不同柑橘砧木对锦橙果实品质的影响

 2006—2008年连续3年研究11种砧木对铜水72-1锦橙果实品质的影响。结果表明：不同砧木对果实颜色和内在品质均有影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实亮度最好,黄色度值最高,果实最大,果皮最薄;以路比枳为砧的果实红色度值和固酸比（TSS/TA）最高,果皮最厚;以沃尔卡姆为砧的亮度最差,黄色度值、单果质量和可食率最低,中心柱最小;以C35枳橙为砧的中心柱最大且维生素C含量最低;以光皮酸橙为砧的果实红色度最低而可食率最高;以里其16-6枳为砧的果实可溶性固形物（TSS）含量最高;以孙楚沙橘为砧的果实可滴定酸（TA）和维生素C含量最高,而TSS/TA最低;果实TSS和TA最低的砧木为枸头橙。品质综合评价,性状表现较好的为孙楚沙橘、卡里佐枳橙和C35枳橙,而表现较差的为兰普莱檬和沃尔卡姆柠檬。     

温州蜜柑TSS与糖、酸等含量的相关性研究

柑橘的可溶性固形物含量(Total Soluble Solid,TSS)是指柑橘汁液中溶质的质量百分比含量,主要由可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C等组成,是决定柑橘果实品质的重要指标[1]。实验室中测定柑橘的总糖、蔗糖、还原糖、总酸和维生素C含量一般采用国标法--均为化学分析法。化学分析法的     

黄龙病对蕉柑果实品质影响的研究

在广东省潮州市饶平县钱东镇同一果园,采摘蕉柑Citrus tankan健康果实和感染黄龙病的果实进行品质测定,对比分析健康果和病果外观、内质、感官品质的差异。结果表明,健康果和病果在单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、着色指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、固酸比及各项感官品质上的差异存在极显著性(P0.01),在果汁率、可食率和果皮率(果皮质量/果实质量)上的差异存在显著性(P0.05),其余品质指标差异不显著。     

早熟灵和生物肥对提高温州蜜柑产量和品质的效应

施用早熟灵或生物肥均能增加温州蜜柑产量、提高果实总糖及维生素c含量、降低果实可溶性固形物及总酸含量，二者配合施用效果更好。对果形及果皮厚度无明显影响。单独施用早熟灵会降低果实可食率。     

红玛瑙甜樱桃果实发育过程中品质指标的动态变化北大核心

为探索甜樱桃果实发育过程中品质指标的动态变化,以红玛瑙甜樱桃为试材,测定分析了甜樱桃果实发育过程中单果重、果实纵横侧径、果核重、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量等指标的动态变化,并进行了各指标的相关性分析。结果表明:红玛瑙甜樱桃果实的生长发育呈快—慢—快的趋势;果实发育过程中单果重、果实纵横侧径、可食率、可溶性固形物含量和固酸比均呈持续增加趋势,果实成熟时达到最大;可滴定酸含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,在转色期达到最大值;维生素C含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,在转色期降至最小值。相关性分析结果表明,单果重与可食率、单果重与可溶性固形物含量、可溶性固形物含量与固酸比均呈显著正相关,可滴定酸含量与维生素C含量呈显著负相关。     

不同大小的刺梨果实品质特征及重要指标间的相关性

为确定刺梨产品加工中原料鲜果的质量分级依据,以贵州6个县(区)种植的4~5年生"贵农5号"刺梨果实为研究对象,测定不同大小等级的果实品质,分析品质指标间的差异性及相关性。结果表明,刺梨果实的品质特征是,中小型果的可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C和总黄酮含量较大果高,而种子数、出汁率、可食率和含酸量较大果低。果实大小与种子数、出汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量呈极显著负相关,可溶性总糖和可滴定酸的含量与维生素C含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,可溶性固形物与维生素C含量不相关;可溶性固形物与总黄酮含量呈显著正相关;可溶性总糖、可滴定酸与总黄酮含量呈极显著负相关。刺梨的中、小型果实是产品加工的优质原料鲜果,在刺梨果实质量分级中不宜仅以果实大小作为判定质量高低的指标。     

