长白落叶松人工林生物量的结构与分布

采用径级标准木和样方收获法,对24a生长白落叶松人工林的生物量和生产力进行了研究。结果表明:24a生长白落叶松人工林分生物量为120.55t/hm2,年平均净生产力为8.47 t/(hm2.a),生态系统的生物量分配格局为乔木层>枯枝落叶层>下木层>草本层,其中乔木层生物量为102.17t/hm2,净生产力为8.09t/(hm2.a),其生物量分配格局为树干>树根>树皮>树枝>树叶;在林分产量结构方面,8 m以下树干生物量占其总量的81.80%,树枝和树叶的生物量主要分布在10～14 m,分别占树枝和树叶总生物量的71.11%和73.05%,地下根系生物量分配格局为粗根(直径大于5 cm)>根头>中根(0.5～5 cm)>细根(<0.5cm),粗根生物量占根总生物量的53.98%。     

祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林生物量和净生产力研究

选择祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林为研究对象,按海拔、坡向、坡度、坡位等设置青海云杉林固定样地共10块,开展青海云杉林生物量和净生产力研究。结果表明:青海云杉林乔木层平均生物量分别为116.19t hm~(-2),平均净生产力为1.36t hm~(-2)a~(-1)。海拔2 800m段是青海云杉林生长的最佳地段,生物量和年净生产力均为最大;从海拔2 800m开始,随着海拔梯度的增加,生物量和净生产力呈降低趋势;海拔3 300m林线处,生物量和净生产力达到最低。青海云杉林生物量及净生产力与林分树高和林龄显著相关(P0.05),与胸径相关性不显著(P0.05)。     

红麻与黄麻在改良铅锌矿渣下的筛选与评价

以30个红麻和黄麻品种为材料,在不同改良处理(对照,100%矿渣+少量磷肥;改良一,90%矿渣+10%泥炭土+少量磷肥;改良二,80%矿渣+20%泥炭土+少量磷肥)下进行室外盆栽试验,测定了植物存活情况、生物量和植物各部位Pb、Zn含量及其积累总量,并根据植物Pb、Zn积累总量对30种红麻和黄麻进行聚类分析。结果表明:(1)30个品种中有25个品种可成活。(2)在对照处理下,25个红麻和黄麻品种的地上部、地下部生物量平均值为3.453 g和1.243 g;而在改良一处理下,其地上部、地下部生物量平均值为5.702 g和2.297 g;改良二处理下,地上部、地下部生物量平均值为9.271 g和3.210 g。(3)红麻和黄麻品种对Pb、Zn都具有一定的吸附能力,且地下部含量均大于地上部含量。除地上部Zn含量,红麻和黄麻重金属含量呈现对照组改良组的趋势。(4)红麻和黄麻Pb平均积累总量分别为对照组3.18 mg、改良一4.06 mg、改良二4.75 mg;Zn平均积累总量分别为对照组2.43 mg、改良一3.80 mg、改良二5.80 mg。(5)红麻和黄麻的生物量、重金属含量、重金属积累总量受其品种(P0.01)、泥炭土添加量(P0.01)及两者交互作用(P0.01)的显著影响。根据聚类分析和方差验证,可以将30个品种红麻和黄麻分为Pb、Zn高积累型和低积累型两类。     

施用氮、磷肥对旱冬瓜苗木生长的影响

以Hoagland液为母液,调节母液中氮磷的浓度作全磷缺氮、全磷低氮、全氮缺磷、全氮低磷4种营养液处理对旱冬瓜盆苗苗木生长影响的试验,并以清水处理作对照,结果表明:在旱冬瓜的盆苗培育期,缺磷、仅施用氮肥时,会抑制其苗木的生长,旱冬瓜苗木的茎生物量、叶生物量、地上部分总生物量、细根生物量、地下部分总生物量分别比清水处理下降了66 %、69 %、68.5 %、65 %、59.7 %,在其培育期施用低磷全氮肥能促进旱冬瓜苗木根系的生长,但不能增加其苗木地上部分的生物量;施用全磷肥能明显促进旱冬瓜苗木的地径及苗高生长,增加苗木地上和地下部分的生物量,它们依次比清水处理增加了46.3 %、7.2 %、73.3 %、51.6 %.试验结果还表明,旱冬瓜苗木的地下部分与地上部分的生物量比例＜1时,反映此期间需对其苗木加强光照.在旱冬瓜的育苗期其苗木仅需供给全磷营养液和充分的光照即可,不需要补充氮肥.     

