共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
氧化应激是指机体内抗氧化系统失衡。在氧化应激条件下,动物体内产生大量自由基,当自由基含量超过机体抗氧化系统清除能力时,就会引起自由基堆积,造成氧化损伤,使动物生产性能下降,器官功能受损。近年来,天然提取物在影响动物氧化应激方面的研究受到广泛关注。天然提取物作为一种潜在的动物抗氧化应激剂,具有抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节等作用,可通过减少自由基生成和提高抗氧化酶活性保护细胞免受氧化应激的损伤,在维持动物正常生理活动和繁殖性能等方面具有积极作用。文章通过对天然植物提取物中抗氧化活性成分及其作用途径进行综述,以期为新型抗氧化剂的开发和应用提供参考。 相似文献
3.
张岩欧念涛刘孟哲李艳玲 《动物营养学报》2023,(11):6936-6945
在畜禽生产中,氧化应激严重影响了畜禽的生产性能、免疫功能和机体健康等,给畜牧行业带来严重的经济损失。植物精油(EOs)作为一种天然植物提取物,具有良好的抗氧化活性,被认为是一种合成抗氧化剂的替代物。本文综述了EOs在清除自由基、促进金属离子配位饱和、抑制脂质过氧化和调节信号通路上发挥的抗氧化活性及作用机制,以及EOs在畜禽生产中的应用,旨在为EOs作为天然抗氧化剂在畜牧生产中的应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
4.
氧化应激诱导机体自由基的产生是有氧代谢的一个组成部分。活性氧(reactiveoxygenspecies,ROS)是机体正常代谢过程和某些白细胞群体在疾病防御过程中产生的。越来越多的研究表明,机体组织和细胞产生的氧化损伤会直接或间接诱导许多疾病的发生,进而影响动物健康和福利。高产奶牛的生产性能在一定程度上可通过补充抗氧化剂来优化。概述了氧化应激的研究进展,综述了围产期奶牛氧化应激、抗氧化防御系统及其与炎症反应的关系,以期为进一步揭示抗氧化剂预防免疫功能障碍和宿主组织氧化损伤的分子机理,避免围产期奶牛发生由氧化应激诱导的代谢病和临床型疾病提供新思路。 相似文献
5.
<正>动物自由基与疾病之间的关系已经成为现代医学和生命科学领域的一大热点。许多疾病的发生都与自由基的氧化破坏有关,而抗氧化剂则能减少或清除自由基,阻止或减轻自由基氧化应激的破坏〔1~2〕。在动物养殖过程中,由氧化应激导致的动物疾病有心脏病、肾脏病、腹水症、围产期疾病、胎衣不下、乳腺炎、消化道炎症等,已严重影响了畜牧业生产〔3~5〕。营养素及其代谢物与外源性抗氧化剂在自由基导致的重要生物损伤方面的修复、置换、 相似文献
6.
植物多糖是植物提取物中重要活性成分之一,具有抗氧化、免疫增强、抗肿瘤等多种生物学作用。在抗氧化作用方面,植物多糖通过核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路减少炎症因子的分泌,缓解氧化应激损伤;通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶/核因子E2相关因子2(MAPK/Nrf2)信号通路清除机体或细胞内自由基,提高抗氧化酶活性或含量,增强机体或细胞对氧化应激的抗性。本文主要综述了氧化应激产生的原因及其危害,并阐述NF-κB及MAPK/Nrf2信号通路在植物多糖发挥抗氧化作用中的研究现状以及存在问题,为植物多糖作为抗氧化剂的研究与应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
7.
8.
<正>奶牛由于高强度代谢很容易受到氧化应激,氧化应激对奶牛的健康和产能具有负面影响,生产中有必要通过添加抗氧化剂来提高机体的抗氧化能力和减少氧化应激对奶牛的损害。氧化应激产生的过量自由基会导致细胞大分子的氧化修饰、功能异常及坏死,称为氧化损伤,另外氧化产物还作为内源的信号分子,对细胞凋亡和炎症起推动作用。机体的氧化应激被看作是一种代谢状态或生理状态的负荷或异常,研究表明氧化应激对动物多种慢性疾病和生产性能造成影响。奶牛容易遭受氧化应激,多个阶段的氧化应激都对奶牛健康和生产性能产生了损害,因此对奶牛氧化应激和抗氧化的研究 相似文献
9.
黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxins, AFs)是一类来自于霉菌中的剧毒物质, 其中以黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1, AFB1)的毒性最强、危害性最大。AFB1是一种具有强致癌性及剧烈毒性的双呋喃环类毒素, 广泛分布于霉变的玉米、花生、大米和大豆等粮油作物中, 由AFB1引发的人与动物中毒事件给当前食品安全和畜禽养殖等行业的发展造成了严重危害。AFB1已被证明能够引起机体氧化应激、细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡、基因突变及免疫系统损伤。作者阐述了AFB1抑制机体免疫系统、破坏机体免疫耐受性的免疫毒性作用; 介绍了AFB1促进活性氧生成、激活Nrf2-ARE通路、诱导机体氧化应激和炎症反应进而造成器官损伤的器官毒性作用; 分析了AFB1利用细胞死亡相关受体调控外源性细胞凋亡作用, 以及通过一系列细胞凋亡相关蛋白诱导内源性细胞凋亡作用, 还可利用肝细胞经典焦亡途径引发炎症反应, 继而引发非正常死亡的细胞毒性作用; 回顾了近年来关于AFB1基因毒性与其去毒措施的作用机制及其研究进展。本综述有望为针对AFB1致病机制的深入研究及相关防治药物的研发提供参考, 并为发霉粮油作物的去毒措施的选择提供有效依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
12.
Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
16.
在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
17.
近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
18.
19.