应用Dot－ELISA快速检测传染性法氏囊病病毒

本文成功建立了斑点酶联免疫吸附试验（Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ），应用于传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）的快速检测。该方法操作简便快速、特异性好、灵敏度高。同时对深圳某鸡场发生ＩＢＤ病料进行了病毒分离，用Ｄｏｒ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测接种鸡胚的绒毛尿囊膜裂解上清呈强阳性反应。     

ELISA检测鸡传染性囊病抗体方法的研究及应用I．IBD－ELISA检测抗体方法的建立

ＥＬＩＳＡ检测鸡传染性囊病抗体方法的研究及应用Ｉ．ＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗体方法的建立张晨生，郑海发（北京市兽医实验诊断所１００１０１）本试验目的在于建立ＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法与计算机联用作到快速、敏感、准确、特异，适用大量检测样品。作者在抗原包被、...     

5种消毒药对鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒的杀灭效果试验

用市售的腆类化合物、氯制剂、双季铵盐类化合物、酚类制剂和醛类制剂与鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）相混合，在４℃和３０℃作用２４ｈ，用１０００ＩＤ５０的剂量作用后的病毒液感染２３日龄健康ＡＡ鸡。感染后７２ｈ扑杀试验鸡，取期腔上囊，用ＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ快速诊断盒检测ＩＢＤＶ抗原，仍呈阳性反应；用３ｍＬ／Ｌ的甲醛溶液与ＩＢＤＶ病毒液混合，在３７℃作用２４、３６和４８ｈ后，按以上剂量感染鸡，感染后７２ｈ扑杀，取其腔上囊，用ＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ快速诊断盒 检测ＩＢＤＶ抗原，全部呈阴性。     

马立克氏病病毒囊膜糖蛋白B抗原I型特异性和群共同性决定簇的…

用能表达马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）糖蛋白Ｂ（ｇＢ）的重组杆状病毒感染的Ｓｆ９细胞免疫小鼠，制备针对ＭＤＶｇＢ的单克隆抗体，以Ｉ型马立克氏病病毒ＧＡ株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞作为检测抗原，同时以免疫荧光试验（ＩＦＡ）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）来筛选杂交瘤细胞，结果获得了ＩＦＡ和ＥＬＩＳＡ均为阳性的１株单克隆抗体细胞株，定义名ＢＡ４和ＢＤ８。在ＩＦＡ和免疫沉淀试验中，单抗ＢＤ８与Ｉ，ⅡⅢ型ＭＤＶ均呈阳     

IBDV逆转录—聚合酶链反应和核酸杂交检测方法的研究

以建立的传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）和核酸杂交检测方法，检测了细胞培养物、病理组织、粪便和饲料中的ＩＢＤＶ，并与ＩＢＤＶ夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ、琼脂扩散试验（ＩＤ）和病毒分离方法进行了平行比较试验。结果表明，ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和核酸杂交检测方法具有高度的敏感性和特异性，是深入研究ＩＢＤ流行病学，特别是传播途径的新手段     

马立克氏病病毒囊膜糖蛋白B抗原Ⅰ型特异性和群共同性决定簇的单克隆抗体

用能表达马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）糖蛋白Ｂ（ｇＢ）的重组杆状病毒感染的Ｓｆ９细胞免疫小鼠，制备针对ＭＤＶｇＢ的单克隆抗体。以Ⅰ型马立克氏病病毒ＧＡ株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞作为检测抗原，同时以免疫荧光试验（ＩＦＡ）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）来筛选杂交瘤细胞，结果获得了ＩＦＡ和ＥＬＩＳＡ均为阳性的２株单克隆抗体细胞株，定名为ＢＡ４和ＢＤ８。在ＩＦＡ和免疫沉淀试验中，单抗ＢＤ８与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型ＭＤＶ均呈阳性反应；单抗ＢＡ４只对Ⅰ型ＭＤＶ（包括ＣＶＩ９８８疫苗株）呈阳性反应。免疫沉淀反应进一步确证２株单抗识别的是ＭＤＶ糖蛋白Ｂ抗原。     

