伊维菌素干混悬剂对绵羊寄生虫的驱杀效果与安全性研究

选择1．5～2．0岁自然感染线虫和外寄生虫绵羊150只，分别按体重0．1、0．2、0．3mg／kg剂量口服伊维菌素干混悬剂，同时设口服伊维菌素片剂对照。结果显示，口服伊维菌素干混悬剂0．2、0．3mg／kg组绵羊的消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为93．3％和100％，减少率分别为99．2％和100％；原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为90．0％和100％，减少率分别为94．5％和100％；平均驱虫率分别为98．4％和99．9％；绵羊颚虱、绵羊足颚虱全部被杀死，羊蜱蝇的转阴率分别为83．3％和87．5％。口服0．1mg／kg组绵羊的线虫虫卵（幼虫）转阴率、减少率、驱虫率均次于0．2、0．3mg／kg剂量组，对绵羊颚虱、羊蜱蝇的杀虫率较低。绵羊口服0．5mg／kg伊维菌素干混悬剂未出现明显异常反应。表明伊维菌素干混悬剂与片剂有同等的驱虫效果与安全性。     

伊维菌素注射剂对绵羊羊狂蝇蛆的驱除效果研究

应用伊维菌素注射剂,选择自然感染羊狂蝇蛆的绵羊80只,分别按0.1、0.2和0.3 mg/kg体重皮下注射,进行驱除效果观察,同时设阳性对照组。结果表明,伊维菌素注射剂0.2、0.3 mg/kg剂量组对羊狂蝇蛆的驱净率和驱虫率均达100%;0.1 mg/kg剂量组的驱净率为90.0%、驱虫率为97.7%。试验结果证明伊维菌素注射剂3个试验剂量驱除羊狂蝇蛆均高效安全,且使用0.2 mg/kg剂量可达100%的驱除效果。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂对绵羊狂蝇蛆的杀灭效果观察

应用伊维菌素浇泼剂对感染羊鼻蝇幼虫的249只绵羊进行驱治试验,并留30只感染羊作为阳性对照组,投药后33～37d剖检。结果：阳性对照组羊鼻蝇幼虫感染率为53．33％,平均感染强度9．5（4～17）：伊维菌素浇泼剂对感染羊鼻蝇幼虫的驱净率97．62％,驱虫率98．74％。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂对绒山羊羊鼻蝇蛆的驱杀效果试验

绒山羊羊鼻蝇蛆是由羊鼻蝇的幼虫寄生在绒山羊的鼻腔和与其相通的腔窦内所引起的寄生虫病,是危害绒山羊的重要的寄生虫病之一.调查结果表明,我镇绒山羊羊鼻蝇蛆的感染率在45%左右.长期以来,先后用敌百虫、敌敌畏进行单项治疗,取得了比较好的效果.然而绒山羊遭受寄生虫的侵袭,多为线虫、蜘蛛昆虫等的混合感染,这给防治工作增加了一定的难度.因此,选用高效、广谱、低毒及使用方便的药剂尤为重要.     

伊维菌素干混悬剂驱除绵羊寄生虫的扩大试验

应用伊维菌素干混悬剂,驱除绵羊体内线虫和体外寄生虫。结果:0.2mg/kg体重剂量对消化道主要线虫及网尾线虫的虫卵(幼虫)转阴率、减少率均为100%,原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率和减少率分别为91.3%、91.8%,对线虫的总计驱虫率98.9%:对绵羊颚虱的杀虫率为100%。结果证明:伊维菌素干混悬剂0.2mg/kg剂量一次用药,驱除绵羊主要线虫和虱等寄生虫,高效安全。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂驱除猪蛔虫效果与安全性试验

应用伊维菌素干混悬剂进行了驱除猪蛔虫的效力及安全性试验。结果：0．3mg/kg b.w剂量对猪蛔虫的虫卵转阴率、虫卵减少率和驱虫率均达100％，猪可耐受1．5mg/kg剂量。试验证明伊维菌素干混悬剂驱除猪蛔虫安全高效，投药方便，成本较低，具有推广前景。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂对绵羊线虫病的防治效果观察

