Design of an Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm for Vehicle Target Tracking

The interacting multiple model algorithm is used to solve the vehicle's tracking problems in automated highway system.It has multiple models,each of which matches to a particular mode such as uniform motion with constant velocity and maneuvering motion with acceleration.Combined with the target maneuvering models,the current acceleration of the target and its covariance are simulated.Significant noise reduction is achieved during the uniform motion.And it does better in maintaining the accuracy of the state estimates than the unfiltered radar measurements during the maneuver.A rapid detection of the maneuver is also obtained.The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the IMM algorithm will improve the target's tracking performance and enhance the vehicle's safety and reliability.     

Reliability Evaluation for Bulk Power System Including Dependent Outage of Transmission Line

In order to calculate and analyze the effect of two transmission lines in parallel on the reliability evaluation of bulk power system, a model including independent outage, common mode outage and dependent outage of these lines is deduced and a new algorithm corresponding to the model is presented. Two transmission lines in parallel including common mode outages and dependent outages can be really simulated as a multi-state component. While reliability indices are calculated, the probability and frequency of independent outage, common mode outage and dependent outage of a system failure state can be calculated at the same time, and computation complexity is reduced. The proposed model and algorithm are applied to the RBTS system, IEEE One Area RTS96 system and a real power system for reliability computation and analysis. Results show that the new algorithm is credible and validity.     

棉花盲蝽象预报方法研究与应用

小波分析表明,近28年来鄱阳湖北部棉花盲蝽象发生等级存在着明显的5年与6～8年的振荡周期。其中,1990-1998年尺度为5年的主周期很明显,1990年以前尺度为7～8年的主周期较明显,1999-2008年显现明显的6～7年主周期。这也表明棉花盲蝽象的发生、消长存在着"年际生态后续效应"(即前、后年之间存在着一定的因果关系)。对比分析与相关分析表明:棉花盲蝽象的发生与冬季气候背景及中短期气象条件存在着显著的相关性。基于上述研究,通过逐步回归建立了棉花盲蝽象长期预报模式与中短期气象条件适宜度预报模式,并通过预报试验获得了在同一农业气候区推广应用的信度依据。     

Reliability-aware schedule of periodic tasks in energy-constrained real-time systems

The Dynamic Voltage Scaling(DVS)technology which is widely used in numerous energy management schedule has negative effect on system reliability. Based on the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), two noble reliability-aware schedule algorithms are proposed for DVS systems with discrete frequencies, which will meet the energy constraint and deadline naturally while maximize the reliability of the system. The simulation results indicate that the dynamic schedule algorithm outperforms the static schedule algorithm, and its performance is close to that of the optimal scheduler that knows the exact workload in advance.     

Load Curtailment Strategy by Near in Bulk Power Systems Reliability Evaluation

In order to improve the existing method of electric network reliability evaluation, the basic concepts, for example, the flow through the failure events, the sent ends and received ends of these failure events, the load curtailment region of the received ends and the degree of the load curtailment, are defined. With these concepts, the connotation of LCSN (Load Curtail Strategy by Near) is enriched and algorithms of the load curtailment region are conducted. The theory foundation for further exploring LCSN is created. The results show that the algorithm can quickly and effectively make reliability assessment of power systems.     

COMPOSITE SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION CONSIDERING LOAD MODEL

The study for dealing with the load model in composite system reliability evaluation is almost at a standstill because of the inherent computational complexity. In this paper, an algorithm for composite system reliability evaluation considering load model is proposed. This method is powerful in computation because it can avoid unnecessary state enumeration by means of the relationship among basic reliability informations of load levels. As an example, the IEEE 24-node Reliability Test System is tested on VAX-11/750 computer. The average CPU time to calculate the reliability indices of the system corresponding to a load level is about 5 seconds.     

SHORT-TERM RELIABILITY EVALUATION FOR GENERATION SYSTEM

This paper presents an analytical method to evaluate the short-term reliability for generation system. Based on the discretization of continuous Markov Process,the transient performance of short-ferm reliability is considered, and the Loss of Load Expection(LOLE) Energy Index of Reliabihty (EIR) are calculated step by step. This method is applied to evaluate short-term rehability of a generation system,and the results of the evaluation show that the method is feasible.     

