NaCl胁迫对两种桑树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以两种桑树杂交种桂优12和桂优62为试验材料,采用培养皿纸上发芽法研究不同浓度(0,50,100,150mmol/L)NaCl胁迫对两种桑树种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加,桂优12种子的发芽率、活力指数、幼苗株高、根长及鲜重均呈逐渐降低的趋势,而发芽指数则是先升高后降低,在50mmol/L时达到最大值;桂优62种子的发芽率和植株鲜重在50mmol/L时达到最大值,随后随着浓度的增加逐渐降低,其活力指数、幼苗株高及根长则随着NaCl浓度增加呈逐渐降低的趋势。     

盐碱胁迫对野生大豆种子萌发的影响

目的 探讨不同盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发的影响,为优质野生大豆种质资源的开发利用提供参考。方法 分别利用NaCl溶液（20、40、80、120 mmol/L）、Na₂SO₄溶液（10、20、30、40 mmol/L）、Na₂CO₃溶液（20、40、60、120 mmol/L）对野生大豆种子进行盐碱胁迫处理,以不做盐碱胁迫的处理为对照组（CK）。每种溶液每个浓度设置3个重复,每个重复50粒种子。测定并比较3种溶液处理下野生大豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、相对伤害率,以及幼苗的根长、苗长。结果 用NaCl溶液处理野生大豆种子时,80 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随NaCl浓度增加而降低,80、120 mmol/L处理组根长、苗长显著（P<0.05）低于20、40 mmol/L处理组。用Na₂SO₄溶液处理野生大豆种子时,30 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数最高,相对伤害率最低;根长、苗长随Na₂SO₄浓度增加而降低,10 mmol/L处理组野生大豆的根长及苗长最长,与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）。用Na₂CO₃溶液处理野生大豆种子时,随Na₂CO₃浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈逐渐降低趋势,相对伤害率呈逐渐升高趋势;120 mmol/L处理组的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均为0,相对伤害率为100%;20 mmol/L处理组发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数与CK差异不显著（P>0.05）。结论 低浓度盐碱胁迫对内蒙古兴安盟野生大豆种子萌发指标影响较小,弱碱、中性盐在一定浓度内可以促进其萌发;不同浓度盐碱胁迫均对野生大豆幼苗生长性状有影响,浓度越高,伤害越大。     

不同盐胁迫对白三叶种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度的NaCl、Na₂CO₃、Na₂SO₄溶液以及NaCl和Na₂CO₃ 的混合液,NaCl、Na₂CO₃和Na₂SO₄的混合液对白三叶种子进行胁迫处理,每个处理3个重复,测定白三叶种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数以及幼苗根长和苗高等指标。结果表明,与对照相比,随着NaCl、Na₂CO₃以及NaCl和Na₂CO₃ 混合液浓度的增加,白三叶的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的根长和苗高均呈下降趋势。随着Na₂SO₄及NaCl、Na₂CO₃和Na₂SO₄混合液浓度的增加,白三叶种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈先上升后下降趋势,幼苗的根长和苗高呈下降趋势。白三叶种子对不同类型盐的耐受性各异,对NaCl、Na₂CO₃、Na₂SO₄的耐受浓度阈值分别为300 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L。     

赤霉素浓度对苜蓿种子萌发的影响

以公农1号紫花苜蓿和呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿2种苜蓿品种为材料,采用培养皿纸上发芽法,研究不同浓度赤霉素处理（以蒸馏水处理作为对照）对苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：公农1号紫花苜蓿种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、发芽速度以及根长随着赤霉素浓度的增加表现出先增加后降低的趋势,赤霉素浓度为50 mg/L时效果最好;呼伦贝尔黄花苜蓿种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、发芽速度以及根长随着赤霉素浓度的增加表现出逐渐增加的趋势,赤霉素浓度为200 mg/L时效果最好。     

NaCl胁迫对中兰1号紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了研究NaCl对中兰1号紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,试验采用对比试验设计方法,对8种NaCl浓度(0,20,40,60,80,100,120,140 mmol/L)盐胁迫下的种子发芽率、发芽指数、复萌率、总发芽率以及幼苗可溶性糖含量进行了测定。结果表明:中兰1号紫花苜蓿种子发芽高峰期随着NaCl浓度的升高呈滞后趋势;发芽率、发芽指数随着NaCl浓度的升高均呈下降趋势(P0.05);发芽率和发芽指数均与NaCl浓度呈显著负相关(P0.05);中兰1号紫花苜蓿种子的耐盐半致死浓度介于120~140 mmol/L之间;复萌率随着NaCl浓度的升高呈上升趋势(P0.05),总发芽率随着NaCl浓度的升高呈下降趋势(P0.05);在0~60 mmol/L盐胁迫下,中兰1号紫花苜蓿幼苗可溶性糖含量随着NaCl浓度的升高呈先降低后上升趋势(P0.05)。     

甘农1号紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长对NaCl胁迫的响应

为了研究甘农1号紫花苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长对NaCl的响应模式,试验采用单因素试验设计,对10种NaCl浓度(0,20,40,60,80,100,120,140,160,180 mmol/L)下的种子发芽率、发芽指数、复萌率、总发芽率以及幼苗可溶性糖、果糖含量进行了测定。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的升高,甘农1号紫花苜蓿种子发芽高峰期呈滞后的趋势;发芽率、发芽指数随着NaCl浓度的升高均呈下降的趋势(P0.05);发芽率和发芽指数均与NaCl浓度呈显著直线负相关关系(P0.05);甘农1号紫花苜蓿种子的耐盐半致死浓度介于120~140 mmol/L之间;复萌率随着NaCl浓度的升高呈上升的趋势(P0.05),总发芽率随着NaCl浓度的升高呈下降的趋势(P0.05);在0~60 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,甘农1号紫花苜蓿幼苗可溶性糖、果糖含量皆随着NaCl浓度的升高呈先上升后降低的趋势(P0.05)。     

盐胁迫下硝普钠浸种对草地早熟禾种子萌发的影响

2014年9月采用纸上发芽法(TP),研究盐胁迫下硝普钠浸种对草地早熟禾种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:随着硝普钠浓度的升高,草地早熟禾种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚芽和胚根长、幼苗鲜重均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。硝普钠对草地早熟禾种子的萌发具有低浓度促进而高浓度抑制的双重效应,在盐胁迫下SNP溶液浸种浓度为0.25mmol/L时抗盐效果最佳,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为44.7%,25.3%和12.2%,活力指数为0.224 7、0.938 5,胚芽和胚根长为1.12cm、1.08cm,幼苗鲜重为0.020 8g。     

不同种类盐胁迫对孜然种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

用不同浓度的MgSO4、NaCl和CaCl2对孜然种子进行处理,结果表明:盐胁迫对孜然种子的萌发有抑制作用;MgSO4胁迫下孜然种子萌发率、发芽指数、发芽率适宜浓度为0.1%~0.3%,而促进幼苗苗高、根长和鲜重增加的最适浓度为0.1%;NaCl胁迫下孜然种子萌发率、发芽指数、发芽率适宜浓度为0.1%~0.3%,而促进幼苗苗高,根长和鲜重增加的最适浓度为0.1%~0.3%;CaCl2胁迫下孜然种子萌发率、发芽指数、发芽率适宜浓度为0.1%~0.3%,而促进孜然幼苗苗高、根长和鲜重增加的最适浓度为0.1%。     

盐胁迫对桑种子发芽及幼苗生理生化特性的影响

桑树在盐碱地栽培 ,受盐害最为严重的时期是种子萌发及幼苗期。采用不同浓度的NaCl溶液胁迫桑种子 ,研究高盐逆境条件下对种子发芽、幼苗生长及生理效应的影响。结果表明 :随NaCl浓度增大 ,桑种子的萌发率、发芽率逐渐下降 ,发芽滞后且发芽后的幼苗生长被抑制 ,当NaCl的浓度达到 5 0mmol/L时 ,子叶长出率、幼苗鲜质量明显下降 ,在 15 0mmol/L浓度下种子无法长出子叶 ;各处理区叶片的含水率、叶绿素的含量也随NaCl的浓度升高而下降 ;脯氨酸含量则随NaCl浓度增大呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

不同盐胁迫对斜茎黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

[目的]明晰斜茎黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长对不同盐胁迫的适应性。[方法]分别采用NaCl溶液、Na₂SO₄溶液和Na₂CO₃溶液对斜茎黄芪种子进行盐胁迫处理，每种溶液均设置0（CK）、10、20、30、40 mmol/L 5个浓度梯度，每种溶液每个处理浓度设置3次重复。计算不同盐溶液处理下斜茎黄芪种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和相对盐害率，测定幼苗株高、根长。[结果]随着盐溶液浓度逐渐升高，斜茎黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长指标均呈下降趋势。与CK组相比，NaCl、Na₂SO₄、Na₂CO₃处理组在盐溶液浓度为40 mmol/L时，斜茎黄芪种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数显著（P<0.05）降低，幼苗株高及根长显著（P<0.05）降低。Na₂SO₄处理组在盐溶液浓度为10 mmol/L时，幼苗根部较CK组长5.5%，低浓度Na₂SO₄溶液促进了幼苗根部生长；Na₂CO₃溶液处理对斜茎黄芪种子造成严重的盐害，各浓度处理组的种子萌发及幼苗生长指标均显著（P<0.05）低于CK组，且各处理浓度之间差异较大。[结论]斜茎黄芪种子对3种盐胁迫的耐受程度为Na₂SO₄>NaCl>Na₂CO₃。低浓度Na₂SO₄溶液对斜茎黄芪种子的萌发和幼苗生长表现出一定的促进作用，Na₂CO₃溶液则表现出较强的抑制作用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …