. The substitution frequency was the highest at the third codon, followed by the first and second codon. The ratio of non-synonymous mutations （du） to synonymous mutations （ds） was far lower than 1, suggesting that the CP gene might have experienced purifying selection in the evolution. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 11 CTV isolates in Chinese wild type citrus belonged to different phylogenetic clusters, and shared higher homology and closer relationships with other cultivated citrus CTV isolates from different countries, which indicated complicated genetic relationships among the CTV isolates. In addition, CTV isolates with similar biological characteristics usually located into the same clusters. Therefore, the conclusion was drawn that pathogenicity was critical to evolution and origin of CTV.     

3个杨桃品种茎次生木质部导管分子结构研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

3个杨桃品种茎次生木质部导管分子结构研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

Phylogenetic Analysis of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates of Wild Type Citrus in China

The genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） isolates collected from Chinese wild type citrus were analyzed by comparing the sequences of nine genomic regions （p23, p20, p13, p18, p25, p27, POL, HEL and k17） with the CTV isolates of cultivated citrus from different countries. The results showed that the divergence pattern of genomic RNA of the CTV isolates from wild type citrus was similar to that of other isolates from cultivated citrus, the 3′ proximal region was relatively conserved, and the 5′ proximal region had greater variability. The nine genomic regions of CTV isolates analyzed were found to have been under purifying selection in the evolution process. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the eleven Chinese wild CTV isolates were located at different clades and did not relfect their geographical origins, suggesting genetic diversity among the Chinese wild CTV populations. These results will aid in the understanding of molecular evolution of the Chinese CTV populations.     

南天竹栽培性状研究

1材料与方法 1．1材料试验于2005年4月在湖南长沙中南林业科技大学植物园试验地进行。试材来源见表1。     

南天竹栽培性状研究

[目的]系统研究南天竹栽培性状,为该树种的育苗、栽培与园林应用奠定基础。[方法]以湖南省13个不同地区的南天竹种群为试样,采用田间试验和对比分析的方法,对栽培型与野生型南天竹的栽培性状进行了系统研究。[结果]南天竹各地理种质资源物候特征基本一致;栽培型和野生型生长规律基本一致,但栽培型的生长速度大于野生型;不管是栽培型或是野生型南天竹的高生长在幼龄期都比较迅速,其新梢的年生长、叶片生长规律都遵循Logistic方程的拟合曲线。[结论]该研究可为南天竹种质资源开发利用提供依据。     

牟定县耕地地力调查与评价应用研究

[目的]摸清牟定县耕地地力分布情况,科学划分耕地土壤等级。[方法]以《全国耕地类型区、耕地地力等级划分》为参照标准,根据牟定县测土配方施肥土样采集化验分析结果,结合土壤地力划分因素,采用限制因素法和综合归纳法,对耕地地力因素进行系统分析和评比。[结果]将牟定县25 526.24 hm~2耕地分为1~6个等级,其中:一级地2 588.73 hm~2,二级地4 776.75 hm~2,三级地5 734.88 hm~2,四级地4 744.05 hm~2,五级地4 140.55 hm~2,六级地3 541.28 hm~2。[结论]对各类耕地等级特征、性状进行论述,并提出相关保护利用措施。     

宁夏六盘山区野生和栽培秦艽的质量对比研究

[目的]比较宁夏六盘山区野生和栽培秦艽的质量。[方法]对宁夏六盘山区的秦艽的3种栽培品与野生品的药材性状、显微特征和其中龙胆苦苷的含量等方面进行比较研究。[结果]宁夏六盘山区栽培秦艽与野生秦艽的质量基本一致。[结论]宁夏六盘山区秦艽栽培品与野生品之间无明显质量差异,为人工栽培秦艽提供了科学依据。     

农田栽参和伐林栽参土壤养分及酶活性比较分析

[目的]研究农田栽参和伐林栽参土壤养分及土壤酶活性差异.[方法]通过分析2种生产模式下的土壤N、P、K、有机质、pH及土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶等指标.[结果]2种生产模式下人参土壤养分含量及酶活性存在差异,伐林栽参土壤中养分和酶活性高于农田栽参土壤,尤其是全氮含量伐林栽参比农田栽参高1.2 g/kg,脲酶活性和磷酸酶活性伐林栽参比农田栽参高4倍多.[结论]该研究为农田栽参土壤改良提供理论依据.     

吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量测定及其与大豆品质的相关性分析(摘要)(英文)

[目的]建立一种采用高效液相色谱测定大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量的方法,并对大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质和脂肪含量进行相关性分析。[方法]样品先用浓度80%甲醇提取,而后100℃水解;色谱分离使用反相C18分析柱二元高压梯度洗脱(分析时间25min),柱温40℃;使用二极管阵列检测器检测,波长为260nm;大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关性采用Origin6.0数据处理系统进行分析。[结果]经方法学验证建立的大豆异黄酮高效液相色谱方法准确、可靠,各异黄酮异构体的回收率在96.33%～104.20%范围内,RSD为2.56%～4.51%;通过对85份吉林省栽培大豆品系的异黄酮含量测定,初步明确了吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量的特点及范围,大豆异黄酮含量变幅为2.29～4.89mg/g,平均含量为3.36mg/g,含量超过4mg/g的大豆品系5份,占所有测定总数的5.88%;大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质含量呈显著的负相关;大豆异黄酮含量与脂肪含量呈不显著的正相关。[结论]吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量较高,培育高异黄酮含量和高脂肪含量的大豆品种是可行的。     

莫旗黑土地项目区耕地质量监测变化研究

[目的]S为了解莫旗黑土地项目区耕地质量监测指标变化情况。[方法]2018年-2020年连续3年采集项目区的106个耕地质量调查点位土壤样品,对土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、容重、pH等6项主要指标进行了检测分析。[结果]研究表明,莫旗黑土地项目区2020年6项主要指标较2018年都有所提升。[结论] “黑土地养育培肥”东北黑土地综合保护模式取得了较好的实施效果,提升了项目区耕地质量。     

利川市耕地硒资源分布研究

[目的]研究湖北省利川市耕地硒含量及资源分布情况,为当地兴办富硒产业及开发富硒农产品提供科学依据。[方法]以农户责任田自然地块为采样单元,采集利川市621个耕地土样,测定全硒含量,分析硒资源分布情况。[结果]利川耕地土壤的全硒含量为0．011~6.121 mg/kg,平均值为0.439 mg/kg,处于富硒水平;耕地土壤硒含量与土壤有机质有一定相关性,相关系数为0.2878,但与土壤pH相关性不明显。境内耕地富硒土壤呈不规则“y”字型分布,文斗、忠路、沙溪为粗壮的“y”脚,由西南角向东北、西北方向延伸。耕地全硒0.900 mg/kg以上的采样点集中分布于忠路文斗带、齐岳山脉(含福宝山)、寒池山脉和麻山山脉4个区域。耕地硒含量与煤关系紧密,含硒较高的4个区域均有大小不等的煤矿资源。缺硒地区主要分布在柏杨镇及齐岳山以西的建南镇、谋道镇。[结论]初步摸清了利川耕地硒含量及分布规律。     

宁夏栽培秦艽中龙胆苦苷含量的影响因素研究

[目的]考察生态及人工因素对宁夏栽培秦艽中龙胆苦苷含量的影响,为评价栽培秦艽的质量、开发利用当地秦艽资源和确保人工种植的品质提供科学依据。［方法]采用PR-HPLC测定秦艽中龙胆苦苷的含量。[结果]产地、生长年限、采收季节、肥料类型及施肥水平等因素对宁夏栽培秦艽中龙胆苦苷的含量都产生影响。［结论]宁夏隆德适合大面积种植秦艽;在秋季采收3年生秦艽为宜;单一使用草木灰和复合使用尿素、磷肥为5.0、20.0 kg/hm^2栽培秦艽时,龙胆苦苷的含量最高。     

云南省耕地空间转移特征的GIS分析

[目的]采用GIS分析云南省耕地空间转移的特征。[方法]在ArcGIS9.0中,利用云南省1986和2000年的分县土地利用遥感调查数据和云南省的数字高程模型,提取不同时期云南耕地的空间格局数据,并利用SPSS13.0统计软件分析耕地变化与自然、经济和社会因子的相关关系。[结果]1986～2000年,云南省耕地总量减少了18534.5hm2,减幅为0.29%,但水田与旱地的变化情况不同。耕地在水平方向上的变化表现为东减西增,耕地质心向西移动约1306m,向南移动约214m;在垂直方向上,耕地有从地面坡度≤8°的坝区和从地面坡度≥25°的陡坡地向地面坡度为8°～25°的中缓坡地转移的趋势;影响1986～2000年云南省耕地时空变化的主要因子是政策因子（政策法规和政府行为）的变动,其他因子的影响不明显。[结论]该研究可以为云南省今后的耕地保护决策提供依据。