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND DIGITAL SIMULATION FOR A REGENERATIVE HEATING SYSTEMS OF 200MW REHEATING STEAM TURBINE

Based on the physical processes of regenerative heating systems, the mathematical models of regenerative system,reheat system and steam turbine for a 200MW reheating steam turbine are presented, and the digital simulation of them on IBM-PC is also provided in this paper. The present work is a part of the study of the dynamic characteristics of all power systems. The mathematical model is expressed into state space form ,and its matrix is standardized to avoid the repeatation of establishing the models of heat exchangers.     

THE CALCULATION OF THE LNS INDEX OF LARGE GENERATORS USING PIECEWISE ALGORITHM BY CAPACITIES

If generator capacity were not graded, the error in reliability evaluation would increase along with the large-capacity generators put into use.In this paper, the method for calculating LNS Index of generators is analyzed and studied using piecewise "algorithm by capacity, it can be used in reliability evaluating of unspecified under loaded generators.     

Pole Normal Assignment for Linear Control Systems

The eigenvalues of a normal matrix are not sensitive to its elements perturbation. Based on the fact, the pole normal assignment problem for linear control systems is discussed. The aim is to find a state feedback control law. When the closed-loop system has desired poles and the closed-loop system matrix is a normal matrix, the robustness of the control system is enhanced. For linear constant systems, a necessary and sufficient condition is given to normal assignment of the desired poles. When the condition holds, a unified expression of the state feedback control laws is showed. An example is given for illustration of the proposed algorithm.     

Successive Approximation by Cascade Auto Disturbance Rejection Controller

An algorithm of parameter identification by model compensation auto disturbance rejection controller is given. It is very efficient to the parameter identification problems of low order systems. At the same time it is not easy to get satisfying parameters of the extended state observer when the order of the controlled system is high. To solve the above problem, we combine in this paper the auto disturbance rejection controller constructed by cascade extended state observer(CESO) with the algorithm of successive approximation. Simulations show it can identify the parameter of systems with known structure effectively. In the meantime, the parameters of CESO are much easier to adjust than those of the former ESO when it is applied to high order systems.     

OPTIMAL ACTIVE POWER ADJUSTMEMT OF LARGE HYBRID AC/DC SYSTEMS AFTER OUTAGE CONTINGENCIES WITH THE APPLICATION IN RELIABILITY EVALUATION

An optimal active power adjustment model is deve in this paper for hybrid AC/DC systems after outage contingencies. The objective of the model is to minimize the rejection of load when some elements are out of service, with adjustment strategy approaching practical system operation. A large number of outage contingencies are simulated when the Monte-Carlo Method is emyloyed to evaluate the system reliability, requiring fast calculation of each simulation. The model and computer method proposed in this paper satisfy such a requirment because of the application of concentric relaxation, recursive branch constraint treatment in linear programming and a direct method for B-1 matrix modification. This paper is concerned with the simplified steady state conditions of the system based on DC load-flow, which implies the reliability indices calculated are the measures about static loss of load. The results for a 14-bus hybrid AC/DC system are given.     

Adaptive Filtering Algorithm to GPS/INS Integrated System

GPS/INS integrated systems are applied in the self-positioning of the high dynamic targets. This paper forms state equations and observation equations by the integrated system and GPS observation respectively. An adaptive filtering algorithm is introduced which estimates observation noise covariance with observation data, and estimates dynamic noise covariance by use of Sage-Husa filtering algorithm which has faster convergent speed and better stability than the conventional Kalman filtering algorithm. At last, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

Impact of Main Factor on Radio Channel of LMDS System

Characteristics of radio channel play a key role in stabilization and reliability of LMCS/LMDS system at centimeter and millimeter. Rain specific attenuation has been recognized as a principal cause for impact system performance in LMDS and satellite communications systems operating in the same frequency band. In contrast to mobile communication system, multipath is not a typically problem for LMDS system, because directional antennas are used and the antennas are sufficiently high providing a line of sight propagation path between the transmitter and receiver. Moreover, the effects of buildings, foliage, and dust storms shouldn't be ignored. The impact of these factors on signal propagation and propose corresponding models is discussed. At the last,antenna height and directivity are used in the classification of statistical channel models for LMDS.     