基于CASA模型的人工植被生物量的估算及特征分析

利用改进的CASA模型,结合Landsat TM遥感影像及气象数据,估算榆林飞播林2010年7月的植被净初级生产力。通过实测植被生物量,验证CASA模型在研究区的估算结果。结果表明:CASA模型适用于榆林飞播林植被净初级生产力估算;CASA模型估算的不同地区NPP区别明显,榆林市横山县与榆阳区交界处的植被NPP值最高,其值介233.21～414.15gC/m2之间;榆林飞播林生态系统属于较低生产力的生态系统;沙柳的NPP水平最高,以柠条+沙柳+沙蒿为播种模式的人工林地生物量最高;除沙柳、花棒和沙蒿外,其他飞播植物生物量与含水量无明显的相关性;不同飞播年代的同种植被生物量与含水量、土壤养分以及气候等因素之间具有密切的相关性。     

鄂尔多斯高原油蒿灌丛群落生物量和净初级生产力研究(英文)

应用标准株收获法对鄂尔多斯高原油蒿灌丛群落生物量和净初级生产力进行了一个生长季(6月~10月)的研究。结果表明:(1)生长季内不同月份之间相同株型单株油蒿地上和地下生物量差异不显著(p>0.1),而地上当年生部分生物量差异显著(p<0.01);(2)油蒿群落中,地上和地下总生物量为699.76~1246.40gm-2,年地上部分NPP值为224.09 gm-2y-1;(3)单株油蒿生物量和 NPP 与灌丛体积具有较好的相关性,应用幂指数方程能够达到较好的拟合效果。     

兴久生态村防护林体系光能吸收率的研究

通过对防护林体系光能吸收率的研究得知, 在防护林体系庇护范围内的作物和草的光能吸收率及净初级生产力均比体系外无林对照区高。表明防护林体系在一定程度上改变了体系内农田活动层太阳辐射能的再分配, 起到调节体系内作物生长小气候的作用。林分的光能吸收率及净初级生产力较农地作物为高, 显著高于草地。     

氮添加对退化草原优势植物多根葱(Allium polyrhizum)生物量的影响

指出了氮素是植物个体生长最常见的限制因子之一,氮限制植物生长更甚于其他营养元素。大气氮沉降增加作为全球变化的重要现象,对草地生态系统及各种植物的生产力可产生重要的影响。采用盆栽法,以退化克氏针茅草原优势植物多根葱为研究对象,设置0、2、5、10、20、50gN/m~2 6个氮添加水平进行了实验,分析了不同施氮梯度对多根葱生物量的影响。结果表明:多根葱的地上、地下生物量、枯落物量以及总生物量随着氮浓度的增加显著升高,证实了氮添加能显著影响植物的生长,适量氮添加可以提升植物的生产力。     

重庆石漠化区香根草栽植初探

在重庆巫山石漠化地区采用香根草进行栽植试验,并对其生物量进行测定、统计分析,结果表明:1)不同栽植密度处理香根草生物量不同,以30 cm×30 cm处理最大,1 m×1 m处理最小,香根草生物量有随栽植密度减小而减小趋势;3种处理中,香根草地上部分生物量均大于地下部分生物量。2)不同栽植技术处理,香根草生物量不同,以移栽灵处理香根草生物量最大,对照最小。移栽灵和对照处理中,香根草地上部分上物量均大于地下部分生物量,生根粉则相反,地上部分生物量小于地下部分生物量。     

呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松生产力及其对气候因子的响应

目的 森林在减缓温室气体浓度和气候变化方面发挥着巨大作用,研究不同密度下林分生产力及其对气候的响应有助于森林生态系统的功能评估及适应性管理。 方法 本研究利用树木年轮学方法得到了呼伦贝尔沙地不同密度（用林分胸高断面积表示）的天然樟子松林净初级生产力,并结合气象因子分析其对温度、降水及干旱指数的响应。 结果 表明：胸高断面积为8.83、21.94、24.28、32.36和34.9 m2·hm−2的樟子松林的多年平均净初级生产力分别为1.17、2.99、3.55、4.69和4.86 t ·hm−2 ·a−1,随样地密度增加而增加;高密度樟子松林净初级生产力与上年7月和当年9月平均气温及平均最高气温显著正相关（P＜0.05）;5月降水是天然樟子松林净初级生产力的关键限制因子,所有密度林分的净初级生产力均与当年5月降水显著正相关（P＜0.05）;自上年11月至当年7月,净初级生产力与帕默尔干旱胁迫指数（PDSI）的相关系数随林分密度增加而减小,表明林分竞争的增加导致了净初级生产力对PDSI敏感性的降低。 结论 林分密度对呼伦贝尔沙地天然樟子松的净初级生产力及其气候响应存在明显影响,密度调整可能是气候变化下森林适应性管理的关键措施。     

Effects of adding water on seasonal variation of soil nitrogen availability under sandy grasslands in semi-arid region

