甘肃省大豆中异黄酮及组分与品质的相关性分析

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对甘肃省种植的86份栽培品种和86份地方品种的大豆异黄酮、粗脂肪和蛋白质含量进行了检测,分析了大豆异黄酮与大豆主要品质性状的相关性。结果表明,总异黄酮含量与蛋白质含量呈负相关,与脂肪含量呈显著负相关;粗脂肪含量与大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木苷和黄豆黄苷4种组分含量呈负相关。大豆总异黄酮含量与大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木素和染料木苷含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.520、0.268、0.462、0.969。     

中国大豆资源异黄酮含量及其组分的遗传变异和演化特征

【目的】中国拥有丰富的栽培大豆和野生大豆资源,研究不同生态区大豆种质异黄酮含量的遗传变异和演化特征为专用型品种的选育奠定基础。【方法】以来自中国各生态区的580份地方品种、106份育成品种、209份野生大豆组成的895份大豆种质为材料,88份国外品种为参照,采用快速高效液相色谱法测定12种大豆籽粒异黄酮,分析其遗传变异和演化特征。【结果】全国野生大豆、地方品种与育成品种大豆异黄酮总含量(TISF)及其组分均存在很大变异。TISF变幅分别为927.29—7932.94、259.38—7725.45和489.67—5968.90μg·g-1,平均分别为2994.51、3241.33和2704.83μg·g-1。从野生种到地方品种再到育成品种,长期人工育种使染料木苷类总含量(尤其是丙二酰基染料木苷)与黄豆苷类总含量(尤其是乙酰基黄豆苷和丙二酰基黄豆苷)增加,大豆苷类总含量(尤其是乙酰基大豆苷)却明显降低,从而导致育成品种平均TISF低于野生种。各生态区的野生和栽培种质的TISF及其组分均有大量变异。野生种TISF与种质来源地经、纬度无显著性相关,栽培种则由于各地人工进化的差异形成了与地理经、纬度均有极显著负相关(r=-0.264和-0.380)的特点。从983份材料中优选出ZYD3621(TISF7932.94μg·g-1)、N3188(TISF7725.45μg·g-1)、N20793(TGL5122.21μg·g-1)等一批高TISF与高组分特异种质可供异黄酮育种利用。【结论】中国从野生种到地方品种再到育成品种,异黄酮含量及其组分的演化特点为栽培大豆平均异黄酮总含量、染料木苷类与黄豆苷类总含量均高于野生种,大豆苷类总含量低于野生种。中国各生态区域内大豆异黄酮及其组分均有丰富变异,从中筛选出一批高含量、高组分种质可供异黄酮育种利用。     

大豆重组自交系群体异黄酮含量QTL连锁定位与关联定位的比较研究

【目的】异黄酮是大豆等豆类植物中富含的一类次生代谢产物,对食品和保健产业有重要作用。大豆籽粒可分离出12种异黄酮组分,可归为三大类：大豆苷类异黄酮、染料木苷类异黄酮和黄豆苷类异黄酮。通过鉴定大豆籽粒异黄酮总含量及3个组分含量性状的加性及上位性QTL,进而全面解析其复杂的遗传构成。【方法】利用先进2号和赶泰2-2双亲衍生的大豆重组自交系群体NJRSXG,在5个环境下测定4个异黄酮含量性状：异黄酮总含量（total isoflavone content,SIFC）、大豆苷类异黄酮总含量（total daidzin group content,TDC）、染料木苷类异黄酮总含量（total genistin group content,TGC）和黄豆苷类异黄酮总含量（total glycitin group content,TGLC）。选用混合模型复合区间作图法（mixed-model-based composite interval mapping,MCIM）和限制性两阶段多位点全基因组关联分析方法（restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association analysis,RTM-GWAS）进行异黄酮含量QTL检测。【结果】2个亲本在4个异黄酮含量性状上均存在较大差异,重组自交系群体异黄酮含量在高值、低值2个方向上均出现超亲分离,低值方向分离趋势强于高值方向。利用连锁定位MCIM方法共检测到4个异黄酮含量性状的19个加性QTL和16对上位性QTL,分布于15条染色体上。第14染色体重要标记区间GNE186b—Sat020内检测到3个新加性QTL：qSifc-14-1、qTdc-14-2和qTgc-14-1,且表型变异解释率最高。利用关联定位RTM-GWAS方法分别检测到4个异黄酮含量性状的51、66、42和36个关联标记位点,表型变异解释率为39.7%—52.5%,检测到的位点中覆盖了MCIM方法检测的19个加性QTL中的11个以及11个上位性QTL。候选基因分析分别在加性QTL区域和上位性QTL区域检测到93和100个候选基因,富集分析显示在第14染色体重要标记区间GNE186b—Satt020内,Glyma14g33227、Glyma14g33244和Glyma14g33715的功能与异黄酮代谢有关。【结论】连锁定位和关联定位2种方法结合能相对全面地检测异黄酮含量QTL。与连锁定位方法MCIM相比,关联定位方法RTM-GWAS检测的QTL更多,总遗传贡献率更高,但尚不能检测上位性QTL,2种方法定位结果可相互验证补充,大豆籽粒异黄酮含量由大量QTL/基因控制。     

