大豆种子保存方法的研究初报

利用春播和翻秋种子采用干燥器、冰箱等贮藏条件及种子回潮法研究贮存效果及寻求提高种子发芽率的简易方法,试验结果表明:在不同气候条件下形成的种子在不同的贮存条件下,经过一段贮存时间后,发芽率存在明显差异。翻秋种子优于春豆种子,低温贮存优于干燥器贮存,更优于纸袋贮存。贮存后的种子从贮存器取出后裸露于室内常温下回潮6d、20d,大部份品种的发芽率比当天从贮存器取出立即做发芽试验的高,提高幅度与贮存条件、种子来源有关,干燥器贮存的春豆种子提高的幅度最大,翻秋种子提高的幅度为最少。     

黄麻种质资源贮藏活力与植株性状的观察

１９６８年采收的２６１份黄麻资源种子，在实验室常温条件下，用干燥器密闭贮藏，其中长果种４９份，圆果种２１２份。１９８９年测定结果表明，发芽率８１％以上的品种份数，占贮藏总份数的６３．２％，发芽率６１—８０％的占２２．２％，发芽率６０％以下的占１４．６％。１９９１—１９９２两年种植贮藏的长、圆果种共１２份，没有观察到生育特性、植株形态和单株生产力的明显变化。１９９３年４月测定１１份长、圆果种品种的种子含水量范围为２．９１—４．６４％，有９份品种的发芽率达９０％以上，表明黄麻种质资源贮藏在内放干燥剂的干燥器内是安全的。     

超干贮藏黄麻种子后代产量与农艺性状分析

３个圆果黄麻品种用干燥器贮藏０．５年，５年，１２年，含水量分别为２．０５％，１．７５％，１．３７％。不同贮藏年份种子的后代，其原麻产量和生育期，株高，分叉高，茎粗，鲜皮厚等主要农艺性状差异不显著，不同品种表现一致，说明黄麻种子超干燥贮藏未引起遗传稳定性的变化。     

干燥器保存油菜种子的遗传稳定性研究

贮藏于密封干燥器中的油菜种子活力、田间植株生长发育节律和形态及农艺性状的研究结果表明，保存时间超过１１ａ，种子含水量可降至４％以下。于燥器中保存１１ａ的种子产生的变异为可逆的生理性变化，保存时间超过１８ａ则发生不可逆的遗传性劣变。初步确认利用密封干燥器和适宜干燥剂能安全保存油菜种子１０ａ左右。     

黄麻种质资源贮藏活力与植株性状的观察

１９６８采收的２６１份黄麻资源种子，在实验室常温条件下，用干燥器密闭贮藏，其中长果种４９份，圆果种２１２份。１９８９年测定结果表明，发芽率８１％以上的品种份数，占贮藏总份数的６３。２％，发芽率６１－６８％的占２２．２％，发芽率６０％以下的占１４．６％。１９９１－１９９２两年种植贮藏的长、圆果种共１２份，没有观察到生育特性、植株形态和单株生产力的明显变化。１９９３年４月测定１１份长、圆果品种的种子含     

不同贮藏方法对甘蔗种子生活力的影响

在沙贾汉普尔甘蔗研究所进行了两种贮藏方法对五个甘蔗杂种CP44/101×COS510 ,CoS8407×DW82-208,Co312×BO17,MS6847×Co1148和Co1148G.C种子生活力影响的研究 ,这两种贮藏方法分别为 :(1)把种子包装在塑料袋里 ,置于室温下贮藏(室温贮藏) ,(2)把种子包装在塑料袋里 ,置于冰箱架子上贮藏(冰箱贮藏)。研究结果表明 ,在室温条件下 ,贮藏到90天时 ,甘蔗种子生活力降低37.79% ,贮藏到120天时 ,种子生活力降低99.66 %。在冰箱里 ,贮藏到240天时 ,种子生活力降低50.50% ,贮藏到300天时 ,种子生活力降低86.62 %。因此 ,若只是短期贮藏 ,把袋装甘蔗种子贮藏置于冰箱架子上比置于室温下贮藏更好。研究认为 ,甘蔗种子可以在室温条件下贮藏一个月 ,在这个时间内种子生活力平均只降低9.03 % ,而在冰箱架子上却可以贮藏四个月 ,在这个时间内种子生活力平均才降低3.68%。     

