红麻海藻糖生物合成关键酶基因HcTPPJ的克隆及响应逆境的表达分析

海藻糖生物合成关键酶基因TPP在植物响应各种非生物胁迫过程中具有重要作用。为了明确红麻TPP基因在应对非生物胁迫过程中的作用,本研究根据转录组CL541.Contig2Unigene序列设计特异性引物,通过PCR获得红麻TPP基因的cDNA全长序列。生物信息学分析表明,该基因最大开放读码框为1128 bp,编码一个含有375个氨基酸的蛋白质。序列一致性分析发现,该蛋白质氨基酸序列与其他物种TPPJ氨基酸序列的一致性为71.18%,故将该基因命名HcTPPJ。表达模式分析表明,该基因在根、茎、叶中均有表达,在盐、干旱胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的延长,HcTPPJ表达显著上调,表明该基因参与红麻的盐、干旱胁迫响应过程。在盐、干旱胁迫下, HcNCED3显著上调表达,而外源喷施脱落酸时,HcTPPJ表达变化不明显。由此推测,在红麻响应盐、干旱胁迫过程中,该基因的表达可能不受脱落酸信号分子的调控。这将为进一步阐明该基因在红麻响应盐、干旱胁迫过程的作用奠定基础。     

红麻DNA甲基化响应镉胁迫及甲基化差异基因的表达分析

DNA甲基化是植物重要的表观遗传修饰方式之一,在响应逆境胁迫中具有重要作用,但是有关镉胁迫下植物DNA甲基化水平变化的报道甚少。本研究以红麻P3A为材料,采用水培法对幼苗进行300μmol L^-1的CdCl₂处理,测定幼苗农艺性状及镉含量;利用甲基化敏感扩增多态性技术(methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP)分析镉胁迫下根系DNA甲基化水平变化;回收甲基化差异片段并克隆测序,采用qRT-PCR技术对DNA甲基化差异基因的表达量进行分析。结果表明, CdCl₂胁迫显著抑制红麻幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长、根表面积以及全鲜重。对照及镉处理下幼苗根系的DNA甲基化率分别为62.78%、68.23%,其中全甲基化率分别为37.50%、36.36%,半甲基化率分别为25.28%、31.87%,表明镉胁迫显著提高红麻幼苗根系的DNA甲基化水平。qRT-PCR分析表明, 7个与抗性密切相关的DNA甲基化差异基因也存在表达量的差异,推测DNA甲基化水平变化在响应红麻镉胁迫中发...     

红麻液泡膜质子泵H~+-PPase(Hcvp1)基因的克隆、序列分析和表达

为了阐明红麻耐盐机理,以耐盐性较强的中红麻16号为材料,从红麻耐盐转录组测序结果中获得了1个与AVP1基因高度相似的Unigene,根据该片段的序列设计引物,直接进行PCR扩增,经Sanger测序获得该基因全长c DNA序列。对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析表明:该基因全长2 298 bp,开放阅读框为2 298 bp,编码765个氨基酸,其编码蛋白质的分子量和等电点分别为80.2 k Da和5.25,与雷蒙德氏棉、甜橙、毛果杨、烟草和大豆的H+-PPase基因核苷酸序列的相似性分别为90%,85%,85%,83%,83%,蛋白质序列的相似性分别为96%,93%,91%,93%,94%,说明该基因与AVP1为同源基因,命名为Hcvp1。qRT-PCR分析表明,该基因的表达量随着Na Cl浓度的增加而增加。这将为Hcvp1基因的功能验证和红麻耐盐机理的研究奠定坚实的基础。     

拟南芥ft-1突变体对非生物胁迫的响应

对植物生存与生长不利的不良环境称逆境。在逆境条件下,植物往往提早开花,快速完成生活史来适应逆境。因此,开花基因与逆境有着密切的关系。本研究以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)开花基因FLOWERING LOCUST(FT)突变体ft-1和野生型Col-0为材料,对在胁迫下生长的幼苗主根长进行了表型分析。结果显示,在正常条件下生长的ft-1突变体与Col-0根长相似。突变体ft-1和野生型Col-0对NaCl处理显示出极显著差异,且只在高浓度渗透胁迫下表现出显著差异。表明ft-1可能参与植株抗盐过程,与渗透胁迫关系不大。磷盐与钾盐处理与渗透处理结果类似。铵盐下生长的突变体ft-1和野生型Col-0的根长无显著差异,表明ft-1可能不参与铵盐胁迫。硝盐和混合氮盐处理下,两者均产生了极显著或显著差异,表明ft-1可能参与硝盐胁迫过程。     

