First record of Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii (Riley) [Hemiptera: Aphididae] in the Iberian Peninsula

Prociphilus (Meliarhizophagus) fraxinifolii is recorded for the first time on Fraxinus pennsylvanica in Spain. The species, which is of Nearctic origin, is also present in Europe in Hungary (from 2003), Serbia (from 2006) and Bulgaria (from 2007).     

CTV强弱毒株促进褐色橘蚜的取食

正由柑橘衰退病病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)引起的柑橘衰退病,对全世界柑橘产业造成了严重威胁。褐色橘蚜Toxoptera citricida(Kirkaldy)属半翅目蚜科,以非循回型半持久方式传播CTV,是CTV的最有效传播媒介~([1])。我国广泛分布着CTV的各种株系和传媒褐色橘蚜,对我     

6种农药对瓜蚜的毒力测定及田间药效

为了筛选防治西瓜瓜蚜的有效药剂,用6种药剂进行了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。结果表明,1.8%阿维菌素EC对瓜蚜的毒力最高,60g/L乙基多杀菌素SC毒力最低,48hLC50分别为0.38mg/L和2 225.63mg/L。6种药剂毒力大小依次为阿维菌素溴氰虫酰胺氟啶虫胺腈啶虫脒吡虫啉乙基多杀菌素。田间试验结果表明,1.8%阿维菌素EC 3 000倍、10%溴氰虫酰胺OD 2 000倍、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC 4 000倍对瓜蚜速效性及持效性均较好,3~14d防效均达到90%以上,防效差异不显著;20%啶虫脒WP 3 000倍和10%吡虫啉WP 3 000倍速效性及持效性均较差,1d防效分别为31.31%和6.66%,14d防效分别为57.39%和47.80%;60g/L乙基多杀菌素SC 1 000倍防效最差,药后14d的最高防效仅为34.70%。推荐田间轮换使用阿维菌素、溴氰虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈防治瓜蚜。     

Chemical composition and biological activity of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil against Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - This study investigated chemical composition, repellent and biocidal activities of Salvia officinalis essential oil against Aphis fabae. In total, 19...     

Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes of Some Tomato Cultivars after Infestation with Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at Qalyubiyah,Egypt

Tomato plants are severely infested with Aphis gossypii in all over the world. The present investigation aims at evaluating effects of tomato leaf biochemical components as well as leaflet surface physical features on the susceptibility of five tomato cultivars (Alissa, GS, Logan, Super Strain B and Andos). Results clearly indicated significant differences among the five tested tomato cultivars according to their susceptibility to A. gossypii infestation. In addition, the cultivars Logan and Andos are the most susceptible, while Super Strain B and Alissa cultivars showed moderate resistance. The GS cultivar, finally, was the most resistant one. Photosynthetic pigments, biochemical components and antioxidant defense enzymes activity were negatively affected by infestation. Moreover, the density and length of leaflet non-glandular trichomes negatively effect on the population density of A. gossypii, while this was not the case with glandular trichomes. From these results, the susceptibility of tomato cultivars on the basis of these results in the integrated aphids management programs.     

First report of Phylloxera quercus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) in Algeria

Surveys were conducted on 6 June 2015 in a suburban stand of Quercus ilex near Inoughissen (Province of Batna, Aurès Mountains). The results of the surveys are presented in this paper, which provides the first report of the presence of Phylloxera quercus in Algeria. Heavy infestations in 2015 are thought to be related to the high amount of rainfall recorded during the spring of that year. Symptoms included severely discoloured leaves and wounds on young shoots.     

大豆蚜阶段特异性经济阈值的制定

为制定大豆蚜Aphis glycines阶段特异性经济阈值,于2015—2018年连续4年开展田间试验,通过定点、定株调查和产量测定,运用回归分析法研究大豆4个特定生长阶段下不同密度大豆蚜侵染对其产量损失的影响。结果表明,在大豆4叶期—初花期阶段,大豆蚜侵染的累计蚜日及其种群增长率均最大,分别达到40 900头·日和0.184,大豆产量损失率也最高,达到了60.96%。大豆蚜的侵染密度与产量损失率在大豆出苗期—4叶期和4叶期—初花期阶段使用线性模型拟合的优度最高,在初花期—初荚期和初荚期—鼓粒期阶段使用对数曲线模型拟合的优度最高,并构建了各阶段的回归方程。基于反映市场价值和潜在产量变化的动态经济允许损害水平,得到大豆出苗期—4叶期、4叶期—初花期、初花期—初荚期和初荚期—鼓粒期阶段的平均蚜量阈值分别为79、227、323和460头/株;依据线性相关性转换得到更利于实际应用的阈值指标——有蚜株率和卷叶株率,如果提前3 d进行防治,则出苗期—4叶期阶段的有蚜株率阈值为17.88%,4叶期—初花期、初花期—初荚期和初荚期—鼓粒期阶段的卷叶株率阈值分别为4.78%、7.88%和12.59%。表...     

Resistance to common insecticides and mechanisms of resistance in Aphis pomi de Geer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in apple orchards in Turkey

Phytoparasitica - The Green apple aphid, Aphis pomi de Geer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most common and serious insect pests of apple orchards in Turkey. This species feeds on succulent...     