线虫病是放牧绵羊常见的重要寄生虫病之一,常引起感染羊的春季虫性腹泻和瘦弱死亡。依据其当地流行规律,掌握好驱虫时间和选用广谱、高效、低毒药物及其使用方便的剂型,才能获得良好的防治效果。伊维菌素是广谱抗线虫、节肢动物药物,已广泛用于兽医临床防治畜禽的多种寄生虫病。伊维菌素干混悬剂是一种使用方便的新剂型。在已有试验的基础上,我们于2005年5月应用本品进行了对绵羊线虫病的防治效果观察。现报告如下。     

伊维菌素干混悬剂对绵羊寄生虫的驱除试验

伊维菌素是一种具有广谱、高效、低毒特点的抗生素类抗寄生虫药物,已有多种兽医临床使用的制剂产品,在生产中应用其防治效果满意.伊维菌素干混悬剂是使用方便的新剂型,为进一步观察其对绵羊线虫和部分蜘蛛昆虫的临床药效,笔者等进行了本项试验,报告如下.     

伊维菌素控制春乏期羊狂蝇蛆病试验

目的为有效预防和控制羊狂蝇蛆病的发生。方法选用伊维菌素在羊狂蝇成虫完全消失的11月进行驱杀羊狂蝇蛆试验,并以敌敌畏熏蒸作为对照。结果在来年羊狂蝇成蝇出现之前的长达7个月的冬春枯草季节,伊维菌素组驱虫率和驱净率均保持100％,而敌敌畏熏蒸组驱虫率保持94．69％,驱净率仅保持60％。结论选择每年11月份用伊维菌素驱虫一次,可使羊在冬春季节无任何阶段羊狂蝇幼虫寄生。     

伊维菌素和阿维菌素对驯鹿狂蝇蛆Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期幼虫的驱杀试验

随机选取自然感染驯鹿狂蝇蛆Ⅱ、Ⅲ期幼虫的驯鹿60只（雌、雄各30只），将其分为3组，分别为伊维菌素组、阿维菌素组和空白对照组，每组20只（雌、雄各10只），进行驱杀驯鹿狂蝇蛆试验。结果表明，伊维菌素和阿维菌素对驯鹿狂蝇蛆Ⅱ期幼虫的驱杀率均为1009／5，而对Ⅲ期幼虫的驱杀率分别为99．7％和96．6％。     

阿苯达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊线虫的效力与安全性试验

应用阿苯达唑干混悬剂按10mg/kg、15mg/kg、20mg/kg剂量驱除绵羊线虫,并设药物对照组和空白对照组。粪检结果:阿苯达唑干混悬剂三个试验剂量组对羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为83.3%、93.3%和96.7%,减少率分别为95.2%、98.8%和99.9%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为63.3%、83.3%和93.3%,减少率分别为76.1%、87.5%和94.2%。剖检结果:三个剂量组对线虫的总计驱虫率分别为96.9%、98.3%和99.4%。阿苯达唑原料药15mg/kg剂量对羊消化道线虫虫卵转阴率、减少率分别为90%和98.5%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率、减少率分别为83.3%和86.9%,总计驱虫率98.5%。绵羊能耐受80mg/kg剂量。试验证明:阿苯达唑干混悬剂的驱虫活性及安全性与阿苯达唑原料药、片剂等无明显差异,均有良好驱虫效果,临床驱除绵羊线虫使用剂量以15mg/kg为宜,干混悬剂使用方法简便,特别适用于高原牧区,具有推广价值。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂对绵羊线虫的驱虫效力与安全性试验

应用0.5%伊维菌素浇泼剂按0.3,0.4,0.5mg/kg.b w剂量对绵羊沿背中线皮肤一次浇泼给药,并以伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg.b w剂量做对照。结果:伊维菌素浇泼剂0.3mg/kg,0.4mg/kg.b w剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率分别为85%和90%,减少率分别为89.1%和95.9%;对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率分别为60%和75%,减少率分别为77.2%和86.7%;0.5mg/kg.b w剂量对消化道线虫虫卵转阴率和减少率均为100%,对原圆科线虫幼虫转阴率为85%,减少率为95.4%。解剖检查结果:伊维菌素浇泼剂三种剂量对绵羊消化道、呼吸道多属线虫均有效,总计驱虫率分别为90.8%,95.6%和99.7%,伊维菌素浇泼剂0.5mg/kg.b w剂量与伊维菌素注射剂0.2mg/kg.b w剂量驱虫效果基本一致;绵羊经皮给药可耐受1.0mg/kg.b w剂量。试验证明:伊维菌素浇泼剂经皮给药驱除绵羊线虫高效安全,临床推荐剂量以0.5mg/kg.b w为宜。     