拟南芥NSP家族基因序列分析及响应干旱胁迫表达分析

芥子油苷是十字花科植物中的一种重要的次生代谢产物,它被酶水解的降解过程与植物响应逆境胁迫有关。NSP蛋白是一类能与黑芥子酶结合从而改变芥子油苷降解途径最终生成腈类物质的特异蛋白,其与ESP家族蛋白在功能上存在冗余。本研究以拟南芥NSP家族基因为对象,对家族成员基因序列、蛋白质序列、启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,并使用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了该家族基因在干旱胁迫下的表达量。结果表明:该家族成员基因分布于3条染色体上,外显子数目2～4个;AtNSP5蛋白亚细胞定位于细胞核,其他成员定位于细胞质;结构域预测显示,该家族蛋白均含有4个Kelch结构域,除AtNSP5外,其他四个成员还含有1～2个Jacalin结构域;启动子序列中均含有CAAT-box、TATA-box核心元件及数量不一的逆境响应元件;干旱胁迫表达量分析显示,该家族中AtNSP5基因受干旱胁迫诱导表达,其他成员响应干旱胁迫不显著。本研究为进一步研究NSP蛋白在植物响应干旱胁迫中的分子机制提供依据,并为植物抗旱基因工程提供潜在候选基因。     

拟南芥VHA-c1基因对非生物胁迫的响应

为初步探讨V-ATPase c亚基VHA-c1基因在植物生长发育及信号转导中的作用,通过农杆菌介导,将设计的ds DNA片段整合到拟南芥基因组上,筛选获得了能够特异沉默VHA-c1基因的转基因株系c1-1,并对其进行Na Cl、ABA和6%葡萄糖胁迫处理。结果表明:在Na Cl处理后,沉默株系c1-1的主根伸长量和种子萌发率都有明显的降低,且在浓度为50,100 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫处理下,转基因株系c1-1的主根伸长量被显著抑制。在特定浓度的ABA和6%葡萄糖处理后,转基因株系c1-1的主根伸长量和种子萌发率也都有一定程度的抑制。然而,在4,8μmol/L ABA处理后,野生株系的主根伸长量被显著抑制,与转基因株系c1-1的主根伸长量被抑制效果相比达到了显著水平。沉默VHA-c1基因后,降低了拟南芥对Na Cl的耐受性,影响了其生长发育,然而对ABA和葡糖糖的抑制作用却表现为很不敏感,这可能是因为H+-ATPase在盐胁迫信号通路和ABA信号通路中起着不同的调控功能。     

拟南芥VHA-c基因在非生物胁迫响应中的作用

利用RT-PCR技术检测VHA-c基因对高盐、水和ABA胁迫的响应,结果表明所有的VHA-c基因都参与了V-ATPase的抗盐胁迫反应;在响应水胁迫的反应中VHA-c2、VHA-c4和VHA-c5基因的表达量增加;在ABA胁迫反应中VHA-c1,VHA-c2,VHA-c3和VHA-c4基因的表达水平均提高,但是VHA-c1和VHA-c3基因只在早期的ABA胁迫中增加其表达量。     

非生物胁迫下海马齿SpSOS1基因的表达及响应ABA模式分析

为分析盐生植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum L.)SpSOS1基因的表达模式,本研究利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析SpSOS1在海马齿不同组织以及不同胁迫条件下的表达情况.空间表达模式分析表明,SpsOS1在海马齿根中表达量最高,在花中的表达量最低.不同胁迫条件下SpSOS1基因的表达分析表明...     