Ab─ELISA和Ag─ELISA诊断骆驼伊氏锥虫感染的比较

采用四种方法：即①单克隆抗体检测抗原的酶联免疫吸附试验（Ａｇ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）②检测抗体的酶联免疫吸附试验（Ａｂ－ＥＵＳＡ）③表膜检查（ＢＣＥ）④小白鼠接种（ＭＩ），检查了肯尼亚１８３头骆驼锥虫的循环抗原，ＢＣＥ查出３７头阳性２０％），ＭＩ６０头阳性（３３％），Ａｇ－ＥＬＩＳＡ６３头阳性（３４％），Ａｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检出９０头阳性（４９％）。其中ＢＣＥ未能检出的２４头中，Ａｇ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检出１８头（７５％）。所有阳性头数中，Ａｇ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检出９３％，Ａｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡ９５％。根据５５头的结果，阳性与阴性之间Ａｇ－ＥＬＩＳＡＯＤ值差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０００１），Ａｂ－ＥＬＩＳＡＯＤ值差异不显著。因此，用Ａｇ－ＥＬＩＳＡ或结合ＢＣＥ诊断伊氏锥虫感染比用ＡＢ－ＥＬＩＳＡ更理想。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病诊断试剂盒的研制

彩鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病毒（ＩＢＤＶ－２５１２）研制了检测ＩＢＤＶ抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒。抗原最佳包被浓度为５．１２μｇ／ｍｌ，被检血清最佳稀释度为１：２００，酶标结合物最佳工作浓度１：１０００。本试剂盒与美国ＫＰＩＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒比较，结果敏感性、特异性、重复性均达到美国同类产品水平，且易于操作，在４℃可稳定保存６个月。对北京地区４个非免疫鸡群的１０３只鸡测得其阳性率为５４％，对４     

抗鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒单克隆抗体中和株的建立

将纯化的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）组织毒免疫的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠脾细胞与ＳＰ２／０骨髓瘤细胞融合，用ＥＬＩＳＡ，病毒中和试验检测分泌抗体，获得了６株稳定分泌抗ＩＢＤＶ单隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞，命名为ＮＩＢ－１，ＮＩＢ－２，ＮＩＢ－３，ＮＩＢ－４，ＮＩＢ－５，ＮＩＢ－６；６株ＭＣＡｂ均具ＥＬＩＳＡ特性和免疫沉淀特性，亚类鉴定表明，前４株属于ＩｇＧ２ａ，后２株属于ＩｇＧ１。杂交瘤细胞冻存６个月后复苏，均     

鸡传染性法氏囊病诊断试剂盒的研制

采用鸡传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病毒（ＩＢＤＶ－２５１２）研制了检测ＩＢＯＶ抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒。抗原最佳包被浓度为５．１２μｇ／ｍｌ，被检血清最佳稀释度为１：２００，酶标结合物最佳工作浓度１：１０００．本试剂盒与美国ＫＰＩＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂盒比较，结果敏感性、特异性、重复性均达到美国同类产品水平，且易于操作．在４℃可稳定保存６个月、对北京地区４个非免疫鸡群的１０３只鸡测得其阳性率为５４％，对４５只ＳＰＦ鸡的阳性率为０％。     

试纸探针条检测鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗中病毒含量的试验

试纸探针条可识别市售的国产或进口鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）代表性疫苗毒株及其鸡胚培养毒或细胞培养或其接种鸡的囊毒，并可检出经甲醛灭活的IBD标准强毒、田野囊毒、鸡胚培养毒或细胞培养毒。活的或灭活待检疫苗水溶液中IBDV的含量越高，试纸探针条上阳性线显现越快、颜色越深且明显；在30分钟的结果观察时间内，该条可检出每0.1mL样品中800ELD50或10^7.0TCID50的病毒含量，该条检测灭活IBDV的效价是AGP测定效价的32倍以上，试纸探针条为估价疫苗中IBDV的含量或疫苗质量提供了一条简便、快速、经济的新途径。     

Efficacy of a novel in ovo-attenuated live vaccine and recombinant vaccine against a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in chickens

