雷州半岛的红树林资源及对其保护发展措施

红树林是具有多种用途的护岸林。本文叙述了雷州半岛红树林的现状以及资源的消减变化情况,进而提出保护和发展红树林的一些措施。     

雷州半岛红树林及其保护

雷州半岛位于中国大陆最南端,拥有9284.3ha^2红树林,分布于100多处内湾或开阔海岸;其红树林有大型藻类69种,13种乡土真红树植物和9种乡土半红树植物,其它伴生植物100多种;另有引进7种真红树植物,其中无瓣海桑为速生外来树种,在当地人工红树林中占优势。红树林生境多样主要呈小斑块状分散分布,主要有17种群落类型,面临因人为活动和沿海污染的严重干扰,减弱了其作为过境鸟类栖息地的作用,因此,迫切需要采取有效的红树林保护措施。图1表4参18。     

燕山山地华北落叶松人工林群落生物多样性及其生物量的研究

研究了燕山山地华北落叶松人工林3种林分类型植物群落的生物多样性和生物量。结果表明:1)华北落叶松白桦混交林和华北落叶松山杨混交林植物物种数均高于华北落叶松纯林,3种类型群落优势种有很大差异。2)3种类型群落的α多样性指数均表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,2种华北落叶松混交林α多样性指数高于华北落叶松纯林。3)华北落叶松纯林乔木层生物量比例最高,达到99.33%,高于两种混交林;各器官生物量的分配规律为树干>树枝>树根>树皮>树叶,且所占比例有所差异。     

湛江红树林生物多样性保护探讨

对湛江红树林生物多样性历史与现状进行分析,并总结几年来湛江红树林保护区以中荷合作雷州半岛红树林综合管理和沿海保护项目为依托开展多层次的保护行动及所取得的成效,提出科学划分功能区、加强资源监测、社区共管和公众意识教育的建议。     

高寒草甸花卉生物多样性与生物量海拔梯度特征研究动态

高寒草甸是高山生态系统的主要组成部分,其特有的条件孕育了丰富的野生花卉资源.本文在综述有关高寒草甸生物群落多样性与生物量的研究成果的基础上,着重分析了生物多样性与海拔变化的关系、地上生物量及地下生物量与海拔变化的关系,以及多样性与生物量的关系,提出对于生物多样性与生物量海拔梯度的变化特征的研究应结合中国特有的三级阶梯和...     

昆明呼马山公园人工桉树林林下植被的多样性和生物量研究

昆明呼马山公园人工桉树林乔木层树种为单一的直杆桉,林下植被类型有灌木-草本型。草本层紫茎泽兰这一外来物种在整个林地的草本层中占据绝对优势,阳坡林下植被的Shannon-Wiener指数H/和Simpson指数D都比阴坡的要高。灌木层生物量低于草本层的生物量。     

北仑河口红树林

百里绿毯,铺地盖海。苍莽丛林,与清澈河水交相辉映。有海上森林之美誉的北仑河口红树林湿地,孕育着动人心魄的滨海美景和丰富的生物多样性。北仑河口保护区自西向东跨越北仑河口、万尾岛和珍珠湾(港湾),包括东起防城区江山乡白龙半岛,     

桂西南岩溶区不同恢复模式群落生物量及林下植物多样性

[目的]研究桂西南岩溶区不同恢复模式群落的生物量及其林下植物多样性的特点,为该区域的生物多样性保护、生态功能恢复效果评价积累基础数据。[方法]以桂西南岩溶区4种不同恢复模式为研究对象,采用样方法对林下植物多样性进行研究;采用收获法研究灌木层与草本层的地上、地下生物量及凋落物层现存量;采用异速生长模型来估算乔木层的地上生物量,并参考IPCC根茎比来量化乔木的地下生物量。[结果]表明:共调查记录林下植物85种,隶属于46科,81属,其中,灌木植物25科,46属,50种;草本植物21科,35属,35种;不同恢复模式群落生物量的变化趋势为自然恢复林(166.66 t·hm-2)任豆林(48.61 t·hm-2)吊丝竹林(36.54 t·hm-2)灌草坡(0.96 t·hm-2)。[结论]不同恢复模式灌木层物种丰富度差异不显著,最高的为灌草坡(16种),其次为任豆林(15种),最低为自然恢复林(12种);草本层物种丰富度最高的为任豆林(12种),其次为灌草坡(10种),最低为自然恢复林(4种)。自然恢复林乔木不同组分生物量与任豆林、吊丝竹林之间差异显著(P0.05);灌草坡的灌木、草本地上生物量与吊丝竹林、任豆林、自然恢复林之间差异显著(P0.05)。吊丝竹林、任豆林的灌草生物量表现为草本层灌木层,而灌草坡与自然恢复林的灌草生物量则表现为灌木层草本层。     