苎麻人工种子在不同条件下的发芽特性与贮藏特性

本文对苎麻人工种子无菌条件、有菌土壤上的发芽特性及其贮藏特性进行了深入研究。芝麻不定芽人工种子在１／４ＭＳ发芽基质上１００％发芽、１００％生根；无菌滤纸上７１％发芽、２９％生根；在胶囊内添１００ｕ／ｍｌ青霉素、０．１％ＣＴＭ作为防腐剂制作的人工种子播种到沙石肥土中，有１５．３％发芽、８．２％生根；将低温和液体石蜡相结合贮藏芝麻人工种子１２０ｄ后取出播种到１／４ＭＳ发芽基质上２５％发芽、５％生根。单用低温、液体石蜡都不能长时间贮藏苎麻人工种子。     

春花生种子药剂处理后贮藏时间对种子活力的影响

用代号为９０１１和９０１３两种药剂分别处理春花生种子，进行密闭贮藏早春播种后继续进行非密闭贮藏，翌年在实验和田间进行比较试验。结果表明，药剂处理的种子出苗率比未处理的高，与秋花生种子相当，产量高于没有药剂处理的春花生种子和秋花生种子；药剂处理时间越长，与对照比较效果越显著；药剂处理密闭贮藏的春花生种子经一段时间后进行非密闭贮藏，仍能有效保持种活力；秋花生种子早季播种发芽率高，但以后种子活力下降快，     

不同包装规格与绿茶品质的关系研究

用不同的包装规格，不同的贮藏条件，研究茶叶在贮藏过程中外形、香气、汤色、滋味随时间的变化规律，结果表明，冰箱(0～5℃)贮藏比室内自然贮藏效果要好；外形的变化主要受密封、光线影响；香气主要受密封条件影响；滋味、汤色受光线、温度、水分影响较大；光线对干茶色泽、汤色有较大影响。     

苎麻人工种子在不同条件下的发芽特性与贮藏特性

本文对苎麻人工种子无菌条件、有菌土壤上的发芽特性及其贮藏特性进行了深入研究。苎麻不定芽人工种子在１／４ＭＳ发芽基质上１００％发芽、１００％生根；无菌滤纸上７１％发芽、２９％生根；在胶囊内添１００ｕ／ｍｌ青霉素、０．１％ＣＴＭ作为防腐剂制作的人工种子播种到沙石肥土中，有１５．３％发芽、８．２％生根；将低温和液体石蜡相结合贮藏苎麻人工种子１２０ｄ后取出播种到１／４ＭＳ发芽基质上２５％发芽、５％生根。单     

人工老化处理对芝麻种子生理生化特性的影响

以郑芝4号黑芝麻种子为材料,研究了人工加速老化处理对种子发芽指标﹑丙二醛(MDA)含量﹑过氧化物酶(POD)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。试验结果表明：随着种子老化加深,发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数﹑活力指数逐渐降低, 丙二醛含量逐渐升高。另外,老化种子内POD活性和SOD活性变化的总趋势是随老化时间延长而降低。由此认为芝麻种子人工老化及劣变的主要机制与抗氧化酶活性降低与和膜脂过氧化作用加剧有关。人工老化种子生活力出现快速下降的发芽势拐点是80%,其下降的趋势又与POD活性下降非常一致,POD可作为一个检测指标显示种子活力高低及丧失的特征。     

Effects of debittering methods on the proximate composition,organoleptic and functional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed flour

Sesame seeds were boiled and allowed to sprout under ambient condition (30±2 °C) with an objective to reduce or eliminate the bitter taste associated with them. The untreated seeds were used as a control. The proximate composition, functional and organoleptic properties of defatted sesame flour were assessed at room temperature. There was a slight increase (about 10%) in protein content of sprouted seeds. The foaming capacity of flours from untreated, sprouted and boiled seeds were 34.6, 38.5 and 11.5%, respectively. The flour from the boiled seeds had the highest foam stability. Flours from untreated or sprouted seeds, gelation started at the least concentration of 6% whereas that from boiled seed was 11%. The emulsion capacity of flours from the untreated or sprouted seeds was the same (27.6 g oil/g sample) while that from boiled seeds was 12.9 g oil/g sample. Emulsion stability with prolonged storage appeared to be more with flours from the sprouted or boiled seeds than that from the untreated ones. The water absorption properties of flours from the untreated, sprouted and boiled seeds were 8.0, 5.9 and 6.5 g H₂O/g sample, respectively whereas the oil absorption capacity same (5.9 g oil/g sample). The bitter taste in flours from the untreated or sprouted was high. The bitter taste was not detected in flour from boiled seeds and the functional properties of the flour were not deleteriously affected except foaming and emulsion capacity. Therefore, this boiling method of debittering sesame seed could be practised. The quality of sesame flour obtained with this boiling method could still serve its role in traditional dishes and in the formulation of some other conventional food products.     

