苜蓿青干草替代部分精料对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

本研究的目的在于探讨苜蓿青干草替代部分精料后对奶牛生产性能、牛奶品质和经济效益的影响,为在奶牛饲粮中合理利用苜蓿青干草和精料提供依据。选取体重、产奶量、胎次相近处于泌乳中期的中高产荷斯坦奶牛24头,随机分为4组。对照组日粮组成为全株玉米青贮料、花生秧和混合精料,精粗比为52∶48,试验A、B、C组分别用3 kg 苜蓿青干草替代1.5,2.0,3.0 kg精料,饲养期70 d。结果表明,试验A组、B组、C组产奶量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验A组显著高于B组、C组(P<0.05),试验B组、C组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验A组、B组、C组的乳蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验B组和C组显著高于A组(P<0.05);试验组的乳脂率极显著(P<0.01)和乳糖、干物质显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验A组、B组干物质采食量显著高于对照组和C组(P<0.05),C组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),A组干物质采食量最高。试验组与对照组体细胞数差异不显著(P>0.05),但均较对照组低。试验B组、C组的粗蛋白表观消化率显著(P<0.05)和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组,试验A组与对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验A组的纯增收益最高,为7.92元/d。由以上结果可知,用苜蓿青干草替代适量的精料补充料可以提高奶牛的生产性能,改善乳品质,增加收益,其中用3.0 kg苜蓿青干草替代1.5 kg精料组效果最好。     

苜蓿鲜草部分替代苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛生产性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响。选用18头体重、胎次、产奶量相近,处于泌乳中期的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组6头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂以苜蓿鲜草替代基础饲粮中50%和75%苜蓿青干草的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛干物质采食量和产奶量均无显著影响(P>0.05),但各试验组乳体细胞数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛营养物质表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)苜蓿鲜草替代不同比例苜蓿青干草对奶牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、胆固醇、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白含量及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ组奶牛的血清尿素氮含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),对照组和试验Ⅱ组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的经济效益均有所增加,其中试验Ⅱ组净增收益最高,为9.06元/(头·d)。综合得出,苜蓿鲜草可以部分替代奶牛饲粮中苜蓿青干草而不影响生产性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标,且能增加经济效益。     

苜蓿青干草对肉牛生产性能及胆固醇代谢的影响

选取日龄、体质量、性别、健康状况一致的西门塔尔牛×延边牛杂交一代(F1)生长肥育肉牛16头,随机分为4个处理组,每组4个重复,分别在饲粮中用不同水平苜蓿(Medicago sativa)青干草代替等量花生秧和棉籽壳,研究其对肉牛生产性能和胆固醇代谢的影响。结果表明,1)苜蓿青干草替代部分粗饲料可以提高日增体质量20、80和30 g(P0.05),而且随着苜蓿青干草添加量的增加,试验牛血清碱性磷酸酶含量逐渐升高并显著高于未添加组(P0.05);2)添加苜蓿青干草可以显著提高肉牛肌肉中粗蛋白质和粗灰分的含量(P0.05),降低粗脂肪的含量(P0.05)。5.07、.5 kg/d添加组肉牛血清和肉中总胆固醇及甘油三酯含量极显著(P0.01)低于对照组,2.5 kg/d添加组显著下降(P0.05);5.0、7.5 kg/d添加组肉牛低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量极显著下降(P0.01),并显著低于2.5 kg/d添加组(P0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。     

饲喂苜蓿干草对引入澳大利亚奶牛生产性能的影响

为探讨日粮中添加不同比例苜蓿干草,对引入纯种澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛的影响,选择48头产奶量、膘情、年龄,泌乳阶段一致的引入纯种奶牛进行完全随机单位组设计,分为试验Ⅰ组(对照组)、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。分别饲喂苜蓿干草2.5kg/d、5kg/d、7.5kg/d,3kg精料基础料加每产4kg奶补1kg产奶料,玉米青贮自由采食。测定产奶量、干物质采食量、乳成分和试验前后奶牛体重。结果对照组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质采食量、产奶量、乳脂率、4%标准乳日产量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和干物质含量差异不显著(P>0.05);乳脂和乳蛋白的平均日产量均随苜蓿喂量增加而显著增加(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组体细胞数量比对照组显著减少(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组比对照组和试验Ⅱ组极显著减少(P<0.01)。增加苜蓿干草喂量,对提高引入澳大利亚高产荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量和奶品质有一定提高作用。     