Water is usally thought of a limiting factor for the restoration of semi-arid ecosystem. In the growing season of 2006, a study was conducted to determine the effects of modeling precipitation on seasonal patterns in concentrations of soil-available nitrogen and to describe the seasonal patterns in soil nitrogen availability and seasonal variation in the rates of net nitrogen mineralization of topsoil at Daqinggou ecological station in Keerqin sand lands, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Manipulation of water （80 mm） was designed to be added to experiment plots of sandy grasslands in dry season. Water addition （W） treatment and control （CK） treatment were separately taken in six replications and randomly assigned in 12 plots （4 m×4 m for each） with 2-m buffers betweens. Results showed that the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization rate were not affected by adding water in sandy grassland of Keerqin sand lands. Net ni- trogen mineralization rates ranged from 0.5μg·g^-1,month^-1 to 4 μg.g^-1.month^-1. The highest values of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization occurred on October 15 in control plots. The seasonal changes of soil inorganic nitrogen contents exhibited ＂V＂ shape pattern that was related to seasonal patterns of soil ammonium-N （ascending trend） and nitrate-N transformation （descending trend）.     

科尔沁沙地沙化退化土地的改造与生态恢复利用模式

内蒙古东部的科尔沁沙地及其周围地区 ,由于风蚀沙化、水土流失和次生盐渍化的影响 ,土地生产力很低 ,其中部分土地已丧失了土地生产能力。环境的明显恶化 ,严重制约着当地生产发展和经济发展。本项试验的目的就在于采用绿色工程手段 ,改造退化土地 ,恢复已经沙化或风蚀裸露丧失生产能力的土地 ,建立不同类型退化土地的治理模式     

Production efficiency of loblolly pine and sweetgum in response to four years of intensive management

We tested the hypothesis that productivity of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) stands is dependent not only on leaf area, but also on foliar photosynthetic rate. Effects of irrigation (irrigation treatment), irrigation with a fertilizer solution (fertigation treatment), and fertigation + pest control (loblolly pine only; fertigation + pest control treatment) on leaf physiology and growth were compared with control plots during the third and fourth growing seasons. Complete weed control was maintained on all plots. Aboveground net primary productivity of loblolly pine and sweetgum increased from 16.3 to 40.5 Mg ha(-1) and from 4.2 to 23.9 Mg ha(-1), respectively, in response to the most intensive treatment. Relative to the control treatment, neither fertigation of sweetgum nor fertigation + pest control of loblolly pine had a significant or consistent influence on foliar N concentration, quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, or production efficiency (increment in woody biomass per unit leaf area). Irrigation increased predawn leaf water potential and photosynthesis of loblolly pine, but it had no effect on production efficiency. Leaf area was the predominant determinant of maximum productivity in these rapidly growing plantations.     

川西北高寒沙化草地围栏禁牧时段和恢复过程的耦合机理研究

川西北沙化草地在围栏禁牧生态恢复过程中,土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮变化特征,研究对象为:未修复沙化草地、围栏禁牧生态恢复时间分别为5年、10年的沙化草地,研究其不同围栏禁牧时间沙化草地0～40 cm土层土壤中有机质、全氮、水解性氮的变化.其结果表明,随着围栏禁牧时间的增长,各土层土壤有机质、全氮含量均增加,植被盖度、...     

Responses of plant diversity and species composition to the cessation of fertilization in a sandy grassland

Nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient of net primary production in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, Northeast China. Species richness declined and biomass increased after five consecutive years of nitrogen fertilization of these sandy grasslands （2004-2008）. After fertilization had been stopped for three years （2009-2011）, we surveyed vegetation on previously fertilized plots to quantify changes in commu- nity composition. Respect species richness showed an increasing trend over time since the cessation of fertilization. Respect vegetation height and coverage showed decreasing trends over time since the cessation of fertilization. Species composition changed after fertilization ceased, the dominant species shifting from Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Chenopodium acuminaturn in 2008 to Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Artemisia scoparia in 2011. Dominance of dominant species declined from 66.2% in 2008 to 57.5% in 2011. The importance value of annual plants in the earlier nitrogen addition plots was higher than in control plots, but the differences were not significant in 2011. The importance value of perennial plants differed significantly between treatments from 2009 to 2011. The reversion rate not only differed be- tween community characteristics, but also between functional groups in the same community characteristic. Although the residual effect of nitrogen addition on vegetation was still observed three years after fertilization ceased, the vegetation showed signs of recovery.     