芬苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱除效力试验

应用芬苯达唑干混悬剂,分别按5,10,20mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫,并设吡喹酮片剂20mg/kg体重剂量药物对照组和阳性对照组。粪检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5,10,20mg/kg剂量对裸头科绦虫的粪便虫卵(节片)转阴率分别为70.0%、100.0%和100.0%。用药后14d剖检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5mg/kg体重剂量对莫尼茨绦虫、无卵黄腺绦虫的驱虫率分别为70.7%、63.0%;10、20mg/kg体重剂量的驱虫率均达100.0%。结果表明10mg/kg和20mg/kg体重芬苯达唑干混悬剂试验剂量对绵羊裸头科2属绦虫均有效,其中10mg/kg以上剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫高效安全。     

Epidemiology of Oestrus ovis (Linneo, 1761) infestation in goats in Spain

This survey was conducted to determine the chronobiology and seroprevalence of nasal bot infestation (Oestrus ovis) in Spain and to identify the risk factors associated with this disease in caprine herds.

A total of 1590 sera from adult goats were collected at random on 175 farms in southwestern Spain. Sera were tested by ELISA, using crude protein from second stage larvae as antigen. The mean seroprevalence was 46.04% and mean percentage of optical densities was 41.83. These data indicate a high prevalence of this parasite in the investigated areas. The serological survey revealed that goats managed at higher altitudes, at meridians latitudes and on farms with small herds had a smaller probability of infestation. Eighty goat heads, obtained from abattoirs in the central region of Spain, were collected and examined for nasal botflies from February to October 2002. O. ovis larval stages were recovered from the nasal-sinus cavities of 23 goats, reaching a prevalence of 34.94%. The mean larval burden was 3.9 larvae per infested head. No first instars were found during February and March, when the second instar reached its larger count. The third instar was observed in very small number during the whole period of study, with one peak occurring in July–August. These data show the existence of a favourable period for the development of larval instars of O. ovis in goats that starts in February and finishes in September.     

Further evidence that zinc sulphate compromises the efficacy of dipping treatments using diazinon to control sheep lice (Bovicola ovis)

Objective To compare the wettability and efficacy of diazinon dip wash made with and without the addition of zinc sulphate.
Design Field experiments using a shower and a plunge dip complemented by in-vitro wettability experiments.
Procedure A flock of infested sheep was divided into groups and treated in a shower dip with clear or cloudy dam water plus up to 1.5% zinc sulphate. Another infested line of sheep was treated using a plunge dip with nil or 1% zinc sulphate. In both experiments, wetting was assessed after dipping and louse counts were conducted for 9 months after treatment. Five in-vitro experiments compared the wettability of dip wash containing diazinon with up to 1.5% zinc sulphate added.
Results In the shower dipping experiment, live lice were found at 1 month after dipping in the cloudy water groups with 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.5% zinc sulphate and at 2 months in the 0.75% zinc sulphate group. No lice were found at subsequent inspections or at any time in the groups that were plunge dipped. Zinc sulphate decreased the amount of dip wash retained by wool staples in all in-vitro experiments (P < 0.05).
Conclusion Zinc sulphate should be considered as a risk factor that could cause failure to eradicate a lice infestation. The risk can be overcome by ensuring that all sheep are saturated at dipping and that the dip wash, and any holding tanks, are agitated throughout the dipping event.     

PCR-based detection of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks

Tick-borne diseases in ruminants are common in tropical and subtropical regions and lead to meat and milk production losses. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the presence of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks. We have demonstrated that the PCR enabled detection of T. ovis in field isolates of R. bursa collected from naturally infested sheep and goats in eastern Turkey. The sampling was done in spring season (between May and June 2004). A total of 420 R. bursa were collected and randomly selected 192 number of them (97 female and 95 male) were dissected. Primers specific for 520 bp fragments small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssu rRNA) gene of T. ovis amplified products from 37 of the 192 (19.27%) samples. The parasite was detected in 17 (17.52%) female and in 20 (21.05%) male ticks. Two T. ovis amplicons from the tick samples were purified and sequenced. The resulting sequences were identical to the nucleotide sequence of the Turkish sheep strain of T. ovis. These results showed that R. bursa might play an important role in the field as a natural vector of T. ovis.