Influence of different dietary calcium levels on the digestibility of Ca, Mg and P in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni)

Calcium and phosphorus are very important minerals in reptile nutrition, but many diets are still not balanced. To achieve optimal growth, including a healthy skeleton and a strong shell, a well-balanced supply with these minerals is prerequisite. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility in Hermann's tortoises of diets with different calcium levels with special emphasis on the digestibility of minerals. Eight adult Hermann's tortoises of the veterinary faculty in Zurich were used. The animals were housed indoors at a mean temperature between 23 degrees C and 26 degrees C. The animals were fed a diet, which consisted of vegetables, herbs and different supplementation of calcium carbonate. Daily faecal samples of all tortoises were collected from day 8 to day 12. A proximate analysis was performed and the HCl-insoluble ash was used as an indigestible natural indicator (marker) for the determination of the apparent digestibility of minerals. The calcium content of the mixed feedstuffs of diet I was 0.64% on a dry matter basis, and the Ca:P ratio in the food was 3:1. In diet II the Ca content was 1.29% on a dry matter basis, and the Ca:P ratio in the food was 6:1. The digestibility of Ca in diet I was 57%. The other examined minerals, Mg and P, had a digestibility of 46% and 58% respectively. In diet II the digestibility of Ca was 79%, of Mg 52% and of P 52%. The results of this study indicated, that higher Ca concentrations in the diet led to an increased apparent digestibility of Ca and Mg.     

不同钙磷水平日粮对钙磷在猪体内代谢的影响

钙和磷对猪来说是2种极其重要的矿物质,具有非常重要的生理功能.钙和磷在日粮中的含量不同会对自身的代谢产生相当大的影响,为进一步了解日粮不同钙、磷水平对钙磷在猪体内代谢的影响,作者将从对钙、磷的吸收,血清中钙、磷的浓度,钙、磷在体内的存留,尿中钙、磷排出量和粪中钙、磷排出量这5个方面的影响来阐述.     

Effects of a dietary chitosan and calcium supplement on Ca and P metabolism in cats

The aim of the present study in cats was to investigate the potential effects of a calcium carbonate and chitosan supplement on blood parameters in aged cats with moderate chronic renal failure and on the mineral balance in adult healthy cats. For the trials, 10 neutered cats 2-4 years of age were fed for 21 days and six neutered cats (2 male and 4 female), 14 years of age, with elevated urea and phosphorus level in the plasma were fed for 35 days with a supplement. The apparent digestibility of phosphorus was (p < 0.05) reduced in the treatment period. Plasma urea inorganic phosphate decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the old cats after 35 days of treatment. The treatment had a significant effect on the phosphorus, gross energy, dry matter, crude ash, crude fiber and crude protein digestibility in adult healthy cats. The practical implication could be an alternative treatment option for cats refusing to ingest veterinary renal diets.     

Feeding phosphorus (P) to cattle: A new basis for Nordic recommendations

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient and significant safety margins have until now been included in both feeding recommendations for cattle and allocation of P in practice. However, there is a need to optimize the utilization of P in cattle and thereby minimize its allocation and excretion. This demands well-defined requirements and availabilities of P in feeds as well as fairly precise use of this knowledge in practice. The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge and to give proposals for feeding phosphorus to cattle in relation to physiological requirement, availability of phosphorus in feeds, and minimal excretion of P. There is scientific and practical basis for a reduction of recommendations and allocation of P to cattle in the Nordic countries. No evidence or indication is found that surplus P relative to physiological requirement is beneficial. Future P feeding recommendations should continuously be based on the factorial method. The quantitatively most important improvement will be the increase and differentiation of the TAC value (true availability coefficient), which can be raised from 0.55 to 0.65 and 0.70 for the most common feeds. However, there is still no basis for a specific TAC for an individual feedstuff. When applying the recommended P allocation, it will be possible to increase the utilization of P in, e.g. high producing dairy cows, to 35–40%.     

Pathophysiology of calcium and phosphorus disorders.

Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are relatively common in periparturient cows. This article reviews the etiologic factors that contribute to the development of these conditions. The physiologic role of magnesium in calcium homeostasis and the physiologic effect of dietary cation-anion difference at the cellular level are discussed in depth. A theory to explain the development of periparturient hypophosphatemia is developed.     