冬小麦主要品质性状配合力和杂种优势研究

利用11个面团流变特性差异较大的冬小麦品种按NCⅡ配置杂交组合,对小麦面粉蛋白质含量、沉淀值及其面团流变学特性进行研究.结果表明:小麦面粉蛋白质含量、沉淀值和面团流变学特性主要受基因的加性效应影响;GCA效应分析认为,在小麦品质育种中,亲本本身品质性状的表现和GCA效应值是亲本选配的重要依据;不同组合间和不同组合类型间SCA差异较大,在优质小麦育种中应根据不同育种目标选配不同组合类型,在强筋小麦选育中最好选用高×高和高×中组合类型,在弱筋小麦选育中最好选用高×低和低×低组合类型;在平均中亲优势和超亲优势测定中,除面粉蛋白质含量、稳定时间和评价值的平均中亲优势为正值外,其它品质性状的平均中亲优势和所有性状的超亲优势均表现为负向超亲优势;不同组合类型面团流变学特性的平均中亲优势和超亲优势测定中,高×高和高×中组合类型总体表现为较小的负向优势或较大的正向优势,高×低和低×低组合类型则表现为较大的负向优势,与特殊配合力分析结果较为一致.     

普通小麦光合速率、光合色素的遗传分析

普通小麦不同品种间旗叶光合速率、光合色素含量存在显著差异,它们属于数量性状遗传,受加性效应和非加性效应控制。F_1代杂种优势出现低于低亲、超过双亲均值、超高亲等多种类型。参试亲本的一般配合力和组合的特殊配合力效应都有明显差别。筛选高光效种质资源是可能的。根据亲本的表现及其配合力选配组合,有可能育出综合性状好的高光效新品种。     

超高效液相色谱法测定大豆异黄酮的含量

采用超高效液相色谱法快速分离并测定了大豆异黄酮的含量。结果表明,大豆异黄酮的线性检测范围为1．0-9．0μg/ml;染料木素、大豆苷元,大豆甙、染料木甙的回收率分别为98．7％、98．1％、97．9％、97．8％,RSD分别为2．1％、1．8％、1．7％、1．3％。     

啤酒大麦穗部不同部位籽粒性状的遗传研究

用Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ和Ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎ等法对６个亲本配制双列杂交组合进行啤酒大麦穗部籽粒性状遗传特性、配合力和杂种优势的实步研究。结果表明：（１）粒长主要受基因加性效应控制，穗中部粒径同时受加性和非加性效应控制，穗基部长的遗力高而顶部低，粒径传力则是基部和顶部高中部低。（２）籽粒性状一般配合力和特殊配合力无直接联系，选配亲本时二者须统筹考虑。（３）不同组合杂种优势差异较大，以国外品种和国内品种杂交优     

大豆异黄酮检测技术的研究

在介绍了大豆异黄酮成分结构的基础上,分析了几种主要测定方法的特点及应用范围,并完善了HPLC测定大豆异黄酮的方法。采用适宜的水解溶液和条件,将大豆中的染料木甙和大豆黄酮甙分解为染料木素和大豆黄酮,以染料木素和大豆黄酮为标准物质,利用高效液相色谱定性定量检测水解液中的染料木素和大豆黄酮,从而得出大豆异黄酮的含量。以2 mol/L的盐酸乙醇溶液为水解液,水解时间2 h。该方法快速、灵敏、重现性好,回收率达96%以上,RSD小于3%。     

