调味鱿鱼丝和调味墨鱼丝的制作

调味鱿鱼丝和调味墨鱼丝的制作董安华（上海华菁水产食品厂，２００４３２）概述调味鱿鱼丝和调味墨鱼丝是采用新鲜或冷冻的原料制成丝状的调味干燥食品。在我国，一般把上述两种食品泛称为鱿鱼丝。日本在１９２５年就开始了调味鱿鱼丝的制作。当时在关东、关西地区的酒店...     

鱿鱼丝质构及鲜度指标在加工中的动态变化

本研究分析了鱿鱼丝在加工过程中质构及鲜度指标的变化。以秘鲁鱿鱼为原料,分别在鱿鱼丝加工过程中的原料解冻、排片烘干、浸泡、烘烤、撕丝和干燥等6个重要工序点取样,研究鱿鱼肌肉质构、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)及pH在加工过程中的变化。结果显示,秘鲁鱿鱼的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和胶黏性在烘烤工序之前显著增大(P0.05),然后在撕丝工序有显著下降(P0.05),并趋于平稳;TVBN在排片烘干及浸泡工序后显著降低(P0.05),而在撕丝工序有显著升高(P0.05);pH在原料解冻和排片烘干两个工序中显著降低(P0.05),在后续工序中基本保持稳定。研究表明,鱿鱼丝在加工过程中各质构及鲜度指标有明显的变化,对最终产品质量产生一定影响。本研究为深入优化秘鲁鱿鱼丝加工工艺提供了基础数据。     

紧凑型鱿鱼丝加工机方案设计

为了降低鱿鱼丝加工机的体积、重量和制造成本,运用系统化设计方法进行紧凑型鱿鱼丝加工机方案设计。采用功能原理分析方法,将拉松和切丝功能组合为一体,并设计了合理的传动方案。获得了紧凑型鱿鱼丝加工机总体结构布局方案,并确定了总体参数。样机所占空间比同类机械节约了40%,制造成本降低了30%。经实际加工试验,方案可行。     

介绍秘鲁鱿鱼丝的生产工艺

近来,随着北太平洋鱿鱼产量的直线下降,以其为主要原料的鱿鱼丝生产受到很大冲击,为此各生产单位竞相寻找北太鱿鱼原料的替代品。阿根廷鱿鱼、日本海鱿鱼由于其价格较高,被排除在;以墨西哥鱿鱼作为原料生产的鱿鱼丝,虽然味道稍逊于北太原料生产的鱿鱼丝,但外观却远远好于后者,因此受到各经销商的大力欢迎,但随着买方市场的形成,价格逐渐上升,供应量逐渐下降,满足不了各生产单位的生产需要。于是人们的目光转向了不被当地人看好,资源非常丰富,价格又非常低廉的未开发的秘鲁鱿鱼。秘鲁鱿鱼原料的性质如下:1、原料条重3000g以下的其性能类似于…     

鱿鱼软包装加工工艺初探

因海洋资源的变化，鱿鱼已成为我公司水产品加工的主要原料。鱿鱼的粗蛋白占１６％～２１％，粗脂肪约占１％，是理想的高蛋白、低脂肪的食物来源。鱿鱼的深加工也成为我公司生产经营取得良好经济效益的出路之一。鱿鱼除了被加工成鱿鱼丝外，最近我们又开发研制了鱿鱼软包装产品，以丰富市场，满足人们日益改善的生活需要。 工艺流程及操作要点 冻鱿鱼→解冻→预处理煮烫→冷却→划刀→调味→渗透→烘干→称量→装袋→封口→杀菌→检验→成品 １．冻鱿鱼：采用条重小于２００ｇ的阿根廷鱿鱼。要求鲜度良好，无异味。 ２．解冻：在解冻池内解…     

鱿鱼丝干制品脂肪酸的研究

对北太平洋的太平洋褶柔鱼为原料制成的鱿鱼丝干制品的脂肪酸进行组成及变化研究,在夏季其不饱和脂肪酸氧化极快。用保鲜技术对鱿鱼丝进行处理,变色速率下降,且其不饱和脂肪酸含量变化减慢,因而认为鱿鱼丝变色与脂肪酸含量及组成有关,并提出降低其氧化速率的途径和参考方法。     

珍味鱿鱼丝加工工艺

“珍味鱿鱼丝”是国内外市场畅销产品,而我国每年的小墨鱼、小鱿鱼产量较高,但多是加工成冻品或生干品,产品增值不高。国内的鱿鱼、墨鱼深加工方法不多,虽有少数厂家有试产开发该产品,但在外观色泽、肉质柔软度等质量方面都有待提高。国内沿海一带有很多生产“美味烤鱼片”的厂家,其生产设备可以用来生产“珍味鱿鱼丝”,目前马面鱼资源减少,如能利用其空闲的设备加工“珍味鱿鱼丝”,其产品价格将会大大低于进口产品的价格,满足更多消费者的需要。 本文主要是介绍解决“珍味鱿鱼丝”外观色泽、柔软度、保质期等质量问题,及利用生产“美味烤鱼片”的设备来加工“珍味鱿鱼丝”的工艺。     