肉鸡腹水症对组织钙磷分布及钙磷利用率的影响

本试验研究了肉鸡腹水症(PHS)对组织钙磷分布及饲料钙磷利用率的影响。120只1日龄艾维茵(AA)肉鸡随机分成2组,即对照组和试验组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验组采用低温(LAT)和饲粮添加三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3,1.5mg/kg)诱导产生腹水症。试验期为21d。试验结果表明:1)14日龄时,试验组肉鸡的心脏、肝脏、十二指肠中钙含量与对照组相比,有增加趋势,胫骨、血清钙有下降趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验组肉鸡的心脏磷含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),十二指肠磷含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲料中钙磷利用率,试验组极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。2)21日龄时,试验组肉鸡的心脏、肝脏中的钙含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。十二指肠、胫骨、血清中的钙含量两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。十二指肠、血清磷含量试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余组织磷含量两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中钙磷利用率,试验组极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。3)血清碱性磷酸酶含量14、21日龄试验组和对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

反刍动物生产中碳、氮、磷、钾的减排问题

近年来,随着我国奶牛养殖数量和规模的不断扩大,大量的粪尿作为肥料被广泛的施用在农田里,奶牛正常的生理活动产生的大量气体(CO2和CH4)也被排放到了空气中,但是反刍动物生产中排放的这些废物却对土壤、空气和水造成了日益严重的污染,其中粪、尿和气体中的碳、氮、磷、钾元素引起的环境污染问题更是不容忽视。本文就以上存在的问题综述了奶牛生产中碳、氮、磷和钾对环境的污染,并从营养和饲养管理上提出相应的减排技术措施。     

Radiophosphorus (32P) treatment of bone marrow disorders in dogs: 11 cases (1970-1987)

Between March 1970 and February 1987, radiophosphorus (32P) was used to treat bone marrow disorders in 6 dogs; 4 had polycythemia vera and 2 had essential thrombocythemia. Activities of 32P given initially ranged from 2.4 to 3.3 mCi/m2. Four dogs responded well to 32P treatment, with gradual resolution of high RBC or platelet counts. Two of these dogs died of intercurrent disease unrelated to their bone marrow disorder, before blood counts could be stabilized. Two dogs did not respond to the initial 32P treatment nor to additional treatments with 32P, and had clinical signs and blood counts stabilized by use of phlebotomy or chemotherapeutic agents. We reviewed and analyzed 5 other cases of bone marrow disorders in dogs treated with 32P and included the findings from their records with the records of our 6 dogs in this retrospective analysis. Of the 8 dogs with polycythemia vera treated with 32P, 5 were given a single treatment that controlled clinical signs and blood counts for the remainder of the follow-up period. Of the 3 dogs treated for thrombocytosis with 32P, 2 had blood counts that responded to a single treatment.     

The calcium and phosphorus requirements of laying hens

Two experiments were carried out with a modern hybrid laying strain to establish the calcium requirement for maximum egg production. The first experiment, with three calcium concentrations of 1.7, 2.8 and 3.9 per cent indicated that with 0.55 Per cent dietary phosphorus the requirement for calcium was between 1.7 per cent and 2.8 per cent. Dietary phosphorus supplements added to the mixed cereal diets containing 0.55 per cent phosphorus were without effect on production or the conclusions reached. In a subsequent experiment with four dietary calcium concentrations between 2.3 and 3.3 per cent there was no significant improvement in egg production above 2.6 per cent calcium.

In both experiments the lower production at the lower levels of calcium concentration was associated with reduced food intake. Measurements made in the first experiment showed an increasing shell thickness round the equator of the egg with increasing dietary calcium. In this experiment also a small practical test concerned with cracking of the egg shell in boiling water, indicated that incidence of cracks did not alter as the laying cycle progressed and that resistance to cracking was greatest at the highest dietary calcium concentration.     