大豆及3种豆制品中大豆异黄酮组分的含量研究

[目的]建立高效液相色谱法测定大豆及3种豆制品中大豆异黄酮组分和含量的方法,研究其大豆异黄酮组分的差异。[方法]将供试样品用80%甲醇溶解提取,净化后用Wonda Sil C_(18)WR(4.6×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈和磷酸水溶液(p H 3.0)作为流动相,流速1 m L/min,柱温为40℃,用二极管阵列检测器在波长260 nm检测大豆异黄酮组分,用外标法进行定量。[结果]大豆及3种豆制品中大豆异黄酮的含量,大豆最高,其次是豆芽、豆腐、豆浆。供试样品的大豆异黄酮组分中大豆苷相关系数为0.997 2,黄豆黄苷相关系数为0.999 6,大豆苷元相关系数为0.994 7,黄豆黄素相关系数为0.999 1,染料木素相关系数为0.994 2,平行测定结果之差均低于算术平均值的10%。[结论]高效液相色谱法可用于豆制品中大豆异黄酮组分和含量检测。     

大豆高蛋白质育种的亲本选配及后代选择的原则和效果

通过对6个组合F#-2、F#-3、F#-4代随机选择群体系统的田间试验和室内测定,探讨了大豆高蛋白质育种亲本选配和后代选择的原则和效果。⑴通过对各群体蛋白质含量分离特点的分析,提出大豆高蛋白质育种杂交早代选择的基本原则：首先淘汰低蛋白质组合,从入选的组合中选择高蛋白质家系,再从入选的高蛋白质家系中选择蛋白质含量高的单株。⑵根据不同组合杂种后代蛋白质含量和产量的超亲比率的变化,指出大豆高蛋白质育种以蛋白质含量高与综合农艺性状好的亲本组配形式为佳。⑶比较各组合后代蛋白质含量的定向选择和随机选择的选择效果。     

Genetic Analysis of Combining Abilities and Heterosis for the Contents of Soybean Isoflavone and Its Components Among the Soybean Varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

The genetic analysis of soybean isoflavone content and its components were carried out based on the NC Ⅱ mating design in eight soybean varieties. The results showed that the isoflavone contents and its components of soybean seed are quite differences among the tested materials, the contents of isoflavone and daidzein are controlled not only by additive effects and but also by non-additive effects, while the content of genistin is dominated by non-additive effects,and genistein, glycitin and daidzin are mainly controlled by additive effects. There are significant differences in the contents of isoflavone and its components among the combinations derived from different parents. Results also indicated that the tested traits are negatively heterosis except for the contens of daidzein and daidzin are positively heterosis based on the data of the GCA and SCA in average heterosis values. In this research we have a suggestion that soybean variety with high isoflavone should be used as one of the parents in the breeding program, and it is the best choice that the combinations crossed between two high isoflavone varieties or a high variety and a low one.     

Genetic Analysis of Embryo, Cytoplasm and Maternal Effects and Their Environment Interactions for Isoflavone Content in Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.]

Soybean seed products contain isoflavones （genistein, daidzein, and glycitein） that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment （GE） interaction effects for the isoflavone content （IC） of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability （65.73%） was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability （25.87%） and cytoplasmic heritability （8.39%）. Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.     

Genetic Analysis on Isoflavone Content in Soybean Seeds

Fifteen combinations with six soybean cultivars of different isoflavone content were formulated and planted in a randomized complete-block design model; genetic factors of isoflavone quantity were analyzed. Resuits indicated that genetic factors of isoflavone contents in F2 population inherited quantitatively. Isoflavone content of F1, F2 seeds normally trended. There were heterosis in F1, F2 of most combinations, and also heterobeltiosis in part of the crosses. The broad sense heritability of F2 was higher in parts of the crosses. It predicted the selection might be carried out preliminarily in F2 hybrids. There was significant positive correlation between hybrids and mid-parent.     