红壤退化地杨梅林土壤对养分补偿的响应

2016年在福建省长汀县河田镇车寮村杨梅园以东魁杨梅(Myrica rubra cv.DongKui)林为试验材料,在了解当地东魁杨梅的栽培情况及对林下土壤养分分析的基础上,开展复合肥、菌肥、磷肥、菌肥+磷肥4种土壤养分补偿试验,分析0～20、20 ～ 40 cm土层对不同土壤养分补偿方式的响应.结果 表明:在pH值响...     

红火蚁营巢对不同生境土壤氮磷钾含量的影响

[目的]土壤大型节肢动物作为生态系统的工程师,能够调控陆地生态系统的养分循环,本研究旨在揭示红火蚁营巢对不同生境土壤氮磷钾养分含量的影响。[方法]于2017年11月和2018年3月,选择云南省昆明市和牟定县林地、荒地及草地3种生境类型为研究样地,比较研究了红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)活动巢和废弃巢土壤氮磷钾养分含量特征。[结果]红火蚁营巢均显著增加了不同生境土壤氮磷钾含量(P<0.01),其中,林地废弃巢中土壤磷和钾含量显著高于活动巢(P<0.05或0.01),草地则是活动巢磷和钾含量显著高于废弃巢(P<0.05或0.01),但林地和草地活动巢和废弃巢中氮含量差异不显著;不同土层氮磷钾含量差异亦不显著;红火蚁营巢均能显著增加壤土和砂土中氮磷钾含量,其中,壤土中磷和钾增加的幅度极显著高于砂土(P<0.01)。[结论]红火蚁营巢均能显著增加林地、荒地和草地中土壤氮磷钾含量,活动巢废弃后,这种影响仍十分显著,壤土中增加幅度高于砂土。     

生态毯覆盖对若尔盖沙化草地土壤环境及植被恢复的影响

为遏制若尔盖草原沙化进一步蔓延,急需开展草地沙化治理模式研究.试验选取若尔盖草原半固定沙地和流动沙地为研究对象,分析了生态毯覆盖对两种沙地类型土壤环境、植物群落盖度和生物量的影响.结果表明:生态毯覆盖1 a后,有效提高了沙地植物群落盖度和生物量,流动沙地中生态毯覆盖的群落盖度和生物量较对照处理的增量高于半固定沙地,半固定沙地生态毯覆盖的群落盖度和生物量分别是对照处理的1.20倍和1.19倍,而流动沙地则分别为对照的4.74倍和2.83倍;生态毯覆盖均降低了两种类型沙地的土壤温度,增加了土壤水分,提高了土壤最大持水量;生态毯覆盖对两种类型沙地土壤电导率的改善效果一致,均比对照高0.01 ms·cm-1;半固定沙地中生态毯覆盖和对照处理的土壤容重相同,流动沙地中生态毯覆盖的土壤容重较对照处理低0.02 g·cm-3;生态毯覆盖初期对流动沙地的恢复效果优于半固定沙地.生态毯覆盖对土壤环境指标的影响均未达到显著水平,可能是由于试验年限较短所致.     

Effects of Fertilization Treatments on Plantation Growth of Triploid Clones in Populus tomentosa

With four clones of triploid Populus tomentosa as materials, the effects of fertilization treatment on growth and physiological characters in terms of leaf nitrogen content, phosphorous content, potassium content, net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate, water utilization efficiency and chlorophyll content have been studied. Compared with the general fertilizer as a control, the long-effect fertilizer, especially for Populus, produce more favorable results, for P. tomentosa on sandy land.     

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus dynamics in a loblolly pine-goat silvopasture system in the Southeast USA

Agroforestry presents an opportunity to increase land productivity and improve cash flow by combining income from crop or animal production and forestry on the same land. In addition, agroforestry offers numerous environmental benefits such as increased diversity of plants and animals, nutrient recycling, erosion control, and carbon (C) sequestration. We investigated the effect of grazing and forage enhancement on total soil C (TSC), soil nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) dynamics in a goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)??loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) silvopasture system on a Kipling silt loam soil (fine, smectitic, thermic, Typic Paleudalfs) at Epes, Alabama from 2006 to 2010. In 2007, the soil in the silvopasture plots was characterized by low pH, low TSC, and was deficient in N and P. Four years after tree thinning and after 3?years of grazing in June 2010, the silvopasture plots still depicted low soil pH (<6) and TSC levels less than 20?g?kg^?1. TSC content in all the silvopasture plots in June 2010 were generally similar to levels obtained after thinning and prior to grazing in May 2007. However, soil disturbance for liming, fertilizer incorporation, and forage planting increased soil N and P levels, but resulted in lower TSC in the enhanced forage plots compared to the other treatments. Grazing increased N and P levels during the study period. Our study suggests that in the long-term, grazing without additional soil management practices can improve soil fertility through nutrient recycling and C sequestration and thereby making the goat-loblolly silvopasture system both environmentally and economically sustainable.