Temporal and spatial dynamics of insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Advances in understanding insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), at the genotypic, biochemical and molecular levels have led to rapid and precise methods for the detection of several resistance mechanisms (elevated carboxylesterase, modified acetylcholinesterase or MACE, and knockdown resistance or kdr) in individual insects, and for monitoring their frequencies over space and time. This paper summarises the results of two long-term surveys of resistance dynamics in M persicae in England, based on samples collected directly from field and glasshouse crops or from four 12.2-m suction traps. The study showed marked fluctuations in resistance frequencies that probably reflect the counteracting forces of selection imposed by insecticides for aphids possessing more copies of esterase resistance genes, and selection against these forms when insecticide use is relaxed. There is growing evidence that several different resistance mechanisms in M persicae have associated fitness costs. In the case of esterase and MACE, these costs are apparently strong enough to effect a decline in resistance frequency over winter, and a more prolonged decline over successive cropping seasons when aphid numbers are insufficient to trigger intensive chemical applications. Changes in the overall frequency of resistance genotypes may also be influenced by the predominance of year-round parthenogenesis in M persicae in the UK, leading to non-random associations between mechanisms and selection operating on clonal lineages rather than individual genotypes.     

大蒜根系分泌物对烟蚜的生物活性

为了探索大蒜根系分泌物粗提物及其四种成份对烟蚜的影响,分析大蒜在烟田套种生态系统中对烟蚜的控制作用,在室内利用固体琼脂培养法培养、分离了大蒜根系分泌物粗提物,并测定了该分泌物粗提物及其四种成份（邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、2,6-二异丙基苯酚、二烯丙基二硫和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚）对烟蚜的忌避、触杀等生物活性。大蒜根系分泌物粗提物对烟蚜有显著的忌避、触杀活性。大蒜根系分泌物粗提物为4 g/mL时,对烟蚜的忌避活性较好,忌避率在75.93%～80.56%,且对烟蚜的触杀活性也较好,其死亡率在92.22%～96.67%。大蒜根系分泌物4种成份对烟蚜也有显著的忌避、触杀活性。2,6-二异丙基苯酚对烟蚜的忌避活性较好,其忌避率在93.65%～100.00%;邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和2,6-二异丙基苯酚对烟蚜触杀活性较好,其死亡率在83.33%～92.22%。4种成份对烟蚜的忌避活性由强至弱顺序为2,6-二异丙基苯酚,二烯丙基二硫,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚;而触杀活性由强至弱顺序为2,6-二异丙基苯酚,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚,二烯丙基二硫。以上结果表明,大蒜根系分泌物粗提物及其4种成份对烟蚜均具显著的忌避、触杀作用,这为研制含大蒜根系分泌物或其4种成份的植物保护剂和间作套种大蒜等绿色防控措施防控烟蚜提供科学参考。     

寄生于棉蚜的三种绒螨幼螨记述

绒螨隶属蜱螨亚纲(Acari),真螨目(Acariformes),绒螨总科(Trombidioidea),绒螨科(Trombidiidae)。目前绒螨科及其近缘类群的分类在学者之间未有一致意见。其分类单位和分类系统仍在变动中(Zhang 1998)。据Welboum(1991)研究结果,绒螨科分为3个亚科。     

Efficacy of plant metabolites of imidacloprid against Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae)

The metabolism of the chloronicotinyl insecticide imidacloprid is strongly influenced by the method of application. Whilst in foliar application most of the residues on the leaf surface display unchanged parent compound, most of the imidacloprid administered to plants by soil application or seed treatment is metabolized more or less completely, depending on plant species and time. The present study revealed that certain metabolites of imidacloprid which have been described in crop plants are highly active against aphid pests in different types of bioassays. Some of these metabolites showed a high oral activity against the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), and the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). The aphicidal potency of the metabolites investigated was weaker in aphid dip tests than in oral ingestion bioassays using artificial double membranes. The most active plant metabolite was the imidazoline derivative of imidacloprid. The LC₅₀ values of this metabolite for M. persicae and A. gossypii in oral ingestion bioassays were in the lower ppb-range, i.e. 0·0044 and 0·0068 mg litre^-1, respectively. Most of the other reported metabolites showed much weaker activity. Compared to imidacloprid, the imidazoline derivative showed superior affinity to housefly (Musca domestica) head nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, while all other metabolites were less specific than imidacloprid. It seems possible that, after seed treatment or soil application, a few of the biologically active metabolites arising are acting in concert with remaining levels of the parent compound imidacloprid, thus providing good control and long-lasting residual activity against plant-sucking pests in certain crops. © 1998 SCI.     

Life history performance of Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae) on seven cucumber cultivars

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae) is an important pest of indoor and outdoor cucumber crops in Iran. We studied the life history performance of A. gossypii on seven cucumber cultivars (Negin, Pierro, Davos II, Royal safa, Dominus (Ps), Super pretty and TN-94-203) at 27 ± 1 ºC, 50% ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The developmental time for the nymphal stages ranged from 4.27 days on Pierro to 4.47 days on Negin, but differences among cultivars were not statistically significant. The lowest and highest survival rates for immature stages were 68.33% and 95% on Royal safa and TN-94-203, respectively. The total fecundity of A. gossypii significantly differed among cultivars, being the highest on Pierro (44.66 nymphs/female) and the lowest on Dominus (Ps) (69.89 nymphs/female). The lowest intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m) was obtained on Negin, and the highest on Super pretty. The generation time (T) was shortest on Pierro (7.41 days) and longest on Negin (8.32 days). According to our results, Super pretty and Negin were partially susceptible and resistant to A. gossypii, respectively. The findings of this study provide direction to design a more comprehensive integrated pest management program for this pest.