The effect of dietary calcium and phosphorus supplementation in zeolite a treated dry cows on periparturient calcium and phosphorus homeostasis

Previous studies have proved the possibility of preventing parturient hypocalcaemia by zeolite A supplementation during the dry period, and a recent in vitro study has indicated a marked calcium (Ca) as well as phosphorus (P) binding effect of zeolite A in rumen fluid solutions. Because of the connection between the Ca and P homeostatic systems, the preventive effect against parturient hypocalcaemia may arise from zeolite induced decreased availability of dietary Ca as well as P. In the present study, the expected Ca and P binding capacity was challenged by feeding high and low levels of dietary Ca and/or P to zeolite A treated dry cows. Twenty-one pregnant dry cows were assigned to four experimental groups receiving a dry cow ration unsupplemented or supplemented with extra Ca and/or P. During the last 2 weeks of the dry period all cows additionally received 600 g of zeolite A per day. A high level of dietary P prepartum significantly decreased the plasma Ca concentration before as well as immediately after calving (day 0-3). Conversely, the plasma inorganic phosphate concentration was higher among these cows than among cows receiving no supplemental P. The prepartum dietary Ca level significantly affected the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration during zeolite supplementation, whereas the periparturient plasma Ca concentration was apparently not affected by the dietary Ca level. During zeolite A supplementation plasma parathyroid hormone was significantly higher among cows receiving additional P. The urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio was not affected by the prepartal dietary Ca or P level. Serum aluminium (Al) was significantly higher during zeolite A supplementation than during the preceding period, indicating partial destruction of the zeolite in the intestinal tract with subsequent release and absorption of Al. It is suggested that the effect of prepartum zeolite supplementation on the periparturient Ca homeostasis depends on the level of Ca as well as P in the dry cow ration.     

快速测定饲料中钙磷含量的方法

介绍了一种快速测定饲料中钙磷含量的方法,本法所需04型钙磷快速处理仪简单,操作方便,测定结果准确。测得钙含量的RSD0.68%～3.74%,平均回收率97.0%～98.2%,磷含量RSD1.57%～4.17%,平均回收率97.2%～97.9%。     

犬籍注册登记公告(32)

以下犬只已在我会申请犬籍注册并获得“犬籍注册登记证书”:犬名亚龙亚虎罗克红果巴莉迪利大龙泰山大壮乌塔库思巴特路寇老虎圣旦平安皮克黑豹尼玛拉姆大黑黑熊花花拉布贝贝老黑卡卡阿酷小肯佐(小熊)威力黑豹阿尔方斯奇宝路克乌亚哈达露巴琪拉.祺顺拉扣爱蔻.正荣屋西.四季名犬卡恩雅.德派品种德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬哈士奇德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬德国牧羊犬英国斗牛犬藏獒藏獒藏獒黑褐猎浣熊犬藏獒藏獒黑褐猎浣熊犬黑褐猎浣熊犬史宾格犬藏獒史宾格犬藏獒拉布拉多犬哈士…     

低钙磷日粮中添加耐热植酸酶对仔猪钙磷利用的影响

60头杜长大仔猪(9.8±0.1)kg随机分为2个处理,每个处理3个重复.每个重复10头,对照组饲喂含钙0.62%、磷0.49%的基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加500 U/g植酸酶的日粮.试验期为4周,进行饲养试验.在饲养试验结束时分别从各组每个重复栏中选择1头接近其组平均体重的仔猪进行屠宰,取出其掌骨测定相关指标.另外,选取4头体重相似的生长猪(31±0.6)kg按2×2交叉设计进行消化代谢试验,测定两种试验日粮的相关养分利用率.结果表明:(1)植酸酶组仔猪的鲜掌骨重、脱脂干骨重、脱脂干骨灰分含量、脱脂干骨钙含量和脱脂干骨磷含量分别较对照组提高了9%(P＜0.05)、7%、2%、7%(P＜0.05)和6%(P＜0.05);(2)植酸酶日粮的粗蛋白质表现消化率和表观消化能与对照组差异均不显著(P＞0.05),但其钙和磷的表现消化率、钙和磷的存留率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),分别提高了20%、11%、12%和12%.耐热植酸酶在低钙磷日粮中的添加可促进仔猪对钙磷的利用,从而促进仔猪骨骼发育.     

奶牛钙磷代谢的常见问题及其机理

血液中钙和磷水平的稳定对奶牛正常生理功能的发挥具有重要意义。通常机体的调节机制可维持血液中钙和磷浓度的稳定，但在分娩期间奶牛内环境钙磷的稳定容易被破坏。作者针对影响钙磷水平稳定以及导致血钙和血磷浓度降低的可能因素，分析了奶牛钙磷代谢的常见问题及其代谢机理。