Sesame oleosin and prepro-2S albumin expressed as a fusion polypeptide in transgenic rice were split, processed and separately assembled into oil bodies and protein bodies

A recombinant polypeptide containing the precursor protein of a sesame storage protein, 2S albumin, fused to the C-terminus of a sesame oleosin was expressed in transgenic rice seeds under the control of a rice glutelin promoter. The recombinant polypeptide of 32 kDa, equivalent to the resultant molecular mass of sesame oleosin (15 kDa) and prepro-2S albumin (17 kDa), was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum fraction of maturing transgenic rice seeds, but not in the purified oil bodies or the soluble extract of transgenic seeds. However, sesame oleosin presumably fused with a 2 kDa C-terminal appendix originating from the signal sequence of prepro-2S albumin, was found in the purified oil bodies, and mature sesame 2S albumin apparently processed into two subunits (9 and 4 kDa) linked by disulfide bonds was detected in extracts of transgenic seeds. Immunogold labeling revealed that the sesame oleosin and 2S albumin were separately located in oil bodies and protein bodies of embryo cells of transgenic rice seeds. While sesame 2S albumin was also detected in protein bodies of endosperm cells of transgenic seeds, the co-expressed sesame oleosin, probably degraded due to the lack of oil bodies in this tissue, and was not detected. The results provide a new technique for introducing two recombinant polypeptides separately into rice oil bodies and protein bodies from one expression construct.     

Sesame oleosin and prepro-2S albumin expressed as a fusion polypeptide in transgenic rice were split,processed and separately assembled into oil bodies and protein bodies

A recombinant polypeptide containing the precursor protein of a sesame storage protein, 2S albumin, fused to the C-terminus of a sesame oleosin was expressed in transgenic rice seeds under the control of a rice glutelin promoter. The recombinant polypeptide of 32 kDa, equivalent to the resultant molecular mass of sesame oleosin (15 kDa) and prepro-2S albumin (17 kDa), was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum fraction of maturing transgenic rice seeds, but not in the purified oil bodies or the soluble extract of transgenic seeds. However, sesame oleosin presumably fused with a 2 kDa C-terminal appendix originating from the signal sequence of prepro-2S albumin, was found in the purified oil bodies, and mature sesame 2S albumin apparently processed into two subunits (9 and 4 kDa) linked by disulfide bonds was detected in extracts of transgenic seeds. Immunogold labeling revealed that the sesame oleosin and 2S albumin were separately located in oil bodies and protein bodies of embryo cells of transgenic rice seeds. While sesame 2S albumin was also detected in protein bodies of endosperm cells of transgenic seeds, the co-expressed sesame oleosin, probably degraded due to the lack of oil bodies in this tissue, and was not detected. The results provide a new technique for introducing two recombinant polypeptides separately into rice oil bodies and protein bodies from one expression construct.     

花生条纹病毒在芝麻上流行研究初报

调查和试验结果说明：感染ＰＳｔＶ的花生是芝麻黄花叶病毒病主要初浸染源．桃蚜传毒效率最高，为３５％，豆蚜、大豆蚜和棉蚜传毒效率均很低．病害流行与蚜虫发生密切相关．供试的１０个芝麻栽培品种均不抗病，但存在一定成株期抗性。自花生条纹病毒（ＰＳｔＶ）感染的芝麻病株上收获的种子，种植后未发现病毒种传现象。     

芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白的基因克隆和原核表达

为克隆黑、白芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白Oleosins的基因并在原核细胞中对其进行表达,本研究分别提取黑、白芝麻的总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,根据序列设计简并引物,扩增芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白Oleosins基因的完整开放阅读框,并与pET-28a载体连接,测序鉴定后转化大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)及用IPTG诱导表达。结果表明克隆获得黑、白芝麻主要过敏原油质蛋白Oleosins的全长基因约为438bp的开放阅读框(包括终止密码子),编码145个氨基酸。所编码的蛋白相对分子质量约为15.5kDa,为小分子量蛋白,等电点为5.18,与理论值相符。序列同源性分析发现其与数据库中已知的黑、白芝麻油质蛋白Oleosins基因同源性很高(GenBank黑、白芝麻油质蛋白基因登录号分别为EU999158和EU999159),并在DE3中高效表达。     