5种砧木对“华农本地早”桔和“国庆1号”温州蜜柑营养生长及果实品质的影响北大核心

在武汉地区,对枳、枳橙、枳柚、资阳香橙和红桔砧“华农本地早”桔和“国庆1号”温州蜜柑的树冠体积、砧穗亲和性等营养生长参数,以及果汁可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、固酸比(TSS/TA)等果实品质指标进行了测定和评价。结果表明,砧木对“华农本地早”和“国庆1号”营养生长及果实品质的影响显著。枳柚砧和红桔砧嫁接树的树势较强,“华农本地早”与枳柚砧的亲和性及“国庆1号”与红桔砧的亲和性较差;资阳香橙砧和枳橙砧嫁接树的树势居中,砧穗亲和性较好;枳砧嫁接树的树势较弱,砧穗亲和性一般。枳砧和枳橙砧“国庆1号”和“华农本地早”的TSS高,TA居中,TSS/TA高。资阳香橙砧“华农本地早”的TSS较低,TA偏低,TSS/TA较高;资阳香橙砧“国庆1号”的TSS较低,TA较高,TSS/TA低。红桔砧“华农本地早”和“国庆1号”TSS偏低,TA也低,TSS/TA较高。枳柚砧“华农本地早”和“国庆1号”TSS较低,TA高,TSS/TA偏低。从树体矮化或树势中庸化作用、嫁接亲和性及果实品质等综合表现来看,与枳柚和红桔相比,枳、枳橙和资阳香橙是武汉地区宽皮柑桔的适宜砧木。     

温州蜜柑花矿质元素含量与果实品质关系的研究

在宜昌市夷陵区选77个有代表性的温州蜜柑果园定株取样,测定花中10种矿质元素含量和成熟果实品质,分析花中各矿质元素含量与果实品质各指标间的关系,探讨花营养诊断预测果实品质的可行性。结果表明,花中N、P、Mg含量为弱变异(变异系数≤10%),K、Fe、Cu、B含量为中变异(10%变异系数≤20%),Ca、Mn、Zn含量为强变异(变异系数20%)。花中P、Ca、B含量分别与果实可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量呈极显著或显著负相关,分别与果实固酸比和可食率呈极显著或显著正相关,P含量还与果实维生素C含量呈显著负相关;Mn与果实可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关,与可食率呈显著负相关;N含量与果实可溶性固形物含量呈显著正相关;K含量与果实可溶性固形物含量呈显著负相关;Fe含量与果实可滴定酸含量呈显著负相关。花营养诊断可预测果实品质,根据花营养诊断实施适当的中期管理可提高果实品质。     

几种砧木对哈姆林甜橙植株生长、产量及果实品质的影响

以7种不同砧木的8年生哈姆林甜橙为试材,对植株营养生长、产量和果实品质进行了比较。结果表明,不同砧木对哈姆林甜橙生长和产量有不同影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的植株树冠体积最大,以光皮酸橘、枸头橙和李齐16-6枳为砧的植株树冠体积较小,单位树冠体积产量以光皮酸橘为砧的植株最高,单株挂果数则以李齐16-6枳和卡里佐枳橙为砧的最多。不同砧木对果实品质有显著影响,其中以光皮酸橘为砧的果实体积和单果质量最大,以兰普来檬为砧的果汁含量最高,以李齐16-6枳和卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量最高,以李齐16-6枳为砧的果实可滴定酸含量亦最高,而李齐16-6枳和兰普来檬为砧的果实维生素C含量最高。从外观品质看,枸头橙为砧的果实油斑病发生程度最高。综合评价认为,以卡里佐枳橙、李齐16-6枳为砧的单株具产量高、果汁TSS含量高和风味浓郁等优点,是哈姆林甜橙较为理想的砧木。     