苜蓿干草添加量对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

选取沧州奶牛养殖小区体重、产奶量、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为4组,对照组日粮组成为秸秆加精料,试验组添加不同水平苜蓿干草,分析对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响。结果表明,试验组与对照组干物质采食量差异显著（P＜0.05）,试验组产奶量显著提高,差异极显著（P＜0.01）;乳脂率有所降低,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;乳蛋白、非脂乳固形物极显著提高（P＜0.01）;体细胞数显著下降（P＜0.05）。添加苜蓿使牛奶品质得到明显改善。经济效益分析结果表明,日粮中添加苜蓿能显著提高奶牛养殖业的整体效益。     

苎麻青贮替代苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、乳成分及血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究苎麻青贮替代饲粮中苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能、乳成分及血清指标的影响。选用24头体重、胎次、产奶量接近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组6头,各组以苎麻青贮分别等量替代基础饲粮中0(对照组)、33%(试验1组)、67%(试验2组)和100%的苜蓿干草(试验3组)。预试期14 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)苎麻青贮中的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维以及粗灰分的含量均高于苜蓿干草。2)苎麻青贮替代苜蓿干草对奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量及乳成分含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)苎麻青贮替代苜蓿干草对血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性均无显著影响(P0.05)。4)试验3组的血清尿素氮含量显著高于试验1组和试验2组(P0.05),与对照组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。5)对照组和试验1组血清总胆固醇含量显著高于试验2组(P0.05),试验2组与试验3组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。6)随着苎麻青贮添加比例的增加,血清总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶含量逐渐升高,试验3组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合得出,苎麻青贮可以替代奶牛饲粮中苜蓿干草,而不影响生产性能、乳成分及血清指标,适宜的替代比例为33%~67%。     

添加不同水平苜蓿对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

选取河北省沧州地区奶牛养殖小区体重、产奶量、胎次、泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为4组,对照组日粮组成为秸秆加精料,试验组添加不同水平苜蓿干草,分析对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响.结果表明,试验组与对照组相比产奶量显著提高,差异极显著(P<0.01);乳脂率降低,差异不显著(P>0.05);乳蛋白、非脂乳固形物极显著提高(P<0.01);体细胞数显著下降(P<0.05).添加苜蓿使牛奶品质得到明显改善.经济效益分析表明,日粮中添加苜蓿能显著提高奶产业种、养、加链条的整体效益.     

燕麦青贮替代燕麦干草和羊草对奶牛生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在分析燕麦青贮替代日粮中燕麦干草和羊草对奶牛生产性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取平均胎次、体重、产奶量差异均不显著的荷斯坦泌乳奶牛32头,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头奶牛。对照组奶牛饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别使用等干物质含量的燕麦青贮替代基础日粮中的100%燕麦干草（Ⅰ组）、50%燕麦干草（Ⅱ组）和100%羊草（Ⅲ组）。预试期14 d,正式试验期35 d。结果显示,燕麦青贮的干物质（DM）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量均低于燕麦干草和羊草（P<0.05）,Ca含量显著高于燕麦干草和羊草（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组奶牛的乳脂率显著提高（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组乳脂量显著提高（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的乳蛋白率显著提高（P<0.05）。试验Ⅱ组奶牛的养殖利润高于其他组。研究表明,使用燕麦青贮替代燕麦干草和羊草对奶牛生产性能和机体健康无不良影响,且使用燕麦青贮替代50%燕麦干草可提高奶牛的产奶量和乳品质,经济效益较好。     

菌糠替代苜蓿干草对奶牛生产性能的影响

选择年龄、胎次(2～4胎)、生产性能相近,体重600kg左右的健康德系荷斯坦奶牛70头,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组35头.对照组饲喂原全混合日粮,试验组饲喂菌糠等量代替原全混合日粮中的苜蓿干草,试验期测定奶牛采食量、产奶量、乳品质等生产性能,并分析经济效益.结果表明:试验组奶牛采食正常,两组间采食量无显著差异(P>0.05);试验组和对照组产奶量有一定差异,但未达到显著水平(P﹥0.05),且随着试验的进行,试验组的产奶量有提高的趋势,还延长了其高产时间;试验组多项乳品质指标较对照组有所改善,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组每产1 kg标准奶比对照组节约饲料成本0.10元.     

裹包青贮苜蓿替代苜蓿干草对奶牛奶产量及乳成分的影响

以裹包青贮苜蓿代替50%等量干物质的苜蓿干草,分析其对奶牛干物质采食量、产奶性能以及乳品质的影响。选取产奶量相近的中产奶牛200头,随机分为2组,每组100头,饲喂全混合日粮,试验组使用裹包青贮苜蓿代替50%等量干物质的苜蓿干草,试验期40 d,其中预试期10 d。在试验期间测定奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量及乳品质指标。结果表明,试验组在30 d内平均干物质采食量较对照组提高了8.2%(P0.05);产奶量二者差异不显著(P0.05);试验组乳脂率和乳蛋白分别较对照组提高了7.2%和9.3%(P0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P0.05)。研究结果提示,在奶牛日粮中用裹包苜蓿青贮替代部分苜蓿干草能提高奶牛干物质采食量,并对乳品质具有改善作用。     

不同微生态制剂对奶牛产奶性能和乳品质的影响

[目的]研究旨在探讨不同微生态制剂对奶牛产奶性能和乳品质的影响,[方法]将40头荷斯坦奶牛随机分成4个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,微生态制剂1组、微生态制剂2组、微生态制剂3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%的三种微生态制剂产品。[结果]结果显示：与对照组相比,微生态制剂1组、微生态制剂2组、微生态制剂3组的平均日产奶量、乳蛋白率均显著增加（P＜0.05）,体细胞数均显著降低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,微生态制剂1组的平均日采食量、乳脂率均显著增加（P＜0.05）,料奶比显著降低（P＜0.05）。与微生态制剂2组相比,微生态制剂1组的平均日产奶量、乳蛋白率均显著增加（P＜0.05）。[结论]说明三种微生态制剂产品均能在一定程度上提高奶牛的产奶性能和乳品质,以微生态制剂产品1的作用效果最好。     

青贮紫花苜蓿对奶牛生产性能、尿素氮和血液生化指标的影响

在苜蓿（Medicago sativa）中添加5%的糖蜜,并进行苜蓿大窖青贮和饲喂试验,研究以青贮苜蓿（试验组）替代相同干物质量（DM）的苜蓿干草（对照组）对奶牛生产性能、尿素氮及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明,给奶牛饲喂苜蓿青贮饲料有利于提高奶牛干物质采食量（Dry Matter Intake,DMI）、日产奶量和乳脂率,试验后期乳蛋白含量有所下降,但差异均不显著（P0.05）;乳尿素氮（Milk Urea Nitrogen,MUN）及尿液尿素氮（Urinary Urea Nitrogen,UUN）含量均呈现下降趋势,血浆尿素氮（Plasma Urea Nitrogen,BUN）先下降后上升,其中试验组MUN和BUN低于对照组（P0.05）,UUN则高于对照组,在试验后期,试验组和对照组UUN分别为48.35和27.52 mmolL-1,差异显著（P0.05）;谷丙转氨酶（Alanine Aminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（Aspartate Transaminase,AST）和碱性磷酸酶（Alkaline Phosphatase,ALP）含量均为试验组高于对照组,差异不显著（P0.05）;血浆中总蛋白（Albumin,ALB）和葡萄糖（Glucose,GLU）含量试验组逐渐降低,且低于对照组,但差异不显著（P0.05）;胆固醇（Chinese Hamster Ovary,CHO）的含量试验组逐渐升高,对照组逐渐降低,在试验后期分别为3.64和2.82 mmolL-1（P=0.059）,差异最大。总之,饲喂苜蓿青贮饲料有利于改善奶牛的生产性能和机体代谢能力,由于美拉德反应的发生,试验后期降低了苜蓿青贮饲料营养物质在奶牛体内的代谢利用效果。     

微量元素添加剂对奶牛泌乳性能影响

针对奶牛日粮营养不平衡,导致产奶量低、乳脂率低,经济效益低的生产状况,本试验随机选择4胎、5胎、6胎泌乳期牛10头,分试验组与对照组,各试验牛按日产奶量饲喂不等量精料补充料、玉米秸与稻秸按2:1混合的粗饲料、尿素基础饲粮。试验组饲粮按产奶量分等添加微量元素添加剂,试验期试验组奶料比为3.25,对照组为2.9,试验组增加0.34kg(P<0.05)。试验期产奶量按4.0%标准乳计算,试验组日产奶量高于对照组4.31kg(P<0.05)。按每kg增重折合鲜奶8.0kg校正体重后标准乳计算,试验组日产奶量高于对组4.36kg(P<0.01)。乳脂、乳钙、乳蛋白质(2.29 乳脂率×0.33计算),试验组比对照组分别提高0.32%、0.10%、0.03%(P<0.05)。添加微量元素的试验组,头均日产标准奶24.12kg,对照组19.8kg(P<0.05),按kg鲜奶1.80元计算,头、日产奶分别收入43.42元、35.62元(P<0.05)。头均日耗饲料的实际价格试验组9.15元、对照组7.82元(P<0.01),试验组比对组多增收6.46元(P<0.05),经济效益显著。     

不同水平复合益生菌制剂添加对奶牛生产性能、乳品质及体细胞数量的影响

为分析不同水平复合益生菌制剂添加对奶牛生产性能、乳品质及体细胞数量的影响,试验选择胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛160头随机分成4个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复10头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组每头奶牛分别在基础日粮中添加20、40、60 g/d复合益生菌制剂,预试验7 d,试验期为60 d。结果表明:(1)试验后的30、60 d,试验3、4组的平均产奶量较1相比分别提高16.0%、14.9%、25.6%、24.1%(P<0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组的4%乳脂校正、乳蛋白率、总固形物均高于1组(P>0.05);试验2、3、4组的尿素氮均低于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的乳糖率、乳脂率较1组分别提高14.6%、13.4%、5.0%、4.2%(P<0.05);(3)试验后的60 d,试验3、4组乳中体细胞数量较1组相比降低9.3%、7.1%(P<0.05)。综上,每头牛每天添加40 g复合益生菌制剂可以提高奶牛的生产性能、乳品质,减少体细胞数量。     

Effect of replacing corn with brown rice grain in a total mixed ration silage on milk production,ruminal fermentation and nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows

Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to determine the effects of substituting corn grain with brown rice (BR) grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage on milk yield, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen (N) balance. The TMR silages were made from the ensiling of TMR containing (dry matter basis) 50.1% forage in rice silage and corn silage combination, and 49.9% concentrate. The grain portion of the diets contained 31.2% steam‐flaked corn, 31.2% steam‐flaked BR or an equal mixture of corn and BR. Dietary treatments did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat, protein and lactose yields. The ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected by dietary treatment. The urinary N excretion decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to increased levels of BR, with no dietary effect on N intake, N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. Our results indicate that steam‐flaked BR is a suitable replacement for steam‐flaked corn in dairy cow diets, and that it can be included in rations to a level of at least 31.2% of dry matter without adverse effects on milk production, when cows were fed rice silage and corn silage‐based diets.     

Effect of monensin and vitamin E on milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows

Feeding unsaturated oils to lactating dairy cows impair ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) and increase ruminal outflow of BH intermediates such as trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA that are considered to be potent inhibitors of milk fat synthesis. Supplementing lactating dairy cow’s rations containing plant origin oils with monensin and/or vitamin E may minimise the formation of trans‐10 isomers in the rumen, thereby preventing milk fat depression. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin and vitamin E supplementation in the diets of lactating dairy cows containing whole cottonseed, as the main source of FA on feed intake, milk production and composition, milk fatty acid profile, efficiency of nitrogen (N) utilisation, efficiency of net energy (NE) utilisation and nutrients digestibilities. Four multiparous Holstein lactating dairy cows (86 ± 41 days in milk) were assigned to a balanced 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 21 days with a 14 days of treatment adaptation and a 7 days of data collection. The control diet was a total mixed ration (TMR) consisted of 430 g/kg forage and 570 g/kg of a concentrate mixture on dry matter (DM) basis. Cows were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments including control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E/kg of DM (E), control diet supplemented with 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (M) and control diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin E and 24 mg of monensin/kg of DM (EM). Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 19.1 to 19.5 kg/d and was similar among the dietary treatments. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk production, milk fat, protein and lactose concentrations, efficiency of utilisation of nitrogen and net energy for lactation (NE_L). Digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was not affected by the dietary treatments. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was higher in cows fed with the M and EM diets in relation to those fed the C and E diets. The concentrations of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, trans‐10‐16:1, cis‐9‐16:1, 17:0, 18:0, trans‐11‐18:1, cis‐9‐18:1, cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA, and 18:3n‐3 FA in milk fat were not affected by the dietary supplementations. While feeding the M diet tended to decrease milk fat concentration of C16:0, the milk fat concentration of C18:2n‐6 FA tended to be increased. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E or monensin had no effect on milk fat concentrations of saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, short chain and long chain FA, but feeding the M diet numerically decreased milk fat concentration of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). The results showed that vitamin E and/or monensin supplementations did not improve milk fat content and did not minimise the formation of trans‐10 FA isomers in the rumen when whole cottonseed was included in the diet as the main source of fatty acids.     

Effect of brewer's grain on rumen fermentation, milk production and milk composition in lactating dairy cows

Six lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups (n = 3) and used in a double reversal trial with three periods of 14 days each to evaluate the rumen fermentation, milk production and milk composition of cows fed brewer's grain (BG). The control diets contained 14% chopped Sudangrass hay, 24% corn silage, 18% alfalfa hay cube, 34% concentrate mixture‐1 and 10% concentrate mixture‐2 (wheat bran, soybean meal and cottonseed). In the experimental diet, wet BG replaced the concentrate mixture‐2. The protozoal population, concentration of ammonia‐N and volatile fatty acids in the ruminal fluid did not differ between the control and BG diets. The molar percentage of acetic acid was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with the BG diet at 5 h after feeding. The milk yield, the percentage of protein, lactose, solids not‐fat and somatic cell counts of milk did not differ between the two diets. The percentage of milk fat tended to increase with the BG diet. The BG diet significantly increased the proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 in milk fat (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and tended to increase that of conjugated linoleic acid.     

Effect of the type of silage on milk yield,intake and rumen metabolism of dairy cows grazing swards with low herbage mass

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of herbage allowance (HA) and type of silage supplemented (TS) on milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI) and metabolism of dairy cows in early lactation. Thirty‐six Holstein‐Friesian dairy cows were allocated to four treatments derived from an arrangement of two HA (LHA = 17 or HHA = 25 kg of DM/cow/day) and two TS (grass (GS) or maize (MS)). Herbage allowance had no effect on DMI or milk yield. Rumen pH and NH₃‐N concentration were not affected by HA. The efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen (microbial protein (MP)) was affected by HA with 21.5 and 23.9 g microbial nitrogen per kg ruminal digestible organic matter for LHA and HHA, respectively (P < 0.05). Supplementation with MS showed higher values of milk yield by 2.4 kg/cow/day (P < 0.001), milk protein content by 0.10 % (P < 0.023) and herbage DMI by 2.2 kg/cow/day, and showed lower values for milk urea compared to GS (P < 0.001). The former results suggest that TS had a greater effect on milk yield, total feed intake and energy intake than increase in herbage allowance; however, increase in HA had greater effects on MP than TS.     

Effect of anthocyanin‐rich corn silage on digestibility,milk production and plasma enzyme activities in lactating dairy cows

Anthocyanin in purple corn (Zea mays L.) has been reported to show several functional and biological attributes, displaying antioxidant, antiobesity and antidiabetic effects in monogastric animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding anthocyanin‐rich corn (Zea mays L., Choko C922) silage on digestibility, milk production and plasma enzyme activities in lactating dairy cows. The cows were fed diets based on the control corn or the anthocyanin‐rich corn silage (AR treatment) in a crossover design. The anthocyanin‐rich corn silage‐based diet had a lower starch content, nutrient digestibility and total digestible nutrients content when compared to the control diet. The milk yield, lactose and solids‐not‐fat contents in the AR‐treatment cows were lower than in the control cows. The feeding of the anthocyanin‐rich corn silage led to a reduction in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the plasma. These data suggest that the anthocyanin‐rich corn has a lowering effect on AST activity with concomitant enhancement of SOD activity in lactating dairy cows. However, a new variety of anthocyanin‐rich corn with good nutritional value is needed for practical use as a ruminant feed.     

复合益生菌制剂对奶牛泌乳性能及乳品质的影响

为研究复合益生菌制剂对奶牛泌乳性能及乳品质的影响,试验选取45头泌乳期相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,对照组、试验1组、试验2组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2组分别在基础日粮中添加1%、2%的复合益生菌制剂,试验期为60d。结果表明:试验2组在第10、30、60天奶牛产奶量较对照组分别提高2.28%、0.62%、9.08%(P<0.05),试验1组在第10、60天较对照组分别提高4.6%、8.9%(P<0.05);第30天时,试验1、2组乳中总固形物含量较对照组均显著性提高(P<0.05),乳糖率、乳蛋白率、乳脂率之间差异不显著(P>0.05);第60天时,与对照组相比,试验1、2组乳中乳糖率分别提高了4.41%、7.02%(P<0.05),乳蛋白率提高了4.16%、9.97%(P<0.05),总固形物含量提高了2.44%、3.02%(P<0.05),乳脂率含量之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,日粮中添加复合益生菌制剂可有效提高奶牛产奶量及乳品质,且添加2%复方益生菌制剂效果更优。