黄瓜CsCAT3基因逆境胁迫表达及转拟南芥耐盐性分析

过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)是生物防御体系的关键酶之一,可促进体内的H_2O_2分解为H_2O和O_2。过氧化氢酶由CAT基因编码,目前已在一系列物种中得到克隆。黄瓜是葫芦科重要蔬菜作物,对CAT酶的功能还知之甚少。为了探讨黄瓜过氧化氢酶的功能,本实验以华北型黄瓜9930为实验材料,应用荧光定量PCR方法分析了黄瓜CsCAT3基因在NaCl、高温和低温等逆境胁迫下表达量的变化;并构建该基因的过量表达载体,用农杆菌介导将CsCAT3基因转化拟南芥,对转基因拟南芥植株进行了耐盐能力分析。结果表明:(1)在NaCl、高温和低温胁迫下CsCAT3基因被诱导增强表达,在NaCl和高温处理6 h后,表达量分别为对照的11.72倍和10.84倍;在冷处理6 h后,其表达量为对照的6.8倍;其中以200 Na Cl增强表达最为明显。(2)过量表达CsCAT3基因的拟南芥转基因植株在200 mmol/L NaCl处理条件下,其耐盐能力明显增强。     

红麻海藻糖生物合成关键酶基因HcTPPJ的克隆及响应逆境的表达分析

Trehalose biosynthesis key enzyme gene TPP plays an important role in plant response to various abiotic stresses. In this study, in order to clarify the role of TPP gene in response to abiotic stress in kenaf, a specific primer was designed according to the sequence of CL541.contig2unigene, and the full-length cDNA sequence of TPP gene was obtained by PCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that TPP had an open reading frame (ORF) length of 1128 bp, and encoded a protein containing 375 amino acids. The results of amino acid sequence consistency indicated that the agreement between the amino acid sequence of protein and that of TPPJ from other species was 71.18%, so the gene named as HcTPPJ. HcTPPJ was expressed in roots, stems and leaves. Under salt or drought stress, HcTPPJ was up-regulated significantly with the extension of stress treatment, indicating that the gene was involved in the response process of salt or drought stress in kenaf. Under the same conditions, HcNCED3 and HcAOC was significantly up-regulated, while the change of HcTPPJ expression was not obvious under ABA stress; HcTPPJ was significantly down-regulated, under the stress of MeJA for six hours. Therefore it was speculated that the HcTPPJ gene expression may be not regulated by the signal molecule of ABA, but negatively regulated by methyl jasmonate signal molecule. This study will lay a solid foundation for further elucidating the role of the gene in response to salt and drought stress in kenaf.     

玉米ZmCIPK24-2基因在盐胁迫应答中的功能研究

土壤盐化会影响作物正常生长发育,导致农作物减产。植物在长期适应环境的过程中,进化出了相应的耐盐分子机制。钙调磷酸酶B类蛋白(CBL)及CBL互作蛋白激酶(CIPK)参与植物对盐胁迫的响应。本研究鉴定到一个拟南芥AtSOS2的同源基因ZmCIPK24-2,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应结果表明ZmCIPK24-2基因在玉米各组织部位广泛表达,其中在花粉表达量最高;ZmCIPK24-2受盐胁迫诱导表达。ZmCIPK24-2能部分互补拟南芥atsos2突变体的盐敏感表型,在高盐浓度下转基因株系比atsos2突变体的存活率显著提高,根长显著增长。亚细胞定位实验表明ZmCIPK24-2定位于细胞质、细胞膜与核膜。利用酵母双杂交实验及LUC互补成像实验发现ZmCIPK24-2与玉米CBLs家族中的ZmCBL1、ZmCBL4、ZmCBL8和ZmCBL9互作。本研究为解析玉米CBL-CIPK信号通路的功能提供了新的实验证据。     

甘薯IbCAF1基因的克隆及耐盐性、抗旱性鉴定

CAF1 (CCR4-associated factor 1) gene plays an important role in plant development and disease resistance. In this study, the IbCAF1 gene of sweetpotato was cloned according to the EST sequence. The ORF of IbCAF1 was 846 bp, encoding 281 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 32.13 kD and an isoelectric point of 4.83. The results of amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that IbCAF1 had higher homology with ItlCAF1, a homologous protein of Ipomoea triloba (2x), and the homology was 96.8%. IbCAF1 gene was induced and expressed by NaCl, PEG, ABA, and H₂O₂. The IbCAF1 gene was transferred into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. The overexpression of IbCAF1 gene significantly improved the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants. After 200 mmol L ^-1NaCl and 10% PEG-6000 treatments, the transgenic tobacco plants showed significant upregulation of the genes involved in ROS scavenging system and proline biosynthesis related genes, significant increase of SOD activity, POD activity and proline content and significant decrease of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde contents. These results demonstrate that the IbCAF1 gene could improve salt and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco. This study will lay a foundation on salt and drought tolerance gene engineering of IbCAF1 gene in sweetpotato for the following research.     

