HACCP体系在沙棘果醋生产中的应用

本文探讨了HACCP系统在沙棘果醋生产过程中的应用。根据HACCP的原理确定相应的关键控制点和关键限值,并制定相应的预防措施和控制方法,将生产过程中的危害降至最低值,以保证产品安全。实施HACCP计划后,涉及产品安全的主要工序均能达到理想状态。     

]ACCP体系在沙棘果汁生产中的应用

本文探讨了HACCP系统在沙棘果汁生产过程中的应用。根据HACCP的原理确定相应的关键控制点和关键限值,并制定相应的预防措施和控制方法,将生产过程中用的危害降至最低值,以保证产品安全。实施HACCP计划后,涉及产品安全的主要工序均能达到理想状态。     

国际间沙棘种植与开发合作不断增强

12月20-22日，来自德国、蒙古和日本企业的3个代表团慕名访问了水利部沙棘开发管理中心，就沙棘的种植和开发利用进行了广泛的交流和洽谈，希望建立合作关系，合资办厂，双方签定了意向合作协议。经过沙棘工作者们的多年努力工作，沙棘不仅在国内得到越来越多人的认识，     

HACCP系统在沙棘酒生产中的应用

本文介绍了HACCP系统在沙棘酒生产中的具体应用,确立了关键控制点、临界参数和纠正措施,从而提高了产品的卫生质量,保证了产品安全.     

第五届国际沙棘协会大会第二轮通知

由中华人民共和国水利部、青海省人民政府、国际沙棘协会主办的第五届国际沙棘协会大会于2011年9月3日-9月8日在青海西宁召开。会议主题：开发沙棘 和谐生态 健康生活 交流专题：沙棘种质资源选育和保护利用；沙棘资源建设和栽培管理；沙棘功能性食品和药品的应用研究；沙棘产品加工和市场开发；沙棘的水土保持生态建设     

全国沙棘学术研讨会在黑龙江省孙吴县召开

2010年8月14日至17日，全国沙棘学术研讨会在黑龙江省孙吴县召开。会议由水利部沙棘开发管理中心、中国水土保持学会沙棘专业委员会、黑龙江省黑河市委、黑河市政府主办，黑龙江省孙吴县县委、孙吴县人民政府承办。全国有关沙棘的管理、生产、科研和加工企业等方面的120多位代表参加了这次研讨会。中国水土保持学会、黑龙江省黑河市委及孙吴县委有关领导出席了大会开幕式。     

煤矿复垦区沙棘人工林土壤水分时空分布特征研究

【目的】探明煤矿复垦区沙棘人工林土壤水分时空分布特征,促进人工林培育过程中的水分管理。【方法】以鄂尔多斯市煤矿复垦区沙棘人工林为研究对象,开展了不同林龄的中国沙棘和大果沙棘人工林土壤水分时空分布特征研究。【结果】①随着林龄的增加,中国沙棘和大果沙棘林地土壤水分呈"减小-增加-减小"趋势;不同林龄中国沙棘和大果沙棘林地土壤水分存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中6 a林龄的中国沙棘林地土壤水分显著高于其他林龄林地土壤水分(P<0.05),3 a林龄的大果沙棘林地土壤水分显著高于其他林龄林地土壤水分(P<0.05)。②在0～100 cm土层中,6 a林龄的中国沙棘各土层之间土壤水分差异不显著,其余林龄中国沙棘和大果沙棘林地各土层之间土壤水分均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。③中国沙棘林地随着距树干距离的增加土壤水分呈增加趋势,大果沙棘林地随着距树干距离的增加土壤水分呈减小趋势。【结论】煤矿复垦区沙棘林地土壤水分差异较大,生产中需要根据具体的林龄、树木品种和土壤空间差异,采取适宜的水分管理措施。     

"叶用型沙棘育种研究"成果鉴定会在内蒙古召开

2004年7月25～26日,水利部国际合作与科技司在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市主持召开了由水利部沙棘开发管理中心承担的”叶用型沙棘育种研究”成果鉴定会。鉴定会由水利部国科司陈明忠副司长主持,水利部国科司科技处和水利部综合事业局的有关负责人也出席了会议。鉴定委员会由中国林业科学研究院黄铨研究员任主任委员,     

吴起县沙棘林抚育管理技术

本文针对陕西吴起县沙棘林的生长和经营情况,提出了幼龄沙棘林和成龄沙棘林抚育管理技术,沙棘林病虫害防治,种植园的管理等,为吴起县沙棘林经营管理和资源建设提供依据。     

以沙棘标准化促进沙棘资源建设和产业开发

沙棘大规模的种植与开发是近20多年来,随之沙棘标准不断完善,现已颁布行业标准10项、地方标准20多项、企业标准多项,基本形成了比较完善的标准化体系。沙棘标准涵盖了种子、苗木、育苗、种植、验收、效益监测、沙棘汁加工、沙棘果叶的采摘、沙棘籽油、沙棘黄酮、沙棘原汁等资源建设、行业管理、产品加工及产品标准等各个方面。这些标准的出台,有效地规范了育种、育苗、种植和管护过程,提高了种植成活率、保存率和成材率,加快了标准化示范区建设,提升了产品的质量和资源开发综合效益。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。