西气东输工程江西段沿线植物群落物种多样性及生物量特征

采用遥感图解译、样地调查与定性描述相结合的方法,对西气东输工程江西段沿线植物群落进行了分类,并对主要群落生物多样性、生物量等基本特征进行测量与分析。结果表明：①天然植被主要有4个植被型组14个群系,人工群落有6个植被型组17个群系;②群落间物种多样性变异较大,枫香群落最高,草丛群落最低。同时还表现出天然林群落比人工林群落高的特点;③不同群落间的生物量差异也较明显,杉木林最大为110.15 t/hm（2单位下同）,其次是马尾松人工林（97.28）、马尾松天然林（81.01）、枫香林（70.23）、木荷林（64.05）、毛竹林（64.00）、湿地松林（63.21）、苦槠林（32.00）、灌丛（5.15）、油茶林（3.57）,最小的是草丛群落,仅为0.45t/hm2。     

林下植被多样性、生物量及养分作用研究进展

林下植被是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,对森林生态系统的稳定性、生产力及养分循环具有重要影响,因此研究林下植被具有重要意义。但是以往由于研究方法、研究时限以及研究尺度等方面存在许多缺陷,对林下植被的认识还不统一,研究结论不够深刻。如何正确测定林下植被多样性及其生物量,合理评价林下植被对森林生态系统的作用,科学制定林下植被的管理措施,这些问题都值得进一步深入研究。文中对林下植被多样性、生物量及其养分作用3个方面的研究进行了分析总结,以期为今后林下植被研究、林下植被管理和森林可持续经营提供参考。     

浅析中荷合作雷州半岛红树林项目的管理与成效

从项目管理的角度对中荷合作雷州半岛红树林综合管理和沿海保护项目的实施和成效进行分析和小结,认为更新观念、科学设计、管理体系、合理配备人员和良好合作机制是项目取得成功的关键因素。     

Study onSonneratia apetala productivity in restored forests in Leizhou Peninsula, China

The exoticSonneratia apetala in Leizhou Peninsula, has shown outstanding fast-growing ability in restored mangrove forests, at the middle and high tide intertidal zone, with year-round fresh water input from drainage. By setting plot and selecting standard tree, investigation and measurement on height growth, diameter growth, biomass, productivity, and so on, were made in aS. apetala plantation at age of six at Lanbel, Fucheng, Leizhou Peninsula in May 2001. The investigating results showed that the mean annual height growth of plantation was 2.03 m and mean annual growth of diameter at breast height (DBH) was 2.35 cm. There exists a significant correlation between the diameter at ground surface (DGS) and DBH. The average biomass of a single standard tree in dry weight was 95.647 kg/m². A ratio of above-ground biomass to under-ground biomass was 1.60. The stand biomass of unit area was 22.955 kg/m², singletree wood volume was 88.23 dm³, and the annual wood volume productivity (P _A) of the same year was 0.407. The forest energy accumulation was 424.851 MJ/m², with annual solar energy fixing rate of 40.68×10⁻⁷%. It is concluded thatS. apetala species had characteristics of outstanding high biomass accumulation and could be used as coastal planting tree species in southern China. Foundetion item: The paper was supported by the project of integrated mangrove management and coastal protection (IMMCP) in Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province. Biography: Han Wei-dong (1963-), male, associate professor, in Zhanjiang Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong; and presently as postdoctoral researcher in Life Science College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P.R. China Responsible editor: Zhu Hong.     

The effects of benthos and wetland area on shorebird abundance and species richness in coastal mangrove wetlands of Leizhou Peninsula, China

Twenty-two species shorebirds were recorded on mangrove wetlands surrounding Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province, China. One recorded species, Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus), is listed as endangered in the IUCN Red List (World Conservation Union) and this was the first record of the species at Leizhou in this study. Most recorded species are listed in the Sino-Japan or Sino-Australia Agreement on Conservation of Migratory Birds. Dunlin (Calidris alpina), Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), and Greater Sand Plover (Charadrius leschenaultii) were dominant, accounting for 34%, 32%, and 12% of total individuals, respectively. Five survey sites were designated by habitat type. There was no significant difference in species, but total abundance differed significantly among survey sites. More species were recorded in winter and spring than in summer. One hundred and sixty-five species of benthos were recorded. Total mean biomass and density of benthos was 223.3 ± 74.8 g/m² (±S.E.), density 210.97 ± 67.6 ind./m², respectively. Mollusks accounted for 83.4% of total biomass, and 75.6% of total density. Both biomass and density of benthos varied significantly among survey sites. There was no significant difference between spring and autumn on biomass or density of benthos. There was a significant and negative correlation between number of shorebirds and densities of polychaetes on mudflats. Shorebird species richness (F_1,3 = 13.14, p = 0.036) and abundance (F_1,3 = 12.59, p = 0.037) were significantly and positively correlated with mudflat area. Stopping losses of mangrove habitat and tidal flats is the top priority measure for shorebird conservation. Reducing the impacts of human disturbance on both habitats and birds is an urgent necessity for mangrove wetland conservation management.     

