一起高度致死性鸡痘的病例报告

2009年11月,吉林省公主岭某种鸡场饲养的1万只吉林正大褐种蛋鸡自46日龄开始发病,10 d内全部死亡.临床表现为所有病死鸡的背部无毛和少毛处可见大面积痘疹,部分鸡只的口角、翅膀等处有大小不等痘疹.为查明该起病例的死因,本课题组对死亡鸡进行了系统的病理学观察、病原学检测以及动物回归试验.     

一例圈养非洲狮死亡病例分析

2019年1月中旬,吉林省长春市某动物园发现一只非洲狮患有呼吸道疾病,使用抗生素治疗效果不佳,且疾病有扩散趋势,后来病兽死亡.为探知引起动物死亡的疾病类型,制定更有效的治疗方法和预防措施,对病死兽的临床症状、病理解剖和实验室检测结果进行综合分析,确定非洲狮感染疾病为大肠杆菌肺炎,并对其治疗和预防进行讨论.     

大熊猫犬瘟热的诊治及预防对策

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒引起的犬等肉食动物、鼬科、大熊猫科等多种动物急性接触性传染病,在世界范围内广泛发生。2014年—2015年陕西圈养大熊猫突发犬瘟热,按照犬瘟热病毒(CDV)检测阴性个体、阳性个体和临床发病个体对大熊猫进行分组并采取治疗和隔离预防措施。其中所有CDV阴性个体疏散转移后,经严格防疫并接种疫苗,得到预期防疫效果;1只CDV抗体阳性的个体经冲击治疗转为阴性;5只临床发病个体未取得预期疗效,全部死亡。综合有记载的大熊猫感染犬瘟热病例说明,对于大熊猫犬瘟热发病个体的抢救,治愈率几乎为零。研发安全有效的犬瘟热疫苗进行免疫接种是目前保护圈养大熊猫免受犬瘟热病毒感染的唯一方法。     

第二次全国保护抢救大熊猫工作汇报会召开

1984年12月12日至16日在兰州市召开第二次全国保护抢救大熊猫工作汇报会。林业部副部长董智勇、林政保护司副司长李贵令、甘肃省人民政府等120多名代表参加了会议。自1983年5月,根据各地汇报,共抢救病饿大熊猫30只,其中救活21只,有13只已放回野外,余下8只仍在护养中,抢救无效死亡9只。另外,还在野外发现病饿和自然死亡大熊猫尸体33只。据材料初步统计,大熊猫分布区共有各种竹林资源966.2万亩,开花枯死     

一例老龄大熊猫死亡后的实验室检验与体会

本研究通过对大熊猫"娟娟"进行病史调查,病理学检查,细菌与真菌学检验等方法,探究大熊猫"娟娟"的死亡原因。结果表明该只老龄大熊猫是由于年老体弱、全身多器官功能衰竭导致褥疮及微生物感染引起死亡。     

大熊猫粪便菌群ERIC-PCR指纹图谱的分析及优势菌群的鉴定

探讨1只野生大熊猫和不同年龄段圈养大熊猫粪便菌群的多样性和相似性,并鉴定野生大熊猫圈养之后,其粪便中的优势菌群.对来自3个年龄段9只(3只亚成体、3只成年体、3只老年体)圈养大熊猫及1只野生大熊猫圈养前、后的11份粪便细菌的DNA进行ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析,并利用16S rRNA基因序列分析对优势菌条带进行鉴定.结果显示:该只野生大熊猫粪便菌群多样性比圈养大熊猫丰富;圈养大熊猫粪便菌群多样性:成年体＞亚成体＞老年体;16s rRNA和ERIC-PCR指纹图谱优势条带鉴定的优势菌结果有差异性.结果表明:大熊猫的肠道菌群多样性易受生长环境、年龄因素的影响;其次, 不同年龄段的圈养大熊猫,其肠道菌群的相似性与年龄因素不相关;利用ERIC-PCR指纹图谱优势条带鉴定优势菌的方法有一定的局限性.     

一例秦岭大熊猫的救护

2018年12月23日,陕西省珍稀野生动物抢救饲养研究中心从观音山保护区救护一只患病雄性大熊猫,当时大熊猫难以长距离运动,被毛粗乱,精神状况较差,消瘦。肩膀,后背有多处外伤。右后肢不能完全着地,跛行。综合临床症状,初诊为长期营养不良,或因为领地争斗失败,伴有外伤感染,腹水。经过一个多月的治疗,终因病情严重治疗无效死亡。本例野外秦岭大熊猫救护从患病大熊猫临床症状、病理学变化进行了研究,为以后野外救护大熊猫提供了救护经验和依据。     

鸡舍消毒造成雏鸡死亡的原因

某养殖户饲养的2 000只艾维茵商品代雏鸡,4日龄发生死亡,每日死亡20多只;对病死鸡进行送样化验,实地调查了解,结合实践经验,最后诊断为烧碱(NaOH)消毒鸡舍方法不当,造成雏鸡大量死亡;及时采取转移鸡群、清理拖净地面、加厚垫料等措施,控制了死亡.     

一例鸡传染性贫血病继发葡萄球菌、梭菌混合感染的诊治

发病情况 石家庄市郊区任某养种鸡2000只.105日龄,自15日龄发现有部分雏鸡的鸡冠、颜面蜡黄,60日龄开始出现死亡.病初每天死亡4～5只.当地医生一直按鸡感冒和非典型新城疫治疗一个多月.不仅不见好转.反而死亡增多,每天的死亡率增加到二十多只.任某遂携带病死鸡十余只前来就诊.     

水貂出血性肠炎的诊治

1 发病情况 2007年3月14日,沈阳郊区某水貂养殖场送检2只病死成年貂.畜主描述全群共有200只成年貂,2 d前共有35只发病,相继有6只死亡,貂生前体温不高,有短暂腹泻现象,见有血便,有2只吐血死亡;病貂出现拉稀呕吐症状,排出水样粪便,粪中有长短不一的中空黏膜圆柱.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.