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) causes severe economic damage to the poultry industry worldwide. To prevent IBD virus (IBDV) infection, live virus vaccines have been widely used in chickens having wide-ranging levels of maternally derived antibodies. But, the risks of infection with other pathogens because of lesions related to atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius in vaccinated chickens are a concern. To resolve the problems, a recombinant turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine expressing IBDV-VP2 protein (rHVT-IBD) has been developed. However, the induction of neutralizing antibodies by rHVT-IBD against a virulent IBDV might be delayed compared with that by the live IBD vaccine, leading to the high risks of IBDV infection for young chickens. To find the best selection of IBDV vaccine for the onset of immunity, we examine the protective efficacy of a novel in ovo-attenuated live IBDV (IBD-CA) vaccine and the rHVT-IBD vaccine in young chickens challenged with a very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strain. We show that the protective efficacy of IBD-CA vaccine was higher than that of the rHVT-IBD vaccine in 14-day-old chickens challenged with the vvIBDV strain, leading to the risk of IBDV infection for young chickens when vaccinated with rHVT-IBD. Our results suggest that farmers should select the best vaccines to maximize vaccine efficacy in consideration of the vaccine characteristics, prevalence levels of IBDV in the areas, and initial MDA levels of the chickens since the attenuated live and recombinant vaccines play a role in the different vaccine efficacies.     

Inclusion body hepatitis as a primary disease in broilers in Saskatchewan, Canada

In recent years inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) has emerged as an economically important disease in Western Canada. Historically, infections with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) have been known to suppress the immune system of broilers and make them more susceptible to a secondary disease such as IBH. Recently it has been reported that virulent adenoviruses are able to cause IBH as a primary disease in broilers without apparent involvement of IBDV and CAV. The objectives of this study were to examine the possible association of IBH with IBDV and CAV infections in Western Canada and to identify adenoviruses involved in outbreaks. Serum samples from 17 broiler-breeder flocks and their progeny were collected when broilers were hatched and then again from broilers at the time of slaughter, and these samples were tested for IBDV and CAV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Based on the ELISA titers the antibody response to vaccination against IBDV and CAV was at an expected level in all broiler flocks. Therefore, IBH outbreaks in these flocks were not due to inadequate levels of antibodies against IBDV and CAV. Moreover, there was no correlation found between occurrences of IBH outbreaks in broilers and their IBDV or CAV titers at the time of processing. Viruses that were isolated from livers of birds suffering from IBH could be classified into four different genotypes. Their hexon gene loop 1 sequences showed high percentages of identity to FAdV-7, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11. The results of this study could not demonstrate an association of IBH with IBDV and CAV infections, but they supported the hypothesis that IBH in broilers in Western Canada is a primary disease with no apparent immunosuppressive involvement.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒Vero细胞培养条件优化的研究

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上增殖条件的优化研究结果表明，ＩＢＤＶ在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上敏感性有所提高；降低轿清含量，中性ｐＨ环境，适当高的细胞密度有利于ＩＢＤＶ的增殖。     

Proventriculitis in broiler chickens: effects of immunosuppression

Proventriculitis in broilers causes carcass condemnation when swollen proventriculi tear during evisceration. The cause of this proventriculitis is unknown, but several infectious agents have been associated with it. One such agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), has been implicated as a cause of proventriculitis, but a direct effect of this virus on the proventriculus has not been proven. The role of IBDV in proventriculitis may be indirect as a result of its ability to cause immunosuppression. The objective of this study was to understand how immunosuppression affects the incidence of proventriculitis in broiler chickens. Immunosuppression was induced in commercial and specific-pathogen-free broiler chickens using chemicals (cyclophosphamide and cyclosporin) or virus (IBDV). All groups were then exposed to a proventricular homogenate produced from diseased birds. At 7 and 14 days postinoculation, the incidence of proventriculitis in these groups was compared to that produced by homogenate exposure in immunocompetent broilers. All birds exposed to the proventricular homogenate from diseased birds developed proventriculitis. Cyclophosphamide and IBDV, both B cell suppressors, did not significantly affect the incidence or characteristics of the proventriculitis observed, although they did have an effect on the size of the proventriculus at 7 days postinoculation. Chickens immunosuppressed with cyclosporin, a T cell suppressor, developed more severe lesions and had a higher incidence of proventriculitis. These findings indicate that both B and T cells are involved in the immune response against proventriculitis, but cell-mediated immunity appears to have a more important role in controlling the disease. IBDV affects both humoral and cellular immunity in the chicken, so although under experimental conditions it didn't have a major effect on proventriculitis, it may explain why control of IBDV in the field seems to reduce the incidence of proventriculitis.     

新型传染性法氏囊病疫苗研究进展

传染性法氏囊病（IBD ）病毒变异株及超强毒株的频频出现使IBD 常规疫苗的免疫失败不断发生。因此,发展更为有效、安全的新型疫苗己成为迫切需要。本文就近年来新型传染性法氏囊病疫苗研究进展作以综述。