大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量的遗传初步分析

 选用6个异黄酮含量不同的大豆品种,配制15个杂交组合,按随机区组设计,初步分析了大豆异黄酮含量的遗传。结果显示,杂种F2代异黄酮含量的遗传方式具有数量性状遗传特点,遗传机制呈累加作用;F1、F2代异黄酮含量一般介于双亲之间的中间型,F2代接近中亲值,且在大部分组合中表现杂种优势,也有部分超亲优势现象;F2代部分组合中的广义遗传力表现较高,可以在F2代进行初步的遗传选择;杂种后代与中亲值呈显著的正相关。     

Heterosis of Double Low Self-incompatibility in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

66 F1 hybrids, produced by 3 double low self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties with a North Carolina Ⅱ (NCⅡ) crossing design, were tested for their heterosis in Wuhan, China during two growing seasons from 1999- 2001. The results showed that significant differences were found between F1s and their parents for yield per plant and seed oil content. Mid-parent heterosis of these two characters ranged from 5.50%-64.11% and from 1.55% -7.44% respectively. Heterosis for seed yield per plant was greater than that of seed oil content. For yield components, heterosis of total number of siliques per plant was the highest, followed by seed number per silique and 1 000 seeds weight. Significant genotype-by-year interaction was found for seed yield per plant. Results from correlation and combining ability analysis indicated that parental effects on its F1 hybrid depended on characters, seed yield per plant was affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and seed oil content was affected mainly by additive effect. When designing hybrid programme, parents might be selected by GCAs and variances of SCAs of parents for the characters affected by both additive and non-additive effects, and by the sum of GCAs of female and male parents for the characters mainly affected by additive effects.     

大豆籽粒低聚糖及其组分含量鉴定与特异种质筛选

[目的]研究大豆低聚糖及其组分含量遗传变异及其相关关系,遴选低聚糖及其组分含量特异种质,为大豆低聚糖含量遗传改良奠定物质基础.[方法]采用高效液相色谱方法,鉴定336份大豆资源低聚糖及其组分含量,分析其遗传变异及相关性,并筛选高、低含量特异种质.[结果]供试大豆资源蔗糖、棉籽糖、水苏糖、低聚糖含量平均为4.01％、1....     

硫素对不同大豆品种异黄酮含量的影响

为探究硫素对不同大豆品种籽粒异黄酮含量的影响,寻找不同基因型大豆品种最佳施硫水平,以其提高大豆籽粒异黄酮的含量,改善其品质。选用‘黑农48’（HN48,高蛋白品种）、‘黑农37’（HN37,中间型品种）、‘黑农44’（HN44,高油品种）3个大豆品种作为试验材料。采用盆栽,每个品种设S1、S2、S3、S4 4个硫处理（即每千克土壤施用单质硫0 g、0.02 g、0.04 g、0.06 g）。采用紫外分光光度法测定不同大豆品种籽粒总异黄酮的含量。结果表明：同一品种不同处理大豆总异黄酮含量,HN37与HN44两个品种都表现为S2处理含量最高,HN48在S3处理下含量最高,3个品种都是适宜的硫素有利于提高总异黄酮含量;同一处理不同品种间大豆总异黄酮含量,在4个施硫条件下均表现出HN44含量最高,其次是HN37和HN48;在不同品种不同处理中,大豆总异黄酮含量峰值出现在HN44的S3水平下;施硫对3个大豆品种异黄酮含量有影响,适宜的施硫可有效提高大豆籽粒异黄酮的含量。     

东北三省大豆异黄酮含量生态地理差异

选用5个品质性状有差异的东北春大豆品种在东北三省12个试验点种植,分别对不同年份、不同地点、不同品种的大豆异黄酮进行分析,结果表明：年份、地点、品种对大豆异黄酮含量有影响,年份×地点、年份×品种、品种×地点、年份×地点×品种互作效应也有影响。所选择的5个栽培品种中,黑农37在红兴隆地点的异黄酮含量最高为0．269％。在12个试验地点中,红兴隆是异黄酮含量最高的大豆生产区。     

Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of 12 Isoflavone Components in Soybean Seeds

It is important to determine the isoflavone components by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)for the molecular assistant selection of isoflavone in soybean.Based on the standard samples of 12 isoflavone components,the isoflavone components were analyzed using the determination of absorbance peaks method by HPLC.The results showed that there were different maximum ultraviolet(UV)absorbance for the aglycones of daidzein,glycitein,and genistein,which were at 250,257,and 260 nm,respectively.A linear gradient elution of acetonitrile(13-30%)containing 0.1% acetic acid as a mobile phase was applied on a YMC-C18 column at 35℃.The 12 isoflavone components were determined using the UV detector by HPLC.We concluded that this is a rapid and precise method which adapted to determine the large numbers of samples with microanalysis.