贵阳市规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征血清学调查研究

试验应用ELISA检测方法对贵阳市3个未免疫猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）猪场和9个免疫猪场的后备母猪、生产母猪和5～10周龄断奶仔猪3个猪群进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）抗体检测。结果表明：贵阳市3个未免疫猪场中2个有PRRSV感染,猪群抗体阳性率在0％-10％之间,平均阳性率为5％;9个免疫猪场猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率在65％～90％之间,平均阳性率为82．80％,未免疫猪场与免疫猪场猪群抗体平均阳性率相比,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。     

吉林地区规模化猪场不同猪群繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学调查

本试验应用ELISA法对吉林地区8个PRRS未免疫猪场和9个PRRS免疫猪场的后备母猪、生产母猪和5～10周龄的断奶仔猪三个猪群进行了PRRSV抗体检测。结果表明:吉林地区8个PRRS未免疫猪场均受到PRRSV感染,猪场抗体阳性率为100%,猪群抗体阳性率在50%～75%之间,平均阳性率为62.26%;吉林地区9个PRRS免疫猪场猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率在70%～100%之间,平均阳性率为87.78%。PRRS未免疫猪场与PRRS免疫猪场猪群抗体平均阳性率相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

吉林地区规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学检测

本试验应用ELISA法对吉林地区8个猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)未免疫猪场和9个PRRS免疫猪场的后备母猪、生产母猪和5~10周龄的断奶仔猪3个猪群进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗体检测,结果表明:吉林地区8个PRRS未免疫猪场均受有PRRSV感染,猪场抗体阳性率为100%,猪群抗体阳性率在50%~75%之间,平均阳性率为62.26%;吉林地区9个PRRS免疫猪场猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率在70%~100.00%之间,平均阳性率为87.78%。PRRS未免疫猪场与PRRS免疫猪场猪群抗体平均阳性率相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

我国部分省份不同阶段猪群CSF、PRRS及PR-GE抗体检测分析

为了解我国不同生长阶段猪群猪瘟(classical swine fever, CSF)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, PRRS)及猪伪狂犬病(pseudorabies, PR)的免疫情况,从而为制定合理有效的免疫程序提供理论依据,进而更好地防疫此3种疫病,本试验应用ELISA方法对2018年收集的14 580份猪血清样本进行了CSF、PRRS及PR-GE抗体检测。结果显示,2018年,我国猪群CSF、PRRS、PR-GE抗体阳性率分别为78.84%,78.23%和27.47%;不同阶段猪群同种疫病抗体阳性率差异较大,其中,CSF抗体阳性率公猪最高(91.67%)、保育猪最低(57.00%),PRRS抗体阳性率育肥猪最高(91.31%)、保育猪最低(50.02%),PR-GE抗体阳性率公猪最高(33.98%)、后备母猪最低(19.17%);不同阶段猪群同种抗体离散度也存在较大差异。     

河南省某猪场圆环病毒病免疫程序制订及效果评估

为了解河南省某规模化猪场按规定的免疫程序接种猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)灭活疫苗后猪体内的PCV2抗体水平,随机采集90份免疫猪的血液样品(后备母猪、1胎母猪、2胎母猪、3胎以上母猪、3周龄、6周龄、9周龄、11周龄、19周龄猪各10份),通过ELISA检测PCV2抗体。结果显示,除3周龄猪抗体阳性率为90%以外,其他各猪群抗体阳性率均为100%,猪群没有发生圆环病毒病和其他传染病,猪群生产性能正常。检测结果证明商品猪3周龄首免,3周后二免;后备母猪配种前免疫,间隔3周二次免疫;经产母猪产前1个月免疫的免疫程序是科学合理的。     

平顶山市猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学调查

通过对平顶山市6个县30个规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合症血清学调查,了解了平顶山市猪繁殖与呼吸综合症血清学流行情况。结果表明,12个未免疫猪场均不同程度受PRRSV感染,猪场抗体阳性率为100％,猪群抗体阳性率在47．4％-73．1％之间,平均阳性率为57．9％;18个免疫猪场PRRS感染率为77．8％,免疫猪场猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率在75％～100％之间,平均为90．9％。所有猪场不同猪群,生产母猪平均S／P值高于仔猪,后备母猪平均S／P值高于生产母猪。免疫PRRS猪场抗体S／P值,明显高于未免疫PRRS猪场猪群的抗体S／P值,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。     

新疆昌吉地区规模化猪场猪瘟免疫抗体水平检测与分析

为了掌握昌吉地区5个规模化猪场猪瘟免疫抗体水平的高低及消长规律,同时为养殖户提供一个科学合理的免疫程序,本试验选择昌吉地区5个规模化猪场,收集2012~2013年不同年龄阶段的猪血清共1 350份,采用间接ELISA方法检测其抗体水平并进行分析。经过对昌吉地区5个规模化猪场共1 350份血清采用间接ELISA方法进行了检测,结果总抗体阳性率为80.07%(1 081/1 350),平均抗体滴度为8log2,标准差为0.856。其中A、B、C、D、E 5个规模化猪场猪瘟抗体阳性率分别为92.22%、82.59%、74.44%、88.51%、62.59%,通过对不同阶段猪群抗体阳性率结果统计可知公猪、后备母猪、哺乳母猪、妊娠母猪、7日龄仔猪、14日龄仔猪、21日龄仔猪、30日龄仔猪、40日龄仔猪、55日龄仔猪等不同阶段猪群的血清抗体阳性率分别为92%、69%、86%、93%、72%、82%、88.67%、80.67%、72.66%、82.67%。结合检测结果、临床生产数据及猪场已采用CSF的免疫程序,建议试验区仔猪猪瘟免疫程序为23~25日龄进行首免疫,60日龄时进行第二次免疫,生产公、母猪每年春秋两秋各普免一次,经产母猪每次断奶前跟胎免疫一次。     

2019 年河南新乡某规模化猪场 猪伪狂犬病抗体水平检测分析

猪伪狂犬病是危害规模化养猪场的主要传染病之一,为了解河南新乡某规模化猪场猪伪狂犬病(PR)的防控情况,对猪场内的健康猪群进行猪伪狂犬病gE基因缺失疫苗免疫,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对免疫猪群体内的猪伪狂犬病gE抗体水平进行检测分析。由试验得出,母猪妊娠初期猪伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性率为90%,妊娠中期和后期达到100%;哺乳期仔猪也达到了100%;5～6周龄保育猪伪狂犬病gE抗体阳性率为70%;7～8周龄保育猪抗体阳性率为50%;9～10周育肥猪抗体阳性率为40%。由试验可知,该猪场母猪妊娠期和哺乳斯感染猪伪狂犬病毒严重,保育期猪只疫情逐渐减少,育肥期疫情得到有效控制。建议长期检测猪伪狂犬病抗体,逐步淘汰阳性母猪,培养阴性后备猪群。对规模化猪场进行猪伪狂犬病抗体水平检测,可以更好地了解猪场的免疫效果,对促进养猪场经济平稳运行有积极作用。     

某规模化猪场主要疫病免疫抗体水平的评估与分析

为了评估某规模化猪场主要疫病免疫效果,并进一步优化免疫程序,采用商品化的抗体检测试剂盒对猪场的母猪群、公猪群及各年龄段的商品猪群进行了猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)gB、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)gI、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的抗体检测,对抗体水平与猪群状况进行统计分析。结果表明:PRV gB、PRV gI抗体阳性率分别为98.04%和0,说明该猪场伪狂犬病(PR)防控效果较好,未检出野毒感染抗体;PRRSV抗体阳性率为67.97%,整体抗体水平不高;SCFV和FMDV总体抗体阳性率分别为76.47%和84.97%,虽然种猪群的抗体阳性率较高,但仔猪、保育猪和育肥猪抗体阳性率相对较低,应该加强免疫。     

猪场母猪与仔猪猪圆环病毒2型感染情况调查

为了解目前母猪和仔猪猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染情况,本试验对来自于15个猪场的85份母猪血清和29个猪场的55份仔猪可疑病料(脾脏、淋巴结、肾脏等),分别采用间接ELISA和PCR法进行PCV2抗体和病毒核酸检测。结果显示,在15个猪场中,1个猪场母猪抗体呈阴性,其他14个猪场母猪抗体均呈阳性,猪场PCV2阳性检出场为93.3%(14/15),85份母猪血清抗体总阳性率为75.3%(64/85)。29个猪场的仔猪,PCV2核酸检测阳性猪场为19个,猪场阳性率为65.5%(19/29),55份仔猪可疑病料病毒核酸检测总阳性率61.8%(34/55)。可见,母猪和仔猪感染PCV2相当普遍。对母猪群PCV2抗体阳性率及其仔猪群病毒核酸阳性率进行比较发现,母猪群PCV2抗体阳性率越高其仔猪群病毒核酸阳性率却越低。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.