共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
为了有效地应对入世后出口蔬菜面临的种种技术壁垒挑战.2002年11月份起从出口蔬菜基地灌溉水和土壤农药残留普查、蔬菜农药残留量检测、基地所用农药有效成分分析、日本官方未登记农药监控4个方面,实施对宁波出口蔬菜基地农药残留量的监控工作。结果表明,基地灌溉水和土壤农药残留污染轻微,土壤农药残留量达到我国土壤环境质量一级与二级标准;蔬菜农药残留量控制良好,农药残留量均未超过输入国规定的限量要求:农药有效成分经分析与标识一致:重点监控了日本官方未登记或登记已失效而在宁波地区个别农民可能使用的农药,确保蔬菜的卫生质量。 相似文献
2.
发展蔬菜,以成为广大农民致富的途径之一。但是,蔬菜极易遭受病虫危害,常造成不同程度的减产。而大量使用农药仍是当前防治病虫的主要手段,由于化学农药的大量使用,对人类健康影响日显突出,尤其是保护地生产,因不受风雨影响,日照量少,致使农药不流失,分解慢,残留量大,再加上用药,采收频繁,忽视安全间隔期,食用农药残留量超标蔬菜而引起的中毒事件屡有发生,据有关资料报导,全国1998年吃蔬菜中毒人数达10万人,死亡2300人,因农药残留量检验不合格的出口农产品被退货金额达74亿美元。因此,让人们吃上放心菜,保证人们身体健康,成为当前迫切需要解决的问题。 相似文献
3.
4.
唐山市农药监督管理站 《农药科学与管理》2002,23(5):43
2002年6月,唐山市农药监督管理站对全市主要农产品生产基地,蔬菜批零市场的蔬菜瓜果农药残留量进行了抽样检测,抽样范围包括13个县(市)区,25个蔬菜生产基地、14个批发零售市场,从人们日常食用的33个果菜品种中抽取了313个样品。检测结果表明,唐山市蔬菜农药残留量明显降低。一是各种蔬菜农药残留量普遍减少。今年检测的313个样品农药残留毒速测阳性率平均值为16.68%,与去年同期检测的399个样品平均值相比,降低了5.83%;二是农药残留超标率有所降低。按照NY/T448-2001标准规定,农药残留抑制率… 相似文献
5.
五十至七十年代,防治蔬菜病虫害多以施用化学农药为主,由于未及时注意合理轮换,因病虫产生抗性而不断加大用药量,导致蔬菜上农药残留量增大。据近几年对市场蔬菜进行残留量检测,有些农药残留量大大超过国家和国际规定的标准。如1980年湖 相似文献
6.
7.
解决农作物农药残留及生物防治问题的建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着改革开放的不断深入,特别是我国进入WTO后,农产品的出口不断扩大,但出口受阻也不断增加,如拒收、退货、索赔、终止合同等现象经常发生,其最主要的原因就是农产品的农药残留过高,达不到无公害农产品标准。近几年来,各新闻媒体报道的陕西苹果问题、浙江茶叶问题、山东蔬菜问题等等,都是因为农药残留超标和受阻。 相似文献
8.
《农药科学与管理》2014,(7)
采用温室与露地对比试验法研究了露地和温室大棚2种生产环境中毒死蜱、氟啶脲等2种杀虫剂和甲基硫菌灵、嘧菌酯等2种杀菌剂在青椒、青菜、小油菜和黄瓜等4种蔬菜中最终残留量的差异,并运用方差分析法了环境因子(温室与露地)、施药次数、施药剂量等主要因子对最终农药残留量差异的贡献进行了分析。田间比对试验结果表明,温室中蔬菜的最终农药残留量明显高于露地,差异倍数最大的达到29.75。方差分析结果表明,环境因子(温室与露地)对蔬菜中最终农药残留量的影响最大,P值分别0.000 2、0.000 2、0.002 3和0.008。研究结果初步探明了影响温室与露地中最终农药残留量的主要因子,为政府部门制定农药风险管理措施,健全温室用农药的登记管理提供了技术依据。 相似文献
9.
福建省蔬菜出口基地农药残留状况及治理对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,福建省蔬菜出口基地涉及的出口企业有30多家,主要集中在漳州、泉州、莆田、宁德、南平等市,出口的主要品种为速冻蔬菜、脱水蔬菜、食用菌和保鲜蔬菜等。去年省农药检定所按照农业部的统一部署.对基地样品中的农药残留进行了抽样检测,还专程到基地进行调研.发现了一些问题.进行了原因分析,并提出了治理对策。 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
太原市蔬菜有机磷农药残留抽样调查 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对太原市4个蔬菜批发及零售市场6个品种共179个样品抽样检测,共查出含有机磷农药残留样品37个,检出率20.7%。其中叶菜类油菜、韭菜、生菜、甘菜的检出率分别为20.0%、22.2%、21.7%、36.4%;果菜类中番茄检出率为15.1%、黄瓜未检出,检出的有机磷农药包括对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷、甲拌磷、久效磷、马拉硫磷和乐果等,其中前5种禁止在蔬菜中使用。监测结果表明,太原市蔬菜中农药残留量问题较为严重,加强对蔬菜中农药残留量的监测和治理刻不容缓。 相似文献
13.
安徽省茶叶农药残留现状与控制措施 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文结合本省茶树的主要病虫发生和防治情况,对茶叶农药残留现状和欧盟新农残标准对我省茶叶出口的影响进行了论述,总结并提出了安徽省茶叶农药残留的控制措施。 相似文献
14.
Dinham B 《Pest management science》2003,59(5):575-582
Vegetables attract high applications of pesticides, and farmers in developing countries use many acutely toxic insecticides to control pests on these crops. With the liberalisation of agricultural markets in developing countries, the number of small-scale farmers growing vegetables for both domestic and export markets is increasing. Demand for supplies of year-round and exotic fruit and vegetables has grown in industrialised countries, but with rising quality standards and traceability requirements it is difficult for small-scale farmers to benefit from this lucrative non-traditional agricultural export trade. The demand is high for vegetables in the expanding cities in developing countries, and farmers in peri-urban areas, or rural areas with good access to the cities, are in a position to find a growing market for their produce. Poor storage facilities will often mean that farmers are forced to sell at peak times when prices are low. Farmers rarely have access to training in pesticide use, and have only limited or no access to advice on the complicated management of pesticides. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN is concerned about high levels of poor quality and adulterated pesticides on sale in developing countries. Surveys repeatedly show that without training, farmers are unable to make good crop decisions: recognition of pests and their predators is generally low, leading to decisions to spray to kill any insect; knowledge of product selection, application rates and timing is poor; different products are often combined in the belief that the effect will be greater; re-entry periods after spraying and essential harvest intervals are not known; and without knowledge of alternatives, farmers will often assume that the only solution to pest problems is to spray more frequently. From a consumer's point of view, few developing countries are able to monitor pesticide residues, particularly for produce grown for home consumption: most countries do not have laboratories for even simple residue testing. Changes in European Maximum Residue Limits means that export crops will be rejected if they contain residues at the Limit of Detection of pesticides not registered in Europe. Season-long field level training in Integrated Pest Management can help farmers to become better decision-makers, and to greatly reduce pesticide use while reducing risks to their own health and environment, producing safer products for consumers, maintaining yields, and increasing incomes. 相似文献
15.
为探明蔬菜中残留的三唑类杀菌剂可能存在的累积性膳食摄入风险,本研究基于蔬菜样品检测获得的三唑类杀菌剂残留数据,分析了来自江苏省、浙江省、上海市、安徽省及福建省 5 个地区的 1612 批次蔬菜样本中 8 种三唑类杀菌剂的残留分布,并采用相对效能因子法以及概率评估方法的蒙特卡罗 (Monte Carlo) 模拟技术和 Bootstrap 抽样技术,对目标人群通过蔬菜摄入三唑类杀菌剂的累积急性及慢性暴露风险进行了评估。结果显示:检出较多的农药及产品组合为芹菜和西红柿中的苯醚甲环唑,检出率分别达到 23.1% 和 20.4%,其他检出率较高的农药还有三唑酮、戊唑醇、氟硅唑、烯唑醇、丙环唑、抑霉唑及腈菌唑。各类蔬菜中,黄瓜中三唑类杀菌剂残留对不同人群累积暴露量的贡献率最大,为 50%~70%。在第 97.5 百分位点处,蔬菜中残留的三唑类杀菌剂对各年龄段人群的累积慢性暴露量均低于慢性参考剂量 (ADI),其中 0~35 个月婴幼儿的累积慢性膳食摄入风险商 (%ADI) 值最高,平均为 34.6%,但仍低于100%;在第 99.9 百分位点处,蔬菜中残留的三唑类杀菌剂对各年龄段人群的累积急性暴露量均低于急性参考剂量 (ARfD),0~35 个月婴幼儿的累积急性膳食摄入风险商 (%ARfD) 值最高,平均为 51.7%,但也低于100%。研究表明,江苏、浙江、上海、安徽及福建 5 个地区蔬菜中三唑类杀菌剂残留的累积急性及慢性膳食摄入风险皆在可接受范围内。 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Abstract An online information system was developed to allow US growers to search pesticide application information for export of vegetables and fruits. By entering an export country, a crop name, pesticide type, and post harvest interval, a user can obtain a list of pesticides labeled for the crop, the pesticides suitable for use with export, and the associated pesticide application restriction (PAR) information for each pesticide in the recommended list. A relational database (Microsoft SQL Server 2000) was used to house the PAR data, pesticide labels, and pesticide maximum residue limit information (MRL). These data were obtained from governmental agencies and international organizations. The data were then entered into the system using an online data entry system developed using ColdFusion programming language. The database currently contains the registration information for over 1,100 pesticides, 20,000 MRL data entries, and 20,000 PAR entries. New data are updated frequently. The project web site is http://cipm.ncsu.edu/exportMRL. 相似文献
19.
Investigations conducted on certain varieties of green leafy vegetables revealed very high BHC residues. The significance of certain common processing techniques in reducing the pesticide residue level on the raw material was investigated. Cooking the material in water for 5 minutes and immersion of the sample in 1% acetic acid solution and subsequent cooking reduced the level of pesticide residue within the permissible limit. 相似文献