不同硒源对芝麻富硒效应的影响

芝麻品种豫芝10号施用不同含硒量的硒矿粉、富硒复混肥(含硒复混肥)、亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)溶液试验结果表明:①不同形态的硒源均能提高芝麻的含硒量,施入3种不同形态硒源的芝麻植株含硒量为0.216mg/kg～0.614mg/kg,比对照的0.108mg/kg高120.65%～456.11%,平均提高了277.5%;②芝麻不同部位的富硒效果不同,籽粒＞荚＞叶＞根,生殖器官优于营养器官;③营养器官中较成熟的叶片含硒量大于较幼嫩的叶片,说明芝麻的富硒存在着一个积累的过程;④在当季的芝麻栽培中,施用Na2SeO3的芝麻籽粒中含硒量平均为1.1185mg/kg,富硒复混肥处理平均为0.6545mg/kg,富硒矿粉处理为0.4390mg/kg,比对照(0.1640mg/kg)增加167.7%～ 582.0%,平均增加345.9%.3种硒源的当季效果依次为Na2SeO3＞富硒复混肥＞富硒矿粉;⑤用Na2SeO3溶液根外追施,其适宜、经济有效的浓度为50mg/kg～100mg/kg,超过350mg/kg时,芝麻叶片灼伤严重,籽粒含硒量降低.     

芝麻蒴果及种子的生长发育特性

通过对芝麻品种中芝11蒴果及种子的生长发育过程中蒴果长度、体积及鲜干重和种子鲜干重、活力及种子中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和脂肪酸含量的测定，获得结果如下：（1）蒴果长度和体积在24～27d达到最大值，随后进入失水收缩阶段，30d左右基本定型。（2）籽粒干重在授粉后36d达到最大值，此时种子发芽率、发芽势和活力指数均为最高，即此时种子已经达到生理成熟。（3）侧位蒴果与中位蒴果的发育基本同步，但各项指标均弱于中位蒴果。（4）种子中粗蛋白质在种子发育15d以前便已达到一定水平，随后缓慢增加，粗脂肪在种子发育的18d之前增长迅速，18d以后积累较缓慢，第33d到达最大值，不同脂肪酸含量变化不同。     

周口生态区12个芝麻新品种主要农艺性状的相关分析

为了给芝麻新品种选育提供参考,对周口生态区12个芝麻新品种主要农艺性状进行了比较及相关性分析。结果表明:周10J5、驻11J19、周芝5号等品种产量较高,综合农艺性状较好,抗病性较好。相关性分析显示,芝麻产量与每蒴粒数、单株产量、单株蒴数、果轴长、株高、千粒重、空稍尖呈正相关,与始蒴高呈负相关。     

Bioavailability of iron from four different local food plants in Jordan

The bioavailability of iron from local plants(black cumin seeds, milk thistle seeds, sesame seedsand thyme leaves) was investigated. Apparentabsorption of iron was calculated by subtracting fecal iron(using total collection of feces) from iron intake inSprague-Dawley rats. Two trials of animal feeding wereperformed. Liver and serum concentrations of iron, andserum hemoglobin concentration were taken as responseparameters for the bioavailability. Dry thyme wasparticularly rich in iron (117.2 mg/100 g dry matter)and milk thistle seeds in crude fiber (25 g/100 g drymatter). Rats fed the dry thyme diet or thatsupplemented with 5% egg white died but when the dietwas supplemented with 10% egg white, the animalssurvived. Iron intake and apparent and total ironabsorption were highest for the rats fed the drythyme-egg white diet. Liver weights for the groups fedblack cumin seeds and dry thyme were significantlyhigher (p < 0.05) than those for the groups fed milkthistle and sesame seeds. Liver content of ironwas highest for the animals fed black cumin seeds.Serum iron content increased significantly (p < 0.05)for the animals fed black cumin seeds, and serumhemoglobin concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the groups fed milk thistle seed and blackcumin seed diets, but decreased for the group fed thethyme-egg white diet. It is concluded from this studythat iron was better utilized from black cumin seedsas indicated by liver storage of iron. On the otherhand, thyme had the highest iron absorption but lowestutilization.