共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 63 毫秒
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部分高粱转换系与不同高梁细胞质的育性反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用部分高梁转换系与具相同核背景不同细胞质的高梁不育系杂交,调查F1代植株花粉育性和主要农艺性状,结果表明4种细胞质之间育性反应存在着明显的差异,A1与A2型细胞质之间差异较小,A1、A2与A3、A4型之间差异较大,A1和A2型细胞质与部分高梁转换系杂交F1代的自交结实率之间的相关达极显著水准。A2、A3型细胞质对部分高梁转换系杂交A1代主要农艺性状的影响与A1型对这些性状的影响无显著差异,A2型 相似文献
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部分高粱转换系与不同高粱细胞质的育性反应 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用部分高粱转换系与具相同核背景不同细胞质的高粱不育系杂交,调查F_1代植株花粉育性和主要农艺性状,结果表明4种细胞质之间育性反应存在着明显的差异,A_1与A_2型细胞质之间差异较小;A_1、A_2与A_3、A_4型之间差异较大。A_1和A_2型细胞质与部分高粱转换系杂交F_1代的自交结实率之间的相关达极显著水准。A_2、A_3型细胞质对F_1代主要农艺性状的影响与A_1型对这些性状的影响无显著差异。A_2型细胞质可以在高粱杂交种生产中加以利用。A_3型细胞质与前两种细胞质的育性反应截然不同。找到了A_3型细胞质的恢复源和能同时恢复A_1、A_2、A_3型细胞质的材料。初步确定了能够鉴定高粱4种不同细胞质的鉴定系。通过对同核异质,异核同质育性反应的研究,表明4种细胞质完全不同,细胞质对育性反应起着决定性的作用,育性反应不因核背景的改变而发生显著变化,不同细胞质育性恢复机制不同。 相似文献
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抗丝黑穗病、抗败育高粱A_2细胞质雄性不育系A_2Sx3197的选育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A1Tx3197曾经是我国广泛应用的高粱细胞质雄性不育系,20世纪70年代末,由于高粱丝黑穗病病菌生理小种分化,该不育系以及用其配制的杂交种逐渐失去了对高粱丝黑穗病菌的抗性。同时该不育系小花败育日渐严重,制种产量极低,甚至造成绝收。为了改良A1Tx3197的抗病性及抗败育性,本研究利用A2保持系在A1位点含有A1育性恢复基因MS1MS1和在A1细胞质背景下表现恢复的特点,以不育系A1Tx3197为轮回亲本,以含有抗丝黑穗病、抗败育基因的BV4为供体,通过杂交和多代回交,得到含有双抗基因的A2类型细胞质雄性不育的保持系BSx3197(MS1ms1ms2ms2),在该材料自交的同时,用其对A2细胞质雄性不育系进行细胞核代换,经过多代回交和自交,最终育成了抗丝黑穗病、抗败育的A2细胞质雄性不育系A2Sx3197和保持系BSx3197(MS1MS1ms2ms2)。结果表明,新选育的不育系A2Sx3197在A1和A5细胞质背景下表现恢复,在A2、A3、A4、A6和9E细胞质背景下表现不育,丝黑穗平均发病率为0~0.8%,败育率为0~8.4%,抗丝黑穗病性、抗败育性明显优于被改良不育系,接近或达到抗源供体BV4水平;而在抽穗期、株高、穗长、穗宽、千粒重、穗粒重、粒色、壳色、穗形、穗型等主要性状方面与A1Tx3197差异不显著。 相似文献
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目前世界上被专家公认的高粱细胞质雄性不育系有 7种 ,7个不同细胞质核质互作雄性不育系统间育性反应各不同 ,其败育程度依次为A1→A5→A6→A2 → 9E→A4→A3 逐渐减弱 ,育性恢复按A1→A6→A5→A2 →A4→ 9E→A3 的顺序愈来愈困难。研究认为 ,除目前利用的A1、A2 细胞质雄性不育系外 ,A5、A6、A3 3个细胞质可用于生产。中国高粱恢复系 (A2 恢复系 )对A5、A6仍有较强的恢复力 ,可直接用于A5、A6系统杂交种选育 ;A5细胞质则可开发利用印度种质用于A5不育系、保持系选育 ;A3 细胞质则可开发中国高粱资源用于A3 不育系、保持系选育。A1、A2 、A5、A3 细胞质的利用 ,可最大限度地解除核质互作限制。极大地丰富杂交种选配范围及其遗传基础。 相似文献
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A1Tx3197曾经是我国广泛应用的高粱细胞质雄性不育系,20世纪70年代末,由于高粱丝黑穗病病菌生理小种分化,该不育系以及用其配制的杂交种逐渐失去了对高粱丝黑穗病菌的抗性。同时该不育系小花败育日渐严重,制种产量极低,甚至造成绝收。为了改良A1Tx3197的抗病性及抗败育性,本研究利用A2保持系在A1位点含有A1育性恢复基因MS1MS1和在A1细胞质背景下表现恢复的特点,以不育系A1Tx3197为轮回亲本,以含有抗丝黑穗病、抗败育基因的BV4为供体,通过杂交和多代回交,得到含有双抗基因的A2类型细胞质雄性不育的保持系BSx3197(MS1ms1ms2ms2),在该材料自交的同时,用其对A2细胞质雄性不育系进行细胞核代换,经过多代回交和自交,最终育成了抗丝黑穗病、抗败育的A2细胞质雄性不育系A2Sx3197和保持系BSx3197(MS1MS1ms2ms2)。结果表明,新选育的不育系A2Sx3197在A1和A5细胞质背景下表现恢复,在A2、A3、A4、A6和9E细胞质背景下表现不育,丝黑穗平均发病率为0~0.8%,败育率为0~8.4%,抗丝黑穗病性、抗败育性明显优于被改良不育系,接近或达到抗原供体BV4水平;而在抽穗期、株高、穗长、穗宽、千粒重、穗粒重、粒色、壳色、穗形、穗型等主要性状方面与A1Tx3197差异不显著。 相似文献
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目前世界上被专家公认的高梁细胞质雄性不育系有7种,7个不同细胞质核质互作雄性不育系统间育性反应各不同,其败育程度依次为A1→A5→A6→A2→9E→A4→A3逐渐减弱,育性恢复按A1→A6→A5→A2→A4→9E→A3的顺序愈来愈困难。研究认为,除目前利用的A1、A2细胞质雄性不育系外,A5、A6、A3 3个细胞质可用于生产。中国高梁恢复系(A2恢复系)对A5、A6仍有较强的恢复力,可直接用于A5、A6系统杂交种选育;A5细胞质则可开发利用印度种质用于A5不育系、保持系选育;A3细胞质则可开发中国高梁资源用于A3不育系、保持系选育。A1、A2、A5、A3细胞质的利用,可最大限度地解除核质互作限制。极大地丰富杂交种选配范围及其遗传基础。 相似文献
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高粱雄性不育系柱头生活力、小花败育与细胞质效应研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、9E高粱雄性不育系柱头生活力、小花败育与细胞质效应。结果表明,不同细胞质对高粱雄性不育系柱头生活力不存在特殊的胞质效应,A4、A5、A6、9E型细胞质对柱头生活力的影响与目前生产上应用的A1、A2、A3型细胞质无明显差异,可在高粱杂种优势利用中应用。不同细胞质与高粱雄性不育系小花败育存在特殊的胞质效应,A3、A4、9E细胞质有极强的抗败育性能,在生产中应用可大幅度提高高粱制种产量和稳产性能,在高粱育种和生产中有重大利用价值。 相似文献
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An investigation was carried out to assess the efficiency of A2 cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterility (CMS) system in comparison to the widely used A1 cytoplasm in terms of general combining ability (gca) effects of male-sterile (A-) lines and mean performance, specific combining ability (sca) effects and mid-parent heterosis of hybrids for days to 50% flowering, plant height and grain yield at International Crops
Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India in 2001 and 2002 rainy seasons. The material
