饲粮半胱氨酸水平对离乳期梅花鹿瘤胃发酵参数和氨基酸代谢的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮半胱氨酸水平对离乳期梅花鹿瘤胃发酵参数和氨基酸代谢的影响。采用单因素试验设计，将16只3月龄雄性梅花鹿仔鹿分为4组（每组4个重复，每个重复1只），组间体重差异不显著（P>0.05）。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂半胱氨酸水平为2.8 g/kg的基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂半胱氨酸水平为4.8 g/kg（Ⅱ组，基础饲粮+2.0 g/kg半胱氨酸）、6.8 g/kg（Ⅲ组，基础饲粮+4.0 g/kg半胱氨酸）和10.8 g/kg（Ⅳ组，基础饲粮+8.0 g/kg半胱氨酸）的试验饲粮。试验预试期15 d，正试期30 d。结果表明，与Ⅰ组相比：(1)Ⅱ组异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸浓度显著提高（P<0.05）；(2)Ⅱ组瘤胃游离蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度显著降低（P<0.05）；(3)Ⅳ组半胱氨酸的表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05）；(4)Ⅱ组血清游离天冬氨酸、氮和羟赖氨酸浓度显著降低（P<0.05）。综上，在本试验条件下，饲粮半胱氨酸水平为4.8 g/kg时有利于梅花鹿仔鹿瘤胃发酵、降低瘤胃和血清中游离氨基酸浓度。     

饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,将12头7月龄雄性梅花鹿仔鹿分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复1只),组间体重差异不显著。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂额外添加1.25(Ⅱ组)、2.50(Ⅲ组)和5.00 g·kg^-1(Ⅳ组)过瘤胃半胱氨酸(有效成分51.70%)的试验饲粮。试验预饲期15 d,正试期112 d。结果表明,1)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅲ组总增重和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);2)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸各组粗蛋白质、钙和磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅲ组干物质和有机物表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);3)与Ⅰ组相比,添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组甘氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),各组半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、酪氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸和脯氨酸表观消化率显著提高(P<0...     

低磷低蛋白饲粮中添加酶制剂对崇仁麻鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验目的在于研究低磷、低蛋白饲粮中添加耐热植酸酶和复合酶对崇仁麻鸡生长性能和血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择1日龄崇仁麻鸡400羽,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复20羽,分别饲喂4种不同的饲粮：Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ组试验组饲喂低磷、低蛋白饲粮,Ⅲ组试验组饲喂低磷、低蛋白饲粮添加500 U/kg耐热植酸酶,Ⅳ组试验组饲喂低磷、低蛋白饲粮添加500 U/kg耐热植酸酶+0.05 g/kg复合酶。试验期28d。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比,35日龄崇仁麻鸡试验组Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组各项生长性能差异不显著,但试验Ⅳ组体重和平均日增重显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。(2）与对照组相比,试验组血清中甘油三脂、胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶和尿素氮含量有不同程度提高,但差异均不显著（P>0.05）。(3）与对照组相比,Ⅳ组粗蛋白表观消化率和总磷的表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05）;各组之间灰分和钙的表观消化率差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可知,低磷、低蛋白饲粮中添加500 U/kg耐热植酸酶+0.05g/kg复合酶组改善了...     

复方中草药添加剂对生茸期梅花鹿生产性能、营养物质表观消化率、鹿茸营养成分和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究复方中草药添加剂对生茸期梅花鹿生产性能、营养物质消化率、鹿茸营养成分和经济效益的影响，为梅花鹿的生产实践提供参考。12头3岁龄、体重[（74.79±0.78）kg]相近的健康雄性梅花鹿随机分为2组（每组6头），其中对照组（SC组）饲喂基础饲粮，试验组（ST组）在基础饲粮中添加10 g/（头·d）的复方中草药添加剂，预试期7 d，正式饲喂49 d。结果表明：(1)与SC组相比，ST组的茸重显著提高了0.21 kg(P<0.05)；(2)与SC组相比，ST组的粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05），有机物、干物质的表观消化率显著提高（P<0.01）。(3)与SC组相比，ST组鹿茸的水分、粗蛋白、干物质含量显著提高（P<0.05），(4)与SC组相比，ST组的平均鹿茸产值显著提高（P<0.05）。综上所述，本试验条件下饲粮中添加10 g/（头·d）的复方中草药添加剂可以显著提高生茸期梅花鹿的生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、鹿茸营养成分和经济效益。     