AtDREB1A基因过量表达对马铃薯生长及抗非生物胁迫基因表达的影响

为明确AtDREB1A基因过量表达对马铃薯生长及基因表达的影响,以马铃薯品种陇薯3号(L3)及其AtDREB1A转基因株系T2为材料,采用盆栽试验,在马铃薯盛花期将盆土含水量控制为田间最大持水量(FWC)的45%~50%,观察转基因前后植株表型,并研究叶片MDA含量、RWC、SOD和POD活性及其基因表达的差异。结果表明,正常浇水条件下2个株系各指标差异不大。胁迫20d后,转基因植株T2的表型明显好于对照L3,且RWC显著高于L3;各株系叶片的MDA含量、SOD和POD活性均明显上升,但转基因植株MDA含量上升幅度较对照小,抗氧化保护酶SOD、POD活性升高幅度较对照大,说明转基因植株细胞膜损伤和膜脂过氧化程度较轻,植株的耐旱性明显提高。转录组测序及生物信息学分析发现,转基因材料T2相对于L3的差异表达基因共430个,其中上调表达基因287个,下调表达基因143个。功能注释和显著性富集结果表明,差异表达基因富集涉及GO功能分类体系中生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个大类别,且大部分集中在细胞内和膜上,主要涉及信号传导、氧化还原、生物调解、应激反应、发育过程、系统免疫过程、核酸和蛋白结合转录因子活性、转运活性及催化活性。其中抗非生物胁迫相关蛋白PPR、HSP、P450、MLO等家族的大量基因表达量发生较大变化,说明这些基因在转AtDREB1A基因马铃薯抵御干旱过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。本研究为进一步解析AtDREB1A基因提高马铃薯抗旱性的调控网络奠定了基础。     

利用红麻HcPDIL5-2a非全长基因创制雄性不育新种质

为创造转基因雄性不育种质,将缺失酶活性中心序列的红麻HcPDIL5-2a非全长基因通过花粉管通道法转化红麻保持系722B,获得了海南冬繁不育、南宁夏繁可育的低温敏雄性不育种质722THS,并从其姊妹交后代选育出了稳定型核不育(GMS)系722HS;此后,又以722HS作母本,以非转基因野生型722B为轮回亲本连续回交,选育出了细胞质雄性不育系722HA。对722THS与722HA的细胞学观察和线粒体DNA分子鉴定表明,二者的小孢子败育时期均为双核期,但722HA发生了线粒体DNA重排,而722THS与722B的线粒体DNA保持不变。本研究结果为转基因创造作物雄性不育种质找到了一条新途径,具有重要的科学意义和广阔的应用前景。     

Transformation of tobacco with an Arabidopsis thaliana gene involved in trehalose biosynthesis increases tolerance to several abiotic stresses

Summary Trehalose (a non-reducing disaccharide) plays an important role in abiotic stress protection. It has been shown that using trehalose synthesis genes of bacterial origin, drought and salt tolerance could be achieved in several plants. A cassette harboring the AtTPS1 gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and the Bialaphos resistance gene was inserted in the binary plasmid vector pGreen0229 and used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). T0 plants obtained were analyzed by PCR for the presence of AtTPS1 gene. Thirty lines were positive and seeds were germinated on media with 6 mg/l PPT to obtain T1 plants that were grown in the greenhouse to obtain T2 seeds that were germinated on selective media. Lines which seeds showed a 100 % survival rate were considered homozygous transgenic T1 lines. Three lines were selected and gene expression confirmed by northern and western blots. Transgenic seeds were germinated on media with different concentrations of mannitol (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 M) and sodium chloride (0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.2, 0.27 and 0.34 M) to score their tolerance to osmotic stress. Assays were conducted to test the tolerance of transgenic plants to drought (measurement of water percentage as a consequence of water withdrawal), desiccation (measurement of water loss as a consequence leaf detaching) and temperature stresses (germination at 15 ^∘C and 35^∘C). Transgenic tobacco plant lines registered higher germination rates under osmotic and temperature stress situations than did wild-type plants. Responses to drought and desiccation stresses were similar for all plant lines. It can hence be suggested that the heterologous expression of TPS1 gene from Arabidopsis can be used successfully to increase abiotic stress tolerance in model plants and probably in other crops.     