for the study consisted of six pairs of iso-nuclear, allo-plasmic (A1 and A2) A-lines and 36 iso-nuclear hybrids produced by crossing these A-lines with three dual restorer (R-) lines. The results revealed
that cytoplasm and its first-order interaction with year, R- and A-lines did not appear to contribute to variation in iso-nuclear
hybrids for plant height and grain yield. Cytoplasm had limited effect on gca effects of A-lines and on sca effects and mid-parent heterosis of iso-nuclear hybrids for days to 50% flowering, plant height and grain yield. The mean
days to 50% flowering, plant height and grain yield of A2 cytoplasm-based hybrids were comparable with those of widely used A1 cytoplasm-based hybrids. The relative frequency of the occurrence of the A1- and A2-based hybrids with significant sca effects and mid-parent heterosis indicated that A2 CMS system is as efficient as A1 with a slight edge over A1 for commercial exploitation. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to opportunities for broadening
not only cytoplasm base but also nuclear genetic base of both the hybrid parents. 相似文献
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The inheritance of fertility restoration of six mitomycin C and streptomycin‐induced cytoplasmic male‐sterile (cms) mutants and one cms line derived from Native American cultivar PI 432513 in sunflower was evaluated. These seven new cms sources were also compared with the commercially used cms PET1 (Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.) cytoplasm, using USDA inbred lines with restoration genes (Rf1) specific for cms PET1 and new restoration lines identified for cms PI 432513. Restoration genes for cms PI 432513 were found in ‘Armavir’, VNIIMK, P21 and male‐fertile (MF) plants of PI 432513. F2 and F3 segregation ratios of crosses between cms PI 432513 and these restoration sources indicated a single dominant gene controlled fertility restoration. Progenies of cms PI 432513 testcrossed with F1’s of half‐diallel crosses among the respective four homozygous restoration lines and RHA 274 suggested that the restoration genes of RHA 274, VNIIMK, P21 and PI 432513 were at the same locus. Restoration genes from VNIIMK, P21 and PI 432513 satisfactorily restored pollen stainability in the heterozygous condition. A very weak expression of the Rf gene in ‘Armavir’ was observed in the heterozygous condition. Fertility restoration capability of these genes for the six mutant cms HA 89 and cms HA 89 (in PET1 cytoplasm) was observed. The mutant cms HA 89 lines were also restored completely by RHA 266, RHA 274, RHA 280 and RHA 296, and F2’s segregation ratios indicated single dominant gene control, implying a common cytoplasmic male sterility in all lines. F1’s of half‐diallel crosses among RHA 266, RHA 273, RHA 274, RHA 280 and RHA 296 were testcrossed onto the cms lines, and their all MF progenies among lines, except RHA 280, confirmed that fertility restoration was controlled by a single Rf1 gene locus. The restoration gene in confection line RHA 280, namely Rf3, was at a different locus than Rf1 and was equally capable of restoring all the cms lines. Cms HA 89 mutants and cms PI 432513 are in H. annuus cytoplasm, and are agronomically equal in hybrid performance to the cms PET1 used in commercial sunflower hybrids. These new cms lines will provide immediate alternative cms sources for reducing the genetic vulnerability resulting from the exclusive use of the single cms source PET1 in sunflower hybrid production. 相似文献
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Cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterility is an important biological tool, which has been used by plant breeders to increase yields
in cross-pollinated cereals and vegetables by commercial exploitation of the phenomenon of hybrid vigor. In legumes, no such
example exists due to the absence of an economic way of mass pollen transfer from male to female parent. Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], however, is a different legume where a moderate level of insect-aided natural out-crossing (25–70%) exists