龙口鱿鱼丝发展迅速,上半年出口4200多吨

近年来，山东龙口市鱿鱼丝出口发展迅速，仅今年上半年即出口4200多吨，近三年，累计出口鱿鱼丝11400多吨，创汇5000多万美元，成为成口地区出口数量最多、创汇最高的拳头鱼类产品。     

珍味鱿鱼丝的工艺条件探讨

鱿鱼丝是近年来急速发展起来的一种珍味水产加工食品。按传统的加工方法,鱿鱼丝的加工是以鱿鱼干品为原料,经脱皮、浸泡、调味、焙烧、伸展及切丝等工序而成。但是,以鱿鱼干为原料生产的鱿鱼丝外观色泽较差、产品质地较硬、营养成分损失也比较多。近年来,随着人民生活水平的提高,消费者更加追求食品的营养性、安全性,消费形态也逐步向高级化、多样化发展。因此,将传统的二次加工方法改为一次性加工新     

无防腐剂鱿鱼丝生产技术研究

鱿鱼属柔鱼类，其肌肉结构与其他鱼类不同，加热后肌肉组织紧密、纤维性强且韧性好，特别适合加工成鱿鱼丝。为了保存鱿鱼丝，当前企业一般都添加少量防腐剂。随着人们饮食习惯的改变和生活质量的提高，食品安全正日益成为世界各国普遍关注的热点问题，无公害、纯绿色、有机食品将越来越受到人们的重视.     

Essentiality of Dietary n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Juvenile Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

This study was conducted to confirm the essentiality of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, liver, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder. Three replicate groups of fish (average weighing 3.0 g) were fed experimental diets containing lauric acid ethyl ester, soybean oil, soybean and linseed oils mixture, and squid liver oil as lipid sources for 13 wk. No significant difference was observed in survival among all groups ( P >0.05). Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the squid liver oil diet containing high n-3 HUFA level were significantly higher than those of fish fed the other diets ( P 0.05). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of liver polar and neutral lipid fractions in fish fed the diet containing lauric acid tended to increase compared to those of the other groups. Fish fed the diets containing soybean and/or linseed oils, which contained high contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, respectively, showed the highest contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in both lipid fractions of the liver ( P 0.05). Significantly higher content of n-3 HUFA was observed in both lipid fractions of the liver from fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil than for fish fed the other diets ( P 0.05). Total cholesterol, glucose, and glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase in plasma were significantly affected by dietary lipids ( P 0.05). Histologically, the liver of fish fed the diet containing squid liver oil had a clear distinction between nuclear and cytoplasm membranes; however, cytoplasm of fish fed the diets containing lauric acid and soybean oil was shrunken, and the hepatic cell outline was indistinguishable. It is concluded that the dietary n-3 HUFA is essential for normal growth, and that the dietary lipid sources affect growth performance, liver cell property, and blood chemistry in juvenile Japanese flounder.     

Effects of two diets on lipid composition and reproductive performance of brill (Scophthalmus rhombus) eggs

The effects of two diets with different lipid composition (squid Loligo gahi and one commercial pellet for breeders) on reproductive performance and egg lipid composition of brill (Scophthalmus rhombus) were compared. A total of 36 adult brill weighing 1482 ± 432 g were randomly distributed in the experimental tanks. A flow‐through system composed of four tanks with 4.2 m² of bottom area (5.0 m³ × 1.2 m water depth) was used. The experiment lasted for approximately 5 months (168 days). From the four mature females fed squid, three ovulated. Five females fed pellets matured and ovulated. Total ovulations were of 10 and 44, by the three females fed squid and the five ovulating female fed pellets respectively. Egg viability was higher, although not significantly, for females fed pellets. This indicates that pellets could be a better food for breeding females. In general, the egg total lipid content and the lipid classes composition did not seem to be affected by diet. In contrast, results indicate that not only diets but also individual females, regardless of the diet consumed, are determinant for egg fatty acid composition, clearly modulating their composition.     

鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的提取工艺优化研究

通过单因素和正交试验研究了鱿鱼精巢提取鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的优化工艺,并对优化工艺提取的鱿鱼鱼精蛋白进行了分析.结果表明,最佳提取工艺为硫酸浓度0.3M、硫酸用量为3倍、提取次数2次、冷乙醇用量为3倍;该条件下,鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的得率为3.42％,蛋白质含量达93％,且氨基酸组成齐全,碱性氨基酸占26.20％,其中精氨酸占9.61％,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳结果分析表明其组成成分比较复杂.     

Quantitative requirement of Penaeus kerathurus for a natural unprocessed diet

Juvenile Penaeus kerathurus (average weight = 0.64 g) were fed three different daily amounts (40%, 60% and 100% of biomass) of an unprocessed and unsupplemented diet composed of 43% anchovy, 33% shrimp head and 24% squid, whose suitability for P. kerathurus had been previously assessed. The experiment was performed with an animal density of 30/m² at 23° C for a period of 180 days. From the results obtained, it is concluded that, of the three feeding rates employed, 100% of biomass was suitable for animals weighing 0.64–1.8 g. For animals 1.8–4.3 g a feeding rate of 60% was appropriate, while a reduction to 40% seemed satisfactory for animals over 4.3 g in this experiment.     

中国鱿鱼钓机装备研究现状及展望

鱿鱼钓机是远洋鱿钓渔业的重要生产工具。目前鱿鱼钓机装备发展面临的主要问题是机钓产量低。本文介绍了我国鱿鱼钓机装备的研究现状,对钓机运转速度、作业水深控制、抖动模式设置及结构设计等方面的研究趋势进行了探讨。最后,提出了我国鱿鱼钓机发展对策,研究指出需重点解决钓机结构优化设计、控制系统性能优化、运行参数优化等问题,为远洋鱿钓渔业的可持续发展提供参考依据。     

The effect of lunar cycle,tidal condition and wind direction on the catches and profitability of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus jigging and trap-net fishing

Jigging with artificial lights (squid jigging) and deploying of large scale trap-net (also known as a set-net in Japan), are the major methods to capture Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus in western Japan. Squid jigging is a highly selective fishing method. However, it consumes large amount of energy for steaming to the fishing ground and for lighting. In contrast, trap-net fishing requires substantially less energy but its capture efficiency is strongly influenced by its stationary mode of capture. The primary objective of this study was to analyze how various environmental and biological factors such as the lunar cycle, tidal condition, wind direction and squid abundance affect the capture efficiency of squid jigging and trap-net fishing. We analyzed the effect of these factors on squid catch in five Fisheries Cooperative Associations located on four islands in Nagasaki Prefecture, western Japan. Our analysis shows that squid catch in jigging and trap-net fishing is mainly influenced by the lunar cycle but also tide and wind direction play a marked role. In addition, squid abundance significantly affects the catches in trap-net fishing. Recommendations are made to improve the overall profitability of squid fishing by proper choice of the capture method, location and season.     

Oxidative stability of lipids from squid tissues

ABSTRACT: Oxidative stability of lipids from squid tissues was compared with those of other marine lipids. On the basis of peroxide formation, total lipids (TL) from squid viscera or squid muscle with skin were most oxidatively stable, followed by squid eye TL, trout egg TL, bonito oil, and tuna orbital TL, respectively. This tendency in oxidative stabilities was also confirmed by the decrease in unoxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids during oxidation. Analyses of tocopherol contents and lipid compositions suggested that the higher oxidative stabilities of three kinds of squid tissue TL and trout egg TL compared to those of bonito oil and tuna orbital TL would be mainly because of the presence of phospholipids (PL) in squid tissue lipids and trout egg TL. However, the oxidative stability of lipids containing PL did not always decrease with increasing PL contents and stability was strongly influenced by PL composition. As squid viscera contained more than 25% of TL and these lipids were oxidatively stable, squid viscera may be used as a good resource of functional lipids rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.     

国外鱿鱼钓机的开发与应用

鱿鱼钓机是远洋鱿钓渔业中降低劳动强度、提高生产效率实现渔业现代化的重要生产工具。本文概述了鱿鱼钓机系统发展历程中的3种主要类型:机械控制型、基本电控型和电脑控制型。分析了国外鱿鱼钓机装备的研究与应用情况,对几种主流鱿鱼钓机型式的性能水平进行了对比。针对国内鱿钓渔业中机钓产量低的现状,提出鱿鱼钓机的研究方向主要为降低脱钩率和优化抖动模式。本文可以为研制优质高效的国产化鱿鱼钓机提供参考。     

鱿鱼加工副产物综合利用研究进展

综述了近年来国内外利用鱿鱼皮、内脏、软骨、墨汁、鱼眼、精巢等副产物为原料开发胶原蛋白、鱼油、核酸、酶、软骨素、透明质酸、鱼精蛋白等一系列生化制品的研发状况,展望了几种鱿鱼副产物的应用前景和发展趋势.     

Effects of Freshness and Heating Temperature on the Discoloration of Squid Meat Products

ABSTRACT

Squid processed products such as dried-seasoned squid turn brown during storage, causing a change in quality. The main cause of this browning is melanoidin produced by the Maillard reaction. In this study, four types of squid were processed at different heating temperatures between 50 and 90°C and examined for suppression of the production of D-ribose, the main component of melanoidin. Furthermore, the color change of the squid meat with each heat treatment during storage of 32 days at 30°C was investigated. Bigfin reef squid and cuttlefish with a relatively high freshness decreased D-ribose generation as the heating temperature increased, and the browning during storage also decreased accordingly. In contrast, Humboldt squid with a low freshness did not generate new D-ribose at any heating temperature during storage. Nevertheless, the browning was reduced as the heating temperature increased. It is thought that the Maillard reaction was also reduced by the heat denaturation of muscular proteins. These results suggest that browning due to the Maillard reaction of squid meat is greatly affected by initial freshness and heating temperature.