THE MONTE-CARLO METHOD FOR RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF LARGE SCALE COMPOSITE GENERETION-TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

The paper presents a Monte-carlo method for reliability evaluation of large scale composite generation transmission systems. The method, which possesses coputational rapidity and sufficient accuracy,is based on combining the dispersed sampling techique with the analysis approach and the optimization model of power not supplied. Because the amount of calculation increases only linearly with, the number of elements, it is specially sui- table for large scale systems. The Monte-carlo sampling draws more near the real situation than determinate state enumeration in simulating occurrence of power system outages. Also, the method can be easily generalized to involve multi-states of elements, multi-levels and stochastic distribution of loads. The results of IEEE-RTS, as example, are given and compared with ones obtained by using the other two methods.     

Fuzzy Adaptive Variable Structure Control of Speed Process of DC Motor

The load changed of motor affects normal run. If it is not adjusted, the state of motor will become poor, while it affects steady of the system. This paper presents an efficient method for the motor speed controlling, it applies Tacagi-Sugeno's method that each linear submodels are connected for fuzzy algorithm, an algorithm of the fuzzy model identifying and fuzzy control is fulfilled through whole nonlinear model which are replaced with local linear models. It makes speed of motor to maintain steady, and variable structure control is applied to guarantee performance of dynamic flowing for process controlled, the design of stability and robustness is proposed in the scheme. Practice running results show that it is efficient that uncertain dynamic processes are controlled.     

Reliability evaluation algorithm for complex electrical distribution networks using the storage structure of adjacency multilist

A section algorithm of reliability evaluation for complex medium voltage Electrical Distribution Networks (EDNs) using adjacency multilist (AM) is proposed. The constructing method for AM is introduced. The AM can be used to store the structure data of EDNs and to solve the problem of space & time complexity. A new power flow algorithm of backward / forward sweep is proposed and a fast algorithm of forming sections in distribution network is put forward. The proposed algorithm makes a perfect combination of the power flow algorithm and the section algorithm of reliability evaluation, which makes efforts to decrease the work of programming and saves the computing time. Applying the proposed algorithm in RBTS-BUS6 system and actual EDNs, the reliability assessment results show that the algorithm has an advantage of saving time and possesses efficiency in engineering practicality.     

Reliability Evaluation of Middle Voltage Distribution Networks

A reliability evaluation algorithm for middle voltage radial distribution network is presented. The algorithm applied ahead-searching-method to determining the area of breaker influencing, applied bidirectional-searching-method to determining faulting area, and applied behind-searching-method to determining connection switch. Then the type of nodes is determined. The reliability index of nodes,feerders and system can be easily computed by the type of nodes.So the computing effeciency is improved. At the same time, the curtailing load algorithms for low-voltage of buses and over-capacity of lines are presented and the foundation for the reliability assessment is established considering the power flow restriction. From the RBTS68-bus and other middle radial distribution networks,the effectiveness and availability of the method are verified.     

Energy Saving and Optimization of the Municipal Water-supply Systems

This paper describes the familiar ways for the energy saving of the municipal water-supply systems and the basic methodologies for the optimal pump operations. A recommendation of the most-used nonlinear programming and the lately developed genetic algorithm of the water distribution systems is also provided. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are presented,along with the comment of the corresponding applications.At the last part of this paper, the author puts forward his suggestions, at the basis of the summary and conclusion of energy saving and optimization of the municipal water-supply systems.Through this paper, the author hopes to review the state of existing ways and methodologies of the water-supply systems,and to recognize the future work that for us to do.     

State of charge estimation of lithium iron phosphate batteriesbased on adaptive Kalman filters

The Kalman filter algorithm can be used to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of power batteries, however, it easily causes divergence due to uncertain of system noise and its estimation performance is affected by model. An adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is adopted to dynamically estimate SOC of lithium iron phosphate batteries for application in electric vehicles. At first, an equivalent circuit model, appropriate for SOC estimation is built after studying battery models. Then some charging and discharging experiments are carried out for parameter identification and the results are verified. At last, the adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is used on this model for on-line SOC estimation under unknown interfering noise. Simulation results show that adaptive Kalman filter method can correct SOC estimation error caused by tiny model error online, and the estimate accuracy is higher than Kalman filter method. Adaptive Kalman filter algorithm can also correct the initial error. Full-cycle test in electric vehicles proves that the algorithm is appropriate for SOC estimation of lithium iron phosphate battery.