黄芩苷的生物学功能和黄芩及其提取物在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

黄芩苷是从植物黄芩中提纯出来的一种黄酮类化合物,具有广泛的药理特性,在畜牧生产上也有一定的应用.该文对黄芩苷的解热镇静、抗氧化、调节免疫、抑菌抗炎、保护细胞的生物学功能和黄芩及其提取物在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述.     

黄芩苷的生物学功能和黄芩及其提取物在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

黄芩苷是从植物黄芩中提纯出来的一种黄酮类化合物,具有广泛的药理特性,在畜牧生产上也有一定的应用。该文对黄芩苷的解热镇静、抗氧化、调节免疫、抑菌抗炎、保护细胞的生物学功能和黄芩及其提取物在畜禽生产中的应用进行综述。     

黄芩苷的生物学功能及其在动物生产上的应用研究进展

黄芩苷是从干燥的黄芩根中提取的黄酮类物质,因其具有显著的抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化功能逐渐成为科学研究热点,在人类和动物的疾病预防、治疗中广泛应用,但由于黄岑苷分子结构上的糖基,使其水溶性和脂溶性较差,导致机体对黄芩苷的利用度较低,降低了其在畜禽上的使用率。本文综述了黄芩苷的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用,以期为黄芩苷在动物生产中的合理应用及相关研究提供参考。     

黄芩苷对动物肠道保护作用的研究进展

黄芩苷是唇形科植物黄芩根部提取出的一种黄酮类活性物质,在碱性环境下,黄芩苷化学性质不稳定,其分子结构中的苷键易水解、邻二酚羟基易氧化。黄芩苷分子结构中糖基的存在,导致其几乎不溶于水,这使其在临床上的应用受到限制。黄芩苷在肠道中不易吸收,但在肠道微生物产生的β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的作用下,其糖基被去除,转化为更易被肠道吸收的黄芩素。黄芩素在动物体内发生葡萄糖醛酸化、葡萄糖化、甲基化和水解等代谢过程,代谢物主要随胆汁或尿液排出体外。药理学研究发现,黄芩苷具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗肠道损伤等药理活性。利用文献计量学方法对近年来的相关文献进行分析发现,黄芩苷在动物肠道保护中的研究关注度日益增高。为了更全面地梳理当前黄芩苷在动物肠道保护方面的研究现状,作者对黄芩苷抗动物肠道致病微生物以及维持肠道屏障功能稳态的作用进行了综述,旨在为黄芩苷的进一步深入研究及其在兽医临床中的应用提供参考。     

黄芩苷可溶性粉的应用展望

黄芩苷是一种有着良好开发前景的中药。对猪、鸡疾病的防治疗效显著,但黄芩苷不溶于水,使它在实际应用中受到限制。黄芩苷可溶性粉的研制,改变了黄芩苷的溶解性和稳定性,使黄芩苷在猪、鸡疾病的防治中得到更广的应用。     

HCLP法测定中药泡腾栓组分含量的研究

在前期采用正交法筛选出具有清热解毒抑菌、去腐生肌的中药组方泡腾栓的基础上,采用HCLP法测定该中药泡腾栓中主要成分绿原酸和黄芩苷的含量,以此评价其质量,更高效地治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎。结果显示,绿原酸在波长349 nm下和黄芩苷在270 nm下,标准品分别在5.144 min和6.823 min出现明显的色谱峰,而阴性对照无峰出现。绿原酸和黄芩苷的标准曲线分别为A=10068C-2351.1,R=0.9995;A=20919C-132936,R=0.9999;精密度和重现性均良好;加样回收率分别为99.46±0.93和99.23±0.64;每粒栓剂中绿原酸和黄芩苷含量分别为2.91±0.031 mg和13.48±0.113 mg。表明建立起来的HPLC条件可以对该中药泡腾栓组分进行含量分析,并可评价其质量,为治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎中药栓剂的研发和生产提供质量检测保证。     

甲氧苄啶对黄芩苷体外抗菌增效作用的试验

黄芩苷是从唇形科植物黄芩的干燥根中提取的一种黄酮类化合物,具有抗菌、消炎和免疫调节等多种药理作用[1].甲氧苄啶(TMP)为广谱抗菌增效剂,临床上常与磺胺类药物联用以增强磺胺类药物的了抗菌效果,其还可增强多种抗生素以及中药的抗菌作用[2-3].而关于TMP对黄芩苷的抗菌增效作用未见报道.为了探讨TMP对黄芩苷抗菌活性的影响,促进黄芩苷在防治畜禽传染性疾病上的应用,进行黄芩苷与TMP联用的性质和增效剂量关系的试验,并确定TMP对黄芩苷体外抗菌增效的最佳剂量,为开发高效中药复方抗菌制剂奠定基础.     

HPLC法测定复方杨黄灌注液中黄芩苷的含量

复方杨黄灌注液是由黄芩、金银花、连翘、马齿苋等多味药材经现代工艺制成的中药灌注液,具有清热解毒、散瘀消肿、消炎排脓等功效,用于治疗奶牛乳房炎具有良好的疗效.鉴于该方药中黄芩为君药,所含的黄芩苷为其主要有效成分,为了有效评价复方杨黄灌注液的内在质量,笔者采用反相高效液相色谱法建立了该制剂中黄芩苷的含量测定方法,为该制剂的质量控制提供了客观的定量评价方法.     

黄芩苷可溶性粉剂的制备工艺探索

正黄芩作为一种古老的中药药材已有几百年,其清热燥湿、泻火解毒、止血、安胎、降血压的功用已经被无数事例证实。黄芩苷是黄芩的提取物,是黄芩的主要药用成分,现已被广泛用于人类及动物药物。黄芩苷不溶于水,易溶于部分有机溶剂、碱性溶液,但在碱性溶液里不稳定,颜色容易变深。黄芩苷是从黄芩根中提取分离出来的一种黄酮类化合物,具有显著     

黄芩黄酮的研究进展

黄芩黄酮主要由黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素等组成,黄芩黄酮化合物具有降脂、抗血栓、抗氧化等多种生理活性。综述了黄芩中黄酮类化合物的主要成分、提取工艺、影响因素等方面的研究进展,以期为黄芩黄酮在临床中的合理应用提供理论参考。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.