马铃薯StIgt基因家族的鉴定及其对干旱胁迫的响应分析

干旱胁迫是影响马铃薯产量和品质的主要非生物胁迫因素之一。马铃薯在抵御干旱胁迫的过程中,根系的生长发育和构型分布发挥着重要作用。Igt基因家族是普遍存在于植物中的一类功能基因,在调控植物根系构型和提高植株抗逆性等方面效果显著。本研究以马铃薯双单倍体‘DM-v4.03’高质量基因组为参考,在全基因组范围内分析鉴定了StIgt基因家族的成员,并采用多种生物信息学软件对其进行了系统进化树构建、染色体定位、保守蛋白结构域、基因结构和顺式元件预测。同时,利用本课题组前期对马铃薯四倍体品系在不同干旱条件下的转录组测序结果,分析了StIgts响应干旱胁迫的表达谱。结果表明,在马铃薯中共鉴定获得10个StIgt家族成员,其中StIgt1由本课题组前期克隆获得。除StIgt1位置信息不明外,其余基因不均匀地分布在1、2、5、7、10和11号染色体上。StIgt家族蛋白长度为110~283个氨基酸,分子量介于13.136~32.542 kD之间,预测等电点为3.82~9.86。系统进化树分析发现,该基因家族可分为3个亚族,亚族间的基因结构、蛋白保守域和顺式作用元件差别明显。干旱胁迫下的表达谱分析表明,StIgt6、StIgt7、StIgt9和StIgt10响应早期干旱胁迫,在干旱2 h时即迅速上调表达。这些结果为阐明StIgt基因家族的进化关系和进一步研究其成员的功能特性提供了理论基础。     

甘蓝型油菜耐盐和耐旱相关性状的QTL分析

盐胁迫和干旱胁迫是非生物胁迫中影响作物产量的重要因素,检测与耐盐和耐旱相关的QTL,可为抗逆油菜品种的选育提供理论依据。本研究利用德国冬性甘蓝型油菜Express和中国半冬性甘蓝型油菜SWU07为亲本构建的包含261个株系的双单倍体(doubled haploid, DH)群体,分别以1.2%NaCl溶液和20%PEG-6000溶液作为培养液模拟盐胁迫和干旱胁迫,去离子水为对照,对2个亲本和DH群体进行发芽试验。播种后7 d测定幼苗根长、鲜重及发芽率,计算各性状在盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下的相对值,并作为评价耐盐和耐旱的指标。根据已构建的遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位。盐胁迫下,在3次重复中共检测到与盐胁迫相关的QTL12个,分布在A02、A03、A05、A09、C01和C09染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.61%～10.59%,其中5个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。干旱胁迫下,共检测到与干旱胁迫相关的QTL 9个,分布在A01、A02、A03、A05、A09、A10和C03染色体上,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为3.94%～12.90%,其中2个QTL在不同的重复中被检测到。此外,在A0...     

Genetic variation for maize root architecture in response to drought stress at the seedling stage

Although the root system is indispensable for absorption of nutrients and water, it is poorly studied in maize owing to the difficulties of direct measurement of roots. Here, 103 maize lines were used to compare root architectures under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Significant genetic variation, with medium to high heritability and significant correlations, was observed for root traits. Total root length (TRL) and total root surface area (TSA) had high phenotypical diversity, and TRL was positively correlated with TSA, root volume, and root forks. The first two principal components explained 94.01% and 91.15% of total root variation in well-watered and water-stressed conditions, respectively. Thus, TRL and TSA, major contributors to root variation, can be used as favorable selection criteria at the seedling stage. We found that stiff stalk and non-stiff stalk groups (temperate backgrounds) showed relatively higher mean values for root morphological diversity than the TST group (tropical/subtropical background). Of the tested lines, 7, 42, 45, and 9 were classified as drought sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately drought tolerant, and highly drought tolerant, respectively. Seven of the 9 extremely drought tolerant lines were from the TST group, suggesting that TST germplasms harbor valuable genetic resources for drought tolerance that could be used in breeding to improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize.