当前影响农村信用社贷款无法正常偿还的因素分析

农村信用社贷款无法正常偿还问题突出,其原因有内外两个方面,政策因素、行政干预、信用环境、内部管理等是主要因素。提高农村信用社的信贷资产质量,要从信用建设、制度建设入手,解决贷款无法偿还的问题。     

不同基因型大麦离体培养的花药及小孢子对低温和NaCl预处理的反应

以探讨大麦单倍体细胞水平的耐冷、耐NaCl性与植株水平抗病、耐盐性的相关性为目的，用赤霉病抗性、耐盐性不同的大麦为供试材料，比较了它们的离体培养花药及小孢子对低温、NaCl预处理的培养反应。结果表明：感病材料低温（5℃）预处理17d的花药培养愈伤组织诱导率比未经低温预处理的低，抗病材料则有一定的升幅。用NaCl溶液直接处理游离小孢子，所有供试材料的小孢子存活率随处理浓度升高不断下降，耐盐材料的存活率下降幅度比盐敏材料的小，且抗病材料的降幅比感病材料的小。说明：供体植株水平的抗病、耐盐性在花药、小孢子水平上也能有所表现。     

抗粗缩病玉米种质和新组合鉴定分析初报

为鉴定和筛选出适于黄淮海地区种植的抗粗缩病的玉米新品种,采用田间自然感病鉴定的方法,对295份玉米自交系和10个用其组配的高产杂交组合进行粗缩病抗性鉴定。鉴定出高抗玉米自交系12份、抗性玉米自交系32份、中抗玉米自交系69份、感病玉米自交系71份和高感玉米自交系115份以及3个抗粗缩病的玉米杂交组合。其中,12份高抗玉米自交系可以直接用于抗粗缩病玉米新品种的选育。在选育抗粗缩病玉米新品种的初期,必须确保玉米杂交组合的母本和父本均达到中抗以上水平,或者其父本或母本之一必须为高抗粗缩病的自交系。     

Measurement of response to vernalization in Australian wheats with winter habit

Summary Development in wheat is strongly controlled by sensitivity to vernalization and photoperiod, and to a lesser degree by non-vernalizing temperature and intrinsic earliness. A method to measure effect of vernalization in wheats with winter habit is described. Twenty seven wheats with winter habit and eight with spring/facultative habit were studied, comprising breeding lines and cultivars with maturities suited to south-central New South Wales. Effect of vernalization on the development of these wheats was quantified by integrating responses to vernalizing treatments of differing duration. Intrinsic earliness was measured as time for vernalized seedlings to grow to ear emergece in an 18h photoperiod with day/night temperature of 21/16°C, and response to photoperiod as the difference in time to ear emergence between 9 and 18h daylengths. Integrated response to vernalization is sensitive to both cumulative and thresh-hold responses and is applicable to wheats of all habit type. Integrated response to vernalization and intrinsic earliness were positively associated within wheats with winter habit. Wheats were largely of restricted origin, so that there were few allelic differences at Vrn loci to disrupt this association, which suggests intrinsic earliness may modify response to vernalization. Though integrated response to vernalization was measured with artificial treatments, it was strongly associated with ear emergence for wheats with winter habit when grown at a site in New South Wales.     

Aneuploids of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

Summary Aneuploid plants of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with 2n=15 to 30 chromosomes were obtained by crossing a near-triploid (2n=3x+1=22) with a diploid or on open-pollination with diploids and tetraploids. Aneuploids occurred with a frequency of 83% in near triploid × diploid progeny and 92% on open-pollination with diploid and tetraploid plants. Aneuploid plants with 15 to 18 chromosomes resembled diploids in morphology and those with 19 to 30 chromosomes were akin to tetraploids. Meiotic studies suggested that most aneuploid plants resulted from transmission of aneuploid egg cells (n=8 to 23). Aneuploid plants with 2n=27 to 30 chromosomes in the progeny of 22×14 cross originated from unreduced egg cells. Plants with 19 to 21 chromosomes were recovered only by immature seed culture. Aneuploid plants with 26 to 30 chromosomes and triploids (2n=21) had higher pollen fertility and bigger seeds than plants with 15 to 22 chromosomes.     

Digital Filtering with Zero Phase Error

Aiming at the problem of phase error caused by normal filters in signal processing , summarizes the important meaning of digital filtering with zero phase error. Puts forward RRF Filtering which is a new way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error through reversing the time serials of the signal. Another way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error is suggested through reversing the time serials of normal filter. Testifies the way to realize digital filtering with zero phase error. Points out how to design the digital filter with zero phase frequency peculiarity. Solves the problem of phase error in DSP.     

重庆烤烟品质年际变化及感官品质的影响因素分析

为分析重庆烤烟品质特征的年际变化及化学成分与感官质量的关系,对12个产区5年的245个烤后烟叶样品进行分析。结果表明,总糖和还原糖含量以2010年和2011年最高;而总氮、烟碱和氯含量以2010年和2011年最低;中上部叶钾含量呈逐年递减趋势。糖碱比仅以上部叶较适宜,而氮碱比则以下部叶较适宜,3个部位的钾氯比均高于适宜范围。3个部位烟叶的感官质量均有逐年改善的趋势。典型相关分析表明,下部叶的刺激性与总氮含量呈正相关;甜度与总氮含量呈负相关;香气量与氯和糖碱比呈负相关,与氮碱比呈正相关。中部叶的刺激性与烟碱含量呈正相关,与钾含量呈负相关。香气质呈现随还原糖和钾的增加而改善、随总糖的提高而降低的趋势;柔细度与烟碱呈负相关,与钾、氮碱比和两糖差呈正相关;杂气随糖碱比呈正相关,与氮碱比呈负相关;甜度随糖碱比增加而增加。上部叶的刺激性随烟碱和糖碱比的增加而增加。     

不同条件下粮食油料散落性的探讨

利用传统的木板法和固定漏斗法测定不同水分、杂质大豆、稻谷和油菜籽在不同材料上的自流角、静止角。结果表明:不同含水量的稻谷,随着含水量的增加,其自流角在增大;不同杂质含量的稻谷,随着含杂量的增加,其自流角在增大;不同材质的板材,随着摩擦力的增加,其自流角也在增大。不同含水量的稻谷,随着含水量的增加,其静止角在增大;不同杂质含量的稻谷,随着含杂量的增加,其静止角也在增大。相同水分的大豆、稻谷、油菜籽,稻谷的摩擦力最大,自流角和静止角也最大;大豆、稻谷、油菜籽相比,大豆粒大、饱满、表面光滑,油菜籽次之,因此,在外界条件相同情况下,大豆的散落性最好,油菜籽次之,稻谷最差。     

镉对鸡肝脏抗氧化系统功能以及中药四君子汤拮抗效应的影响研究

为探讨中药四君子汤对镉中毒鸡肝脏GSH-Px、SOD活性抑制的拮抗作用。选用60只100日龄海兰公鸡,随机平均分为3组,对照组常规饲养,加镉组常规饲养的同时,添加CdCl2 150 mg/kg,中药四君子汤加镉组常规饲养的同时,添加CdCl2 150 mg/kg,添加1％中药四君子汤。分笼常规饲养,试验期为60天,这样就建立了亚慢性镉中毒及中药四君子汤拮抗模型。试验结果显示：肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性为对照组、中药四君子汤加镉组至加镉组依次降低;肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为对照组、中药四君子汤加镉组至加镉组依次降低;肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量为对照组、中药四君子汤加镉组至加镉组依次升高。表明日粮中添加中药四君子汤后可有效地提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

烯效唑对花生生长调节作用研究

为了明确烯效唑对花生生长发育和产量性状的影响,于花生盛花期采用田间常规喷雾的方法,研究烯效唑对花生生物性状、经济性状及品质的影响。结果表明：盛花期经过烯效唑处理的花生主茎高度低于清水对照,对株高的抑制率在7.95%~12.27%之间;与产量相关的经济性状各处理区均高于对照处理;药剂处理区增产率9.5%~13.8%,增产效果显著。烯效唑对花生营养生长的抑制持续期较多效唑长,有利于花生的生殖生长,对花生经济产量的形成具有积极的促进作用。     

大豆主要病害多抗性资源筛选鉴定

大豆灰斑病、根腐病和疫霉病是生产上主要发生的病害,对大豆的产量和品质影响很大,用抗病品种是防治病害的有效方法,抗病资源筛选鉴定是抗病育种的基础。因此,本研究对这3 种病害进行抗病性鉴定,旨在筛选出单抗和多抗资源。用人工接种鉴定的方法,对139 份大豆材料分别接种大豆灰斑病菌、根腐病菌、疫霉病菌,进行单一病害鉴定,发病后按每种病害的抗性评价标准确定每份材料的抗病性。结果表明,对大豆灰斑病和疫霉病表现高抗的材料总计为51份,中抗材料总计为80份;对大豆灰斑病和根腐病表现为抗病材料总计为102 份;对3 种病害鉴定为感病的材料总计为179 份。抗2 种以上病害鉴定结果为,抗根腐病和疫霉病的材料12份;抗灰斑病和疫霉病的材料14份;抗灰斑病和根腐病的材料16分。抗3种病害的材料7份。明确了在供试的大豆材料中对单一病害的抗源居多,抗2 种以上病害特别是抗3种病害的材料较少,因此,应合理的利用这些多抗性的资源材料。     

Stripe rust reactions of Australasian wheats

Summary Seedling and field reactions to four European races of stripe rust were determined for 254 wheat cultivars, mostly from Australia and New Zealand. Numerical analyses of the data employed a divisive classification procedure with termal reallocation to form 10 groups which were then further classified, ordinated and diagnosed by several procedures. The groups formed ranged from one comprising four wheats with low seedling reactions to all four rust strains and mean field rust of only 1.0%, to one comprising 105 wheats with high seedling reactions and mean field rust of 64.7%. Groups of cultivars with intermediate levels of rust resistance were classified both on relative level of overall rust and on differential reactions to rust strains. One group of 13 cultivars had moderately high seedling reactions but averaged only 1.5% rust in the field.Seedling response to gibberellic acid (GA) was also measured and diagnosed as an external attribute, along with grain type and region of origin. Principal co-ordinate analysis revealed that greater resistance to stripe rust was associated with the insensitivity to GA typical of semidwarf wheats and with an origin in northern Australia, where semidwarf wheats have been most used in the breeding program. In terms of numerical analysis of disease data in plant breeding programs, the study highlighted the advantages of using divisive classification with terminal reallocation of group members.     

频振式杀虫灯在水稻害虫防治中的应用与研究

为了提高西双版纳稻米品质,减少农药残留,科学合理的虫害防治方法是重要的解决手段之一。频振式杀虫灯是当前运用非常广泛的一种物理诱杀害虫的工具,具有广谱、高效、无污染的特点。试验设立灯控不施药区、灯控施药区、非灯控施药区和非灯控不施药区,安排随机区组试验,调查虫害发生动态,适时开展化学农药防治和跟踪测产。试验结果表明：频振式杀虫灯单灯每晚诱虫量在6.7~224 g之间,灯控不施药区、灯控施药区和非灯控施药区与非灯控不施药区相比,对水稻主要害虫稻飞虱和螟虫的防效均达到极显著水平。同时,初步掌握了频振式杀虫灯对水稻害虫的控害效果,表现在水稻虫害发生量减少、防治成本降低、水稻增产增收等方面的效益较为显著。     

5种反应介质对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的治理效果研究

为了研究PRB技术修复垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的可能性,筛选最佳反应介质及其配比,为城市垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的治理提供参考,选择零价铁粉、膨润土、沸石、活性碳、炉渣5种反应介质,研究其对垃圾渗滤液污染地下水的治理效果。结果表明：5种反应介质单独作用下,活性炭对地下水中的COD去除效果最好,去除率达到76.0%,沸石对COD去除效果最差,去除率仅为45.0%,但沸石对地下水中NH₃的去除效果最好,去除率为70.8%,零价铁对NH₃的去除效果最差,去除率为42.3%;选择零价铁、活性炭、沸石3种介质按照不同配比继续试验,得出对COD的去除效果以零价铁：活性炭：沸石= 2:2:1的比例最好,其次是1:2:2和2:1:2,对NH₃的去除效果以零价铁：活性炭：沸石=1:2:2的比例最好,其次是2:1:2和2:2:1。     

A Study on Plaster of Paris Made from Phosphogypsum

This paper deals with the purification of phosphogypsum by some processing such as washing with water, washing with lime milk, neutralization with lime and so on. It also covers the way to make plaster of Paris having good properties without washing. The result shows that the process of neutralization with lime is simple and the treated phosphogypsum can be used to produce the first grade of plaster.     

Resistance to the Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) in Diploid Potatoes

A high level of PLRV resistance has been found in four diploid genotypes originating from resistant ancestors widely utilized in European potato breeding. Plants of these genotypes were difficult to infect not only with aphids, but also with graft inoculation. Their resistance is associated with limited virus spread, but not with intolerance. The level of PLRV resistance in these genotypes appears to be comparable to a high level of resistance detected recently in some wild potato species. Evaluation of virus concentration after graft inoculation with PLRV was found useful in the selection of potato genotypes highly resistant to PLRV.     

棉花表型性状基因的SSR标记定位

本文以两个陆地棉多标记基因系T582和T586,以及杂交获得的F_1、F_2及F_3代作为试验材料,利用11对SSR引物对F_2群体的120个单株的DNA样品进行多态性分析,并利用F_2和F_3群体对F_2群体对应单株的13个表型性状进行基因型的判定,结果得到了3个与表型性状基因连锁的SSR标记,分别是红茎基因(R_1)与J178连锁、遗传距离为24.9cM,簇生铃基因(CL_1)与J236连锁,遗传距离为46.0cM,茸毛基因(T_1)与J252连锁,遗传距离为28.5cM,其中R_1、CL_1、J178和J236在同一连锁群上。红茎和植株茸毛是具有抗虫性能的形态性状,用SSR标记这些性状将有助于提高育种家的育种效率。     

Scanning Beam Method for the Contour Graph

The tracing method is applied to generate the contour graph, it is difficult to find the start point of the interior closed contour beam. This paper presents a general scanning beam method which can be applied to generate color contour graph for elements with arbitrary shape by the object-oriented programming. We give visualization of the elements of triangle the element with 3 Points, triangle element with 6 Points, quadrilateral element with 4 Points, quadrilateral element with 8 Points, quadrilateral Element with 9 Points and the example by the MFC of Visual C++ R6.     

农作物秸秆栽培灵芝试验效果评价

目的:研究以农作物秸秆作为主要原料栽培灵芝的效果。方法:采用二因素随机区组设计研究不同秸秆种类和玉米粉用量对灵芝生物转化率的影响。结果:秸秆种类和玉米粉用量对灵芝生物转化率均有显著影响。结论:用稻草、麦草和油菜杆做主要原料栽培灵芝是不可行的,而用大豆秸、豌豆秸、蚕豆秸、花生秸等豆科植物秸秆及玉米芯、玉米秆、棉籽壳栽培灵芝是可行的。用大豆秸等豆科植物秸秆及棉籽壳栽培灵芝,培养基中玉米粉的最佳用量为6％。生物转化率可达66％-80％:用玉米芯、玉米秆栽培灵芝,培养基中玉米粉的最佳用量为9％,生物转化率分别为74．5％和50％。     

Experimental Analysis on Axial Compressive Behavior of R- CFTStub Columns with Prestressed Binding Bars

In order to investigate the effect of prestressed binding bars on axial compressive behavior of rectangular concrete-filled tubular (CFT) short columns, five rectangular CFT short columns, three with prestressed binding bars, one with ordinary binding bars, the other with no binding bars, were constructed and tested under axial compressive loads. The binding bars were made up with high-strength bolts. As used for ordinary binding bars, the high-strength bolts were welded to the steel tube before the column was loaded to axial compressive force. As used for prestressed binding bars, the high-strength bolts were first tensed by screwed screw cap down to bring force to prestress the steel tube and its core concrete, then welded to the steel tube before the column was loaded to axial compressive force. Test results indicate that the bearing capacity and ductility of rectangular CFT short columns are increased by setting binding bars. Compared to ordinary binding bars, the prestressed binding bars can decrease the longitudinal displacements corresponding to ultimate strength, but have little effect on the ultimate strength and displacement capacity after ultimate strength of the columns. The longitudinal displacements corresponding to ultimate strength of the columns decrease with the decreasing of space between binding bars. With the same section width and amount of binding bars, the bearing capacity of the columns improves with the increase of section long-broad-ratio, while displacement capacity after ultimate strength decreases with the increase of section long-broad-ratio.