5种砧木对“华农本地早”桔和“国庆1号”温州蜜柑营养生长及果实品质的影响

在武汉地区,对枳、枳橙、枳柚、资阳香橙和红桔砧"华农本地早"桔和"国庆1号"温州蜜柑的树冠体积、砧穗亲和性等营养生长参数,以及果汁可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、固酸比(TSS/TA)等果实品质指标进行了测定和评价。结果表明,砧木对"华农本地早"和"国庆1号"营养生长及果实品质的影响显著。枳柚砧和红桔砧嫁接树的树势较强,"华农本地早"与枳柚砧的亲和性及"国庆1号"与红桔砧的亲和性较差;资阳香橙砧和枳橙砧嫁接树的树势居中,砧穗亲和性较好;枳砧嫁接树的树势较弱,砧穗亲和性一般。枳砧和枳橙砧"国庆1号"和"华农本地早"的TSS高,TA居中,TSS/TA高。资阳香橙砧"华农本地早"的TSS较低,TA偏低,TSS/TA较高;资阳香橙砧"国庆1号"的TSS较低,TA较高,TSS/TA低。红桔砧"华农本地早"和"国庆1号"TSS偏低,TA也低,TSS/TA较高。枳柚砧"华农本地早"和"国庆1号"TSS较低,TA高,TSS/TA偏低。从树体矮化或树势中庸化作用、嫁接亲和性及果实品质等综合表现来看,与枳柚和红桔相比,枳、枳橙和资阳香橙是武汉地区宽皮柑桔的适宜砧木。     

海红果冻藏品质分析

以海红果特优品种"晋海1号"及内蒙古清水河县的2个实生品种为试材,通过测定可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比、出汁率以及果实硬度,研究了不同解冻方式、冻藏时间以及冻藏过程中的解冻次数对海红果品质的影响,以期为海红果冻果加工工艺的提升提供参考依据。结果表明:2种实生海红果的可溶性固形物含量高于"晋海1号",出汁率低于"晋海1号";随着冻藏时间延长,3种海红果的出汁率均逐渐升高;经水浴解冻海红果的可溶性固形物含量低于微波解冻和空气解冻;可溶性固形物含量随着解冻次数增加逐渐降低;与未经解冻海红果相比,经解冻海红果的出汁率显著提高。     

琼中绿橙果实品质分析

对海南省琼中县不同地区绿橙的果实外观性状及营养成分等主要品质进行分析。结果表明,琼中绿橙果实圆形,果形指数为0.98;果皮厚度为3.05mm,果皮绿色;单果囊瓣数11.03瓣,果重为171.27g,种子数为14.31粒,种子重2.58g,出汁率56.4%;可溶性固形物为10.89%,可滴定酸为0.55%,固酸比为20.24,Vc含量为47.33mg/100g。这些分析旨在为琼中绿橙品质选育和优质栽培提供一定的参考。     

GA3和CPPU对猕猴桃果实发育及品质的影响

以海沃德猕猴桃为试材,探讨了不同浓度的GA3和CPPU对果实生长发育及果形指数、单果重、可溶性固形物、总糖、有机酸和Vc含量的影响.结果表明,GA3处理的果实生长曲线为双S型,CPPU处理的果实生长曲线为单S型;GA3能提高果实果形指数、可溶性固形物、总糖和有机酸含量,但使Vc含量降低;CPPU能显著增加果实的单果重,但降低果形指数、可溶性固形物、总糖和有机酸含量.     

Comparison of changes in sugars and ethylene production of cherimoya fruit grown at different seasons

Summary

Changes in fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), sugar content and postharvest ethylene production during fruit development were compared on fruit of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill., cv. Big Sister) pollinated at different times (early, at the beginning of April, 1995 and late, at the end of May, 1994). Fruit weight increased by growth, independently of pollination times. Changes in TSS and sugar content were strongly affected by pollination time. In late pollinated fruits, both TSS and sugar content increased during the growth period, 110–160 d after pollination, while neither increased with fruit growth in early pollinated fruit. Moreover, changes in TSS and sugar content after ripening depended not only on pollination time but also on the growth period. With late pollination, fruit harvested after 140 d became edible after ripening. The TSS and total sugar contents, (the sum of fructose, glucose and sucrose contents) increased to about 20° Brix and above 16%, respectively. But early pollinated fruits were not edible after ripening, since total sugar content increased only to about 7%, even though they kept growing for 160 d on the tree. The maximum rate of ethylene production declined and the number of days to the ethylene peak from harvest is also reduced with growth in both cases. These changes were closely correlated with days after pollination (r>0.9) regardless of pollination time. Comparisons of accumulated temperature suggest that temperature at pollination time and during the resting period of growth affected fruit development. These results indicate that neither fruit weight nor number of days after pollination is a suitable index for harvesting time.     

乙烯利提早"国庆一号"温州蜜柑果实成熟的效应

以"国庆一号"温州蜜柑为试材,在5%果实开始转色时,以清水和100、200、400 mg/L的乙烯利进行叶面喷雾试验,以及用清水和500、1 000、2 000、4 000 mg/L的乙烯利进行涂果试验,观测了果实的着色指数、果皮厚度、单果重、可食率以及可溶性固形物、总酸、固酸比.试验结果表明:不同浓度的乙烯利叶面喷雾和涂果处理均能不同程度的促进果实着色、提早果实成熟,降低果实的总酸、提高可溶性固形物含量和固酸比,增进果实的品质.叶面喷雾以200 mg/L最好.涂果以2 000 mg/L效果最好.     

Characteristics of citrus fruits in relation to granulation

A study was conducted in different citrus cultivars to observe the incidence and degree of granulation, and to measure polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and phenolic content pattern in relation to granulation. Standard procedures were followed to observe the incidence and degree of granulation, phenolic content pattern, PPO activity and pheno-physicochemical fruit characteristics of citrus fruits. Across all citrus cultivars studied, 25% of the fruit were affected by granulation to the degree of about 10%. In general, granulated fruit were larger in size than normal fruit, and were inferior in quality characteristics. Among different citrus cultivars, ‘Kaula’ mandarin had highest incidence of granulation (62.5%), followed by ‘Mosambi’ sweet orange (43.6%) and the least in ‘Kagzi’ lime (12.2%). Phenolic content and polyphenol oxidase activity also varied widely among different citrus types, and were significantly higher in normal fruit than granulated fruit. Thus, it appears from the study that PPO plays some role in the occurrence of granulation in citrus.     

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Dovyalis Fruits

Abstract

The objective of this work was to establish physical and chemical characterizations of dovyalis hybrid fruits (Dovyalis abyssinica and D. hebecarpa). Samples of 25 fruits were characterized by evaluation of length and width, weight, percentage and number of seeds per fruit, peel percentage, pulp percentage, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C and TSS/TA ratio. Dovyalis fruit has good physical quality for market with an average of 75% pulp. Vitamin C content averaged 120.3 mg/100 g of fresh fruit, characterizing dovyalis as a good source of vitamin C.     

Pomegranate fruit development and maturation

The development of pomegranate fruit was studied under continental (Bet Shean Valley) and moderate maritime (coastal plain) climatic conditions. Fertile flowers were vase-shaped and developed into fruits. Bell-shaped flowers with few egg cells were sterile and did not produce fruits. Gibberellic acid induced the sterile flowers to develop into small fruits; however, these were devoid of juicy seeds. The growth curve of pomegranate fruits from both climatic regions showed a single sigmoid pattern. The seeds accounted for about half of the fruit weight. The edible juicy tissue of the seeds grew continuously from June to October whereas the internal stone tissue stopped growing and hardened by the end of June. Juice, total soluble solids (TSS) and anthocyanin content increased continuously during maturation while acidity decreased. Fruit of cv Mule’s Head ripens early and has a low acid content, whereas fruit of the late-ripening cv Wonderful has high juice contents, TSS, acids and anthocyanins, and is therefore suitable for processing. In the hot Bet Shean Valley fruits matured more rapidly than in the coastal plain, but acidity and anthocyanin contents were lower. C0₂ evolution from the fruits was low and no climacteric peak or measurable ethylene were detected during fruit maturation, thus suggesting that the pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit.     

吲熟酯对本地早柑桔疏果和果实品质的影响

在6年生枳砧本地早盛花后30天,树冠喷布50～400ppm吲熟酯(5-氯代吲唑-8-醋酸乙酯)的疏果率达6.2～30.6％,疏果程度与使用浓度呈线性正相关,果实提早9天着色,可溶性固形物增加0.6～1.0％,含酸量提高0.01～0.12％,增进了果实风味,同时果皮减薄 1～4 mm,可食率增加1～4％,其中以100ppm的效果最佳,200ppm次之。据100ppm处理果果汁测定还能增加氨基酸种类及与果实成熟密切相关的赖氨酸、脯氨酸和精氨酸的含量。盛花后60、80天喷布吲熟酯100ppm均有疏果的作用,但盛花后80天喷布疏果作用较低,两者的果实转色期仅提早5天左右,果实品质不及盛花后30天的各处理。从疏果程度与果实品质两方面考虑,生产上应选盛花后30天喷布吲熟酯100～200ppm为宜。