槲皮素对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标、粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平槲皮素对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标、粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响。试验选取144头健康且体重[（7.45±0.09） kg]相近的21日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分成3组,每组8个重复,每个重复6头猪。3组分别饲喂基础饲粮（对照组）、基础饲粮+200 mg/kg的槲皮素（Ⅰ组）和基础饲粮+400 mg/kg的槲皮素（Ⅱ组）。试验期24 d,其中预试期5 d,正试期19 d。结果表明：1）Ⅱ组的结束体重和平均日增重显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。2）Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的干物质和钙表观消化率显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Ⅱ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。3）Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组的血清尿素氮含量极显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。4）Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的粪便大肠杆菌数量显著或极显著低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Ⅱ组的粪便普雷沃氏菌属、梭菌簇Ⅳ和双歧杆菌属数量显著或...     

啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢和血清生化指标的影响。选择体况良好、体重[（15.90±0.36） kg]相近的湖羊24只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂1/3、2/3和全部啤酒糟替代基础饲粮中精料的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期7 d。结果表明：1）试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组干物质采食量（DMI）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。各组之间终末体重和平均日增重均差异不显著（P>0.05）。2）对照组和试验Ⅰ组的总能表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）。各组之间干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率均差异不显著（P>0.05）。3）对照组的进食氮、粪氮和排泄氮显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅰ组的沉积氮显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。各组之间尿氮、氮沉积率均差异不显著（P>0.05）。4）试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。各组之间血清葡萄糖、尿素氮、总胆固醇、...     

不同硒添加量对生茸期梅花鹿生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同硒添加量对生茸期梅花鹿生产性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选取20头体况相近、5岁的健康生茸期梅花鹿,随机分为4组(每组5个重复,每个重复1头),分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加0(Ⅰ组,作为对照组)、0.3(Ⅱ组)、1.2(Ⅲ组)和4.8 mg/kg硒(Ⅳ组)的饲粮,硒来源为酵母硒(硒含量为2 000 mg/kg)。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果显示:1)Ⅲ组茸重和茸尺指标数值高于其他组,但差异未达显著水平(P0.05);Ⅳ组硒体沉积量极显著高于其他各组(P0.01)。2)Ⅱ组粗蛋白质的表观消化率极显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.01);Ⅱ组干物质、钙、磷的表观消化率极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P0.01);Ⅱ组干物质、粗蛋白质和磷的表观消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组硒的表观消化率极显著高于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P0.01);Ⅲ组粗蛋白质的表观消化率极显著低于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅳ组磷的表观消化率极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01)。饲粮硒添加量对粗脂肪的表观消化率无显著影响(P0.05)。3)Ⅳ组血清胆固醇(CHO)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);Ⅳ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅲ组血清LDH活性显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05);饲粮硒添加量对血清甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDH-C)、葡萄糖(GLU)含量无显著影响(P0.05)。4)Ⅳ组血清总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P0.05);Ⅲ组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。各组血清白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLOB)含量以及白蛋白与球蛋白之比(A/G)无显著差异(P0.05)。5)Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01);Ⅰ组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。饲粮硒添加量对血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性无显著影响(P0.05),但是随着硒添加量的升高,血清AST活性有升高趋势。综合以上指标分析得出,在以酵母硒为硒源时,饲粮中硒添加量为0.3 mg/kg时可不同程度提高生茸期梅花鹿对饲粮中干物质、粗蛋白质、钙、磷和硒的表观消化率,因此推荐生茸期梅花鹿饲粮适宜的硒添加量为0.3 mg/kg。     

酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、肉品质和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母肽和地衣芽孢杆菌对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率、屠宰性能、肉品质和肠道形态的影响。选取180只健康的35日龄断奶伊拉肉兔，随机分为5组，分别为空白对照组（饲喂基础饲粮）、抗生素组（饲喂基础饲粮+20 mg/kg恩拉霉素+150 mg/kg金霉素）、试验Ⅰ组（饲喂基础饲粮+250 mg/kg酵母肽）、试验Ⅱ组（饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg酵母肽）、试验Ⅲ组（饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg酵母肽+200 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌），每组6个重复，每个重复6只。预试期7 d，正试期28 d。结果显示：1）试验Ⅰ组肉兔腹泻频率显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05），且与抗生素组很接近（P<0.05）；试验Ⅰ组和抗生素组的死亡率最低；试验Ⅲ组的各项生长性能指标均劣于其他各组。2）试验Ⅰ组的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）；试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组的酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于空白对照组（P <0.05）。3）肉兔的屠宰性能在各组间均无显著差异（P>0.05），但与空白对照组相比，抗生素组和试验组的屠宰率均有升高的趋势（0.05...     

胍基乙酸对育成期公貂生长性能、脏器指数、营养物质表观消化率的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究胍基乙酸(GAA)对育成期公貂生长性能、脏器指数、营养物质表观消化率的影响。选用65日龄体重相近的育成期短毛黑公貂60只,随机分为6组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只貂。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加200、400、600、800和1000 mg/kg GAA。预试期1周;正试期10周,分为试验Ⅰ期(第1~5周)和试验Ⅱ期(第6~10周)。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加600 mg/kg GAA可显著提高试验Ⅰ期、试验Ⅱ期和试验全期平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),极显著降低试验Ⅰ期、试验Ⅱ期和试验全期料重比(F/G)(P<0.01),极显著提高试验全期体长(P<0.01);2)饲粮中添加600 mg/kg GAA可显著提高心脏指数(P<0.05),饲粮中添加800 mg/kg GAA可显著提高肾脏指数(P<0.05),饲粮中添加400 mg/kg GAA可极显著提高脾脏指数(P<0.01),饲粮中添加200 mg/kg GAA可显著降低肠体比(P<0.05);3)饲粮中添加200 mg/kg GAA可显著提高试验Ⅰ期粗脂肪(EE)和试验Ⅱ期磷(P)表观消化率(P<0.05),饲粮中添加200、400和600 mg/kg GAA可显著提高试验Ⅱ期粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率(P<0.05),饲粮中添加400和600 mg/kg GAA可显著提高试验Ⅱ期钙(Ca)表观消化率(P<0.05),饲粮中添加800 mg/kg GAA可极显著提高试验Ⅰ期Ca表观消化率(P<0.01);4)饲粮中添加600 mg/kg GAA可显著提高试验Ⅰ期半胱氨酸(Cys)和缬氨酸(Val)表观消化率及试验Ⅱ期Val、酪氨酸(Tyr)和赖氨酸(Lys)表观消化率(P<0.05),极显著提高试验Ⅰ期精氨酸(Arg)和总氨基酸(TAA)表观消化率及试验Ⅱ期蛋氨酸(Met)、组氨酸(His)、Arg和TAA表观消化率(P<0.01)。综合分析生长性能、脏器指数、营养物质表观消化率,建议育成期公貂饲粮中GAA的适宜添加水平为600 mg/kg。     

单宁提取物对西门塔尔育肥牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加单宁提取物对西门塔尔育肥牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响。选择膘情正常、体重[（543.13±13.54） kg]相近、健康无病的西门塔尔杂交牛60头,按年龄、体重、膘情、毛色均等的原则随机分为4组,每组15头。对照组（C组）饲喂基础饲粮,试验组（Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组）分别在基础饲粮中添加10、20和30 g/（头·d）的单宁提取物。预试期7 d,正试期120 d。结果表明：1）Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于C组（P≤0.05）,料重比显著低于C组（P≤0.05）。2）第120天时,Ⅲ组的干物质表观消化率显著低于C组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著低于C组（P<0.05）。3）第60天时,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的血清尿素氮含量显著低于C组（P<0.05）。第120天时,Ⅱ组的血清尿素氮含量显著低于C组（P<0.05）,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的血清总蛋白含量显著高于C组（P<0.05）。4）第60天时,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的血清丙二醛含量显著低于C组（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的血清总抗氧化能力显著高于C组（P<0.05...     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.