and it can be used to produce commercial hybrid cultivars, if an efficient and stable cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterility (CMS)
system is available. This paper reports the development of a stable CMS system (ICP 2039A), derived from an inter-specific
hybrid of Cajanus cajanifolius, a wild relative of pigeonpea, with a cultivar ICP 11501. Using this genetic material, designated as the A4 cytoplasm, a number of fertility restorers and maintainers have been developed. The best short-duration experimental pigeonpea
hybrid ICPH 2470 produced 3205 kg ha−1 grain yield in 125 days, exhibiting 77.5% advantage over the control cultivar UPAS 120. At present, all the important biological
systems necessary for a successful commercial hybrid breeding program are available in pigeonpea and the package of this technology
has been adopted by private seed sector in India for the production and marketing of hybrid varieties. 相似文献
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Male fertility restoration in new types of sorghum cytoplasmic male sterility‐inducing cytoplasms (A4, ‘9E’, ‘M35’), characterized by the formation of non‐dehiscent anthers, is difficult. Lines with fertility‐restorer genes for these unique cytoplasms do occur, but rarely, and when found tend to be unstable in their inheritance and expression. The aim of this research was to explore reasons for this instability. Seven lines in three unique cytoplasms, ‘9E’, A4 and ‘M35’, and six lines that restore with these cytoplasms were grown at the Agricultural Research Institute for South‐East Region in Saratov, Russia from 1993 to 2004. Levels of male fertility restoration and various environmental factors were recorded. It is reported that for sorghum hybrids in the A4, ‘9E’ and ‘M35’ male‐sterile cytoplasms, the level of plant male fertility is determined by the level of water available to plants during anther and pollen formation that which ‘switches on’ the expression of fertility‐restoring genes, and is possibly involved in an unusual type of male fertility inheritance in these cytoplasms. The creation of reliable line‐fertility restorers capable of the restoration of male fertility of F1 hybrids in ‘M35’ cytoplasm under conditions of water stress is also reported. Current research explore mechanisms involved possible in responses to water levels at various growth stages and their influence on fertility within these cytoplasms. 相似文献
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Summary Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata resistance were used to characterize the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 12 cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) and maintainers, 12 restorer lines, and 144 F1 hybrids. The genetic diversity was quite high among the shoot fly-susceptible parents and the hybrids based on them, as indicated by high polymorphic information content (PIC) values, while limited genetic diversity was observed among shoot fly-resistant lines. The phenotypic and genotypic dissimilarity analysis indicated that the shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible parents were 73.2 and 38.5% distinct from each other, and the morphological and genetic distances of certain resistant and susceptible cross combinations was more than their resistant or susceptible parents. Genetic variability among the groups was low (10.8%), but high within groups (89.2%). The genetic and morphological distances suggested that the F1 hybrids were closer to CMS (5 to 12% dissimilar) than the restorer (11 to 87% dissimilar), suggesting that CMS influences the expression of resistance to sorghum shoot fly. The SSR markers can be used to characterize the homologous traits in sorghum germplasm. 相似文献
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通过对以温敏亚麻雄性不育系1S为母本配制的6个杂交组合F1、F2代主要农艺性状和产量性状杂种优势的测定和分析,结果表明:不同杂交组合F1、F2代在株高和工艺长度上的平均优势均表现为负向超父本优势,而各产量性状上的平均优势均表现出很强的正向超父本优势;但与F1代相比,F2代平均优势明显下降。产量性状构成因素平均优势大小顺序为:单株产量>单株果数>千粒重>每果粒数。不同组合间F1、F2代杂种优势表现差异较大,其中1S×黑亚15号组合产量性状的超父本优势最强,F1、F2代均表现出很强的杂种优势。 相似文献