水貂球虫种类调查

本文报道了对安徽省无为县某养殖场水貂球虫种类调查的结果 ,共发现 6种球虫 ,其种类和所占百分比分别为 :貂艾美耳球虫 (17.82 %)、海波艾美耳球虫 (16 .0 %)、伊克蒂德艾美耳球虫 (19.2 7%)、臭猫等孢球虫(8.36 %)、莱德莱威等孢球虫 (17.0 9%)、E.sp(2 1.46 %)     

Demonstration of antibodies to Eimeria species in lambs by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Soluble extracts were prepared from sporulated oocysts, unsporulated oocysts and merozoites of Eimeria crandallis, E faurei and E ovinoidalis. They were assessed for antigenicity and specificity by ELISA using rabbit antisera to sporulated oocysts or merozoites. Antibody levels were examined in sera from colostrum-deprived coccidia-free lambs, conventionally reared lambs and lambs which had received experimental infections. Maternal antibody was demonstrated in colostrum and in serum taken at 24 hours from all conventionally reared animals but not colostrum-deprived animals. Antibody levels in conventional animals dropped over the first five weeks of life and rose again during the next five weeks. Antibody was not detected in coccidia-free animals. Monospecific infections of E faurei or E ovinoidalis demonstrated antibody responses to primary and secondary infections. Some specificity of response was suggested with E faurei infection. The antigen preparations showed considerable cross-reactions between species. These serum antibody responses, although appearing too late for individual diagnosis, may assist diagnosis on a flock basis.     

Interaction between coccidia and Nematodirus battus in lambs on pasture

Five thousand oocysts of each of two species of coccidia, Eimeria crandallis and E ovinoidalis or 30,000 infective larvae of Nematodirus battus, given as single infections to three- to five-week-old lambs, caused only transient diarrhoea and had no effect on growth. Lambs infected first with coccidia and two weeks later with N battus suffered severe diarrhoea, weight loss and some deaths. Simultaneous administration of the coccidia and the nematodes increased the clinical severity of the syndrome and increased the numbers of nematode eggs produced.     

Ovine coccidiosis: effect of the antibiotic monensin against Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae and other naturally occurring coccidia of sheep

Sixteen female and 16 male lambs were used in 4 groups to determine the effect of monensin on naturally occurring and experimentally induced coccidiosis. Determinations of numbers of oocysts discharged, quantities of feces discharged, feed consumption, and weight gain were made for female and male lambs in each group. The effect of experimentally induced and naturally occurring coccidiosis on the performance of each group was compared. Nonmedicated lambs, experimentally inoculated with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, gained the least weight. Lambs naturally infected with coccidia gained next best and inoculated lambs, in 2 groups medicated with 10 or 20 ppm of monensin in the feed, gained best. The average net gain for the 4 groups was 7.8, 9.7, 13.7, and 13.7 kg. The medicated lambs required less feed/kilogram of weight gain than did the nonmedicated lambs. In general, female lambs were more severely affected by the coccidia, consumed more feed, produced more fecal material, and gained less weight than did male lambs.     

Description of Eimeria pavonina (coccidia) of peafowl in Germany

There are only a few reports about the occurrence of coccidia in peafowl and no reports about the occurrence of Eimeria spp. in peafowl kept in Europe. Here, we describe the occurrence of Eimeria pavonina in diseased peafowl from Germany. In January 2011, one young peacock kept in an aviary showed a marked depression. No parasites were detected in samples from the diseased bird, but in samples of birds from the same and other aviaries, coccidian counts were between 400/g and 66,000/g. All peacocks were treated with toltrazuril. After treatment, the clinical condition of the diseased bird improved but, two weeks afterwards, other birds in the aviary were still shedding coccidia in their feces. Based on morphology, the coccidia were identified as E. pavonina. Parts of the 18s rRNA gene and the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) gene were sequenced. A phylogenetic tree based on the 18s rRNA sequence placed the Eimeria sp. from peafowl closest to Eimeria spp. found in pheasants and partridges as well as to Eimeria meleagrimitis. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequence of cox-1 in contrast suggested a closer relationship to Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria tenella.     

Species of coccidia occurring in lambs in S?o Paulo State, Brazil.

The purpose of this experiment was to characterize the species of Eimeria affecting lambs and their infection pattern. Faecal samples were collected from each animal at 14-day intervals, beginning when lambs were 2 weeks old and ending when they were 32 weeks old. The oocysts were counted and identified as E. intricata, E. parva, E. pallida, E. crandallis, E. bakuensis, E. weybridgensis, E. ahsata and E. ovinoidalis. The highest oocyst counts were observed when the lambs were 4-8 weeks old.     

Anthrax in England and Wales 1963-1972.

The records of confirmed anthrax diagnoses held by the bacteriology department of the Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, for the years 1963 to 1972 inclusive, were analysed. During this decade, 86 per cent of the 2944 deaths recorded were in cattle and 11 per cent in pigs, correlating significantly with the cattle and pig populations in England and Wales during this period. Also, the country could be separated into high and low prevalence counties for cattle anthrax. Norfolk and Somerset had higher than usual cattle deaths per farm ratios and the reasons for this are explored.     

Effect of monensin on experimental infections of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae in lambs.

Two nearly identical experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the coccidiostatic compound monensin on Polled Dorset lambs experimentally infected with oocysts of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. Prophylactic medication at a dose level of 1 mg/kg of body weight was started 2 days before inoculation and prevented diarrhea and reduced oocyst production. Therapeutic medication at a dose level of 2 mg/kg, started with the appearance of signs of infection, reduced oocyst production below that of nonmedicated controls but did not eliminate diarrhea. Weight gains of medicated lambs were less than those of noninoculated, nonmedicated controls in both experiments. Apparently monensin, at the dose levels used, reduced oocyst production but also prevented weight gains as high as those in inoculated nonmedicated controls.     

The epidemiological control of nematodes in New England lambs

Epidemiological control of nematodes in weaned lambs in New England was investigated over three grazing seasons (n = 58, n = 52 and n = 62 lambs, respectively). Spring prophylactic treatment, clean pasture and mid-summer treat-and-move to hayfield strategies were compared to traditional fall treatments (control). In these studies when lambs were weaned prior to grazing, the most abundant nematodes were Nematodirus sp. Under these conditions, where only low levels of Haemonchus contortus were present, no significant improvement in body weight gain was observed for the epidemiologic approaches compared to the traditional fall treatments. No untreated control was used, and fecal egg counts and pasture larval counts indicate low total worm burdens with a controllable fall rise in pasture infectivity. These results indicate the importance of hypobiosis for the survival of H. contortus and suggest that weaning lambs prior to grazing can be an effective epidemiological control practice.     

凤台县猪球虫种类及感染情况调查

对凤台县115头猪的球虫感染情况进行了调查,结果在77头猪的粪便中检出了球虫卵囊,感染率为70.0%(77/115),对其孢子化卵囊进行鉴定,结果发现8种球虫,即:极小艾美耳球虫,新蒂氏艾关耳球虫,蒂氏艾关耳球虫,猪艾美耳球虫,粗糙艾美耳球虫,光滑艾美耳球虫、有刺艾美耳球虫和猪等孢球虫.