基于生态系统经营的雷州半岛红树林空间结构研究

利用角尺度、混交度和大小比数3个林分空间结构参数,分析了雷州半岛红树林的空间结构。结果表明:1)由样地1→样地2→样地3→样地4,混交度为0.272→0.292→0.158→0.197,样地1和样地2为中度混交,样地3和样地4为弱度混交。2)在空间大小对比上,白骨壤直径大小比数在4块样地都较小,占有较大的优势;红海榄在各样地中都处于劣势和绝对劣势状态;其它树种平均大小比数都在0.5左右,生长上处于中庸状态。3)各样地林分平均角尺度分别为0.61,0.43,0.45,0.63,样地1、样地4的林木分布格局为团状分布,样地2、样地3为均匀分布。     

雷州半岛前沿恶劣潮间滩涂红树林造林树种的选择

就雷州半岛典型前沿潮间滩涂的红树植物种类、分布及土壤、水文因子等进行了全面的调查,在附城镇的前沿恶劣滩涂开展了红树植物的移植试验。移植2年后,通过各树种的成活率、生长量和抗逆性的比较,筛选出抗逆红树植物——白骨壤和抗逆速生红树植物——无瓣海桑,二者的造林成活率均高于70%。研究结果为广东省沿海红树林防护林的构建提供理论与技术支持。     

雷州半岛无瓣海桑恢复生态生产力的研究(英文)

无瓣海桑作为潮间带红树林外来树种,在有长年淡水排放条件的中高潮间带红树林生态恢复生境中具有优良速生特点。2001年5月对雷州半岛附城岚北的6年生无瓣海桑人工林进行了调查,林地样地和标准木调查结果显示,该人工林年平均树高生长为2.03 m,年平均胸径生长为2.35 cm;地径与胸径呈极显著相关性。标准木单株总生物量干重为95.647 kg,群落单位面积生物量为22.955 kg/m2;地上生物量与地下生物量之比为1.60;当年平均生物量积累为9.337 kg/m2;单株材积为88.23 dm3、当年材积的年生产力(PA)为0.407。群落单位面积热能积累为424.851×103 kJ,年太阳辐射能固定成生物量的转换率为40.68 ×10-7%。结果表明无瓣海桑在红树林树种中具有突出的高生物量生长积累特性,应作为我国南方海岸滩涂的优良速生造林树种加以推广。     

The mangrove and its conservation in Leizhou Peninsula, China

Leizhou Peninsula, located at southern end of mailand China, has 9284.3 ha mangrove distributed more than 100 sites along its inlets and open coastlines. This paper presents the surveys on mangrove area in Leizhou Peninsula during 2000 and 2008, especially the survey in the eight major mangrove areas in 2002. The flora recorded in mangrove systems includes 69 large algea species, 13 native true mangrove species, nine native semi-mangrove species, and another seven intoduced true mangrove species with Sonneratia apetala as the quickest growing exotic mangrove species dominatant in the mangrove plantations, and more than 100 land flora species, consisting of 17 main mangrove associations. The plant biodiversity habitats remained mainly small patches and diverse, and were becoming worse under the intensive disturbance of human acitivities and coastal pollutions, which decreased the value of mangrove coasts as the important sites for flying-by migrating birds in Leizhou Peninsula. The effective mangrove conservation measures should be implemented.     

雷州半岛桉树机械施肥的经济效益分析

以尾巨桉DH3327、尾叶桉U6、刚果12号W5三个无性系扦插苗为研究对象,通过对机械施肥与人工施肥经济效益进行对比,探索桉树种植效益最大化的施肥方法。试验结果表明：植苗林及二代萌芽林在同立地条件下,产量大小为DH3277〉U6〉W5;同树种条件下,机械施肥的经济效益比人工施肥的效益高。     

雷州半岛地区林下栽培平菇栽培料配方试验

在雷州半岛地区进行林下平菇栽培试验,栽培料中用不同量的桉树木屑代替棉籽壳,以获得适宜林下栽培平菇的栽培料配方.结果表明:桉树木屑可以替代部分棉籽壳进行林下栽培平菇,桉树木屑52％、棉籽壳26％、米糠20％、蔗糖1％、石膏粉1％是较适宜的配方,应用该配方可以明显提高平菇的菌丝生长速度和鲜菇产量,其生物转化率为102.5％,比对照高出10.3％.     

雷州半岛秋茄群落的种子雨动态研究

秋茄种子雨的质量和数量与时间分布影响着秋茄群落的更新演替。采用野外固定样方凋落物收集法,研究了雷州半岛太平镇麒麟村秋茄的凋落物数量质量特征,包括秋茄种子雨密度、种子雨强度、以及种子雨的时序特征等．结果表明：秋茄种子雨从当年12月初开始持续到次年5月下旬结束,种子雨有3个降落高峰,但以4月中旬降落的种子数量最多。