日光温室越冬茬黄瓜栽培技术

１品种选择 黄瓜是日光温室越冬栽培的主要蔬菜作物。在越冬日光温室黄瓜栽培过程中，长期处于低温寡照的气候条件下，所选择黄瓜的品种一定要具有良好的抗病性和耐低温弱光能力。如选择津春３号、中农１３、中农５号等耐低温和弱光性强的品种。经实践证明，在我县以冬茬黄瓜─—夏豆角─—秋冬茬番茄的种植模式效益较好。冬茬黄瓜于１０月上旬播种，１１月中旬定植，次年５月底拉秧；在拉秧前的５月中旬在黄瓜株间点播豆角，于８月上中旬上市，９月中旬拉秧；秋冬茬番茄选用毛粉８０２、佳粉２号等品种，８月上旬育苗，９月中旬定植，１０…     

双膜覆盖中棚秋冬茄子栽培技术

茄子喜温、耐热,是夏季主要蔬菜之一,入秋以后则植株逐步衰老（拉秧）。笔者在多年栽培秋冬季辣椒的基础上,于１９９７、１９９８年采用中棚双膜覆盖措施,对茄子进行了秋冬栽培试验,结果折合每６６７ｍ２产茄子２８１２ｋｇ,鲜果可延后到１２月底至元旦采摘上市,由于售价较高,每６６７ｍ２产值达４４９９元,纯利润２７５７元。现将具体栽培技术总结如下。１　建好双膜覆盖中棚双膜覆盖中棚（中棚套中棚）在外界自然温度下降到０℃时,棚内仍可保持５℃以上,其保温性能较单层覆盖棚提高了２～３℃,在１２月底以前,基本上可使茄子…     

四季苔韭高效栽培

１品种选择选择苔高且粗,抽苔率高,口佳味美,早发性强,抗寒,分蘖力强,生长迅速的品种,如“春寒８０１”,即“铜山早苔韭”。２培育壮苗２．１播期上年１２月中下旬～次年３月上旬播种,４～５月定植,秋季抽苔上市;３～５月育苗,６～７月定植,翌年２月中下旬采...     

大棚番茄与扁豆高效套种技术

近２年东台市城郊部分菜农应用大棚番茄与扁豆合理套种技术,每６６７ｍ２番茄产量４０００～４２５０ｋｇ、产值４３００～４６７０元;扁豆产量１０６０～１１５０ｋｇ,产值 ４５００～４６９０元;合计总产值８８００～９３６０元,经济效益显著。 一、种植模式 一般大棚为南北走向,长６０ｍ左右,宽５．５～６ｍ,中间走道０．５ｍ。春季提早栽培番茄,１１月上旬冷床育苗,翌年２月中旬大棚定植,行距０．５ｍ、株距０．３ｍ。扁豆于１月上旬、３月上旬分２期播种育苗,第１期扁豆２月底定植于大棚内中间走道两侧的番茄行间,每６６…     

灰树花室外仿野生栽培技术

近年来，灰树花由单一的室内袋栽发展到室外仿野生栽培，从而提高了产量。现将该技术介绍如下：１制种时间 灰树花适宜出菇期为５月中旬～１０月上旬，菌袋覆土时间掌握在３月下旬至下月底，所以制菌袋应安排在２月上旬，原种应在１０月底到元月初开始制种。２ 菌袋制作 一般以板栗树为主的壳斗树材最为理想。其配方：棉子壳４２％，栗木屑４０％，麸皮１６％，红糖、石膏、微肥各１％。ｐＨ５。５～６．５，含水量６０％。装袋（１７ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ×０．０４５ｃｍ聚丙烯），中间打直径 １．５～２ｃｍ的孔，深为２／３袋。套上套环和塞棉…     

用石灰氮打破大棚葡萄休眠试验

南方葡萄，尤其是大棚促成栽培，由于冬季休眠期低温量不足，影响萌芽。为探讨石灰氮对打破葡萄休眠的效应和使用技术，连续４年进行本试验。１试验设计１．１试验地点笔者大棚促成栽培和露地栽培实验园。实验园均采用双十字V形架，行距２．５米，株距１米。４米立一根水泥柱。萌芽前１５天左右，６６６．７平方米施氮、磷、钾复合肥２５公斤，尿素１０公斤，硼砂２～３公斤作催芽肥。１．２试验年份与品种１９９７～２０００年大棚促成栽培内供试品种：欧亚种：无核白鸡心、京玉、绯红、黑玫瑰、里扎马特、早玉、里扎马脑等７个品种；欧美…     

日光温室抱子甘蓝、茴香、黄瓜三种三收技术

河北省藁城市高科技园区通过引试新品种，采用套种法，即日光温室抱子甘蓝、茴香、黄瓜三种三收，获得较高的产量及效益，一般６６７m２产抱子甘蓝２０００kg，茴香１５００kg，黄瓜５０００kg，年纯效益２．５万元，值得推广应用。现将茬口安排及技术要点总结如下。１茬口安排①抱子甘蓝于７月初露地育苗，８月初定植，１１月中旬～３月上旬收获。②茴香于１２月底撒播在抱子甘蓝行间，３月中旬收获。③黄瓜于２月上旬温室播种育苗，３月底定植，５月初～７月底收获。２栽培技术要点２．１抱子甘蓝①品种选择选用适合于秋冬茬生产的品种，…     

无籽西瓜产量和果实品质与主要栽培因素的关系

对无籽西瓜产量和果实品质与主要栽培因素有关系的研究结果表明，在湖南西瓜生长前期，低温，多雨，寡照和后期高温，干旱的气候条件下，无籽西瓜的栽培密度以５００株／６６７ｍ＾２，双蔓式整枝的产量最高，海拔３００ｍ左右的平原，丘陵区播种期３月底，４月初为宜，海拔６００～８００ｍ的高寒山区以５月上，中旬为宜，不同有机肥与化肥本套施比单施比肥产量高，果实品质好。     

惟勤西芹及大棚秋延后栽培技术

惟勤西芹是从香港惟勤企业有限公司引进的品种，该品种植株高大，生长旺盛，株高７５ｃｍ以上，叶片大，叶色深绿，抱合紧凑，品质脆嫩，纤维极少，口味好，抗病性强，从定植到收获９０～１２０天，单株重１．５ｋｇ左右，６６７ｍ２产量在９ ０００ｋｇ以上。现将该品种秋延后栽培技术介绍如下：１播种育苗 惟勤西芹苗期较长，一般为２～３个月，我市秋延冬栽培播种期在６月中下旬，此时正值高温季节，播种前种子应进行低温催芽处理。具体方法是：播种前将种子在阳光下晒０．５～１天，然后在水中浸１２～１６小时，冲净后放在１０～１５℃…     

京亚葡萄在长江中游地区的表现及栽培要点

京亚葡萄，系中国科学院北京植物园从黑奥林葡萄实生苗中选出的新品种，１９９０年正式命名。１９９１年１１月笔者引进嫁接成苗，翌春定植于荆州市荆州区荆西渔场葡萄园，以同时从山东郓城县果树试验站引进的巨峰葡萄作对照，经过７年的观察、鉴评，认为京亚葡萄是一个适于长江中游的优良品种。１　品种特性１．１　物候期　在湖北荆州，２月底伤流开始，４月中旬伤流终止，３月底萌芽始期，４月初萌芽盛期，４月１０日前后为展叶期，４月２５日始花，４月２８日盛花，５月１日末花，５月５日终花（亦即浆果开始生长期），６月１５～１８日…     

Effect of low temperature on breaking dormancy and flowering of Arisaema sikokianum (Araceae)

Arisaema sikokianum (Araceae) native to Japan is classified as a vulnerable species in the Red Data Book of Japan. Control of dormancy is essential for efficient corm production and forcing culture. Sprouting of both vegetative and reproductive corms was enhanced by exposure to low temperature. Vegetative corms exposed to low temperatures at 5 °C longer sprouted faster when grown at 20 °C. Effective temperatures for breaking dormancy was 5 °C. Reproductive corms treated at 5 °C longer showed shorter days to flower. Successful forcing culture was achieved; corms treated at 5 °C from November for 30 days flowered on 5th February.     

小苍兰生长发育与光照强度关系的研究

小苍兰经高、中、低三种不同强度的人工光照处理，结果表明，植株的高度随光强的降低而增高，叶面积、植株、根、新球的干重及花芽的数量均随光强的升高而增加。光照强度不影响小苍兰的花芽分化，在三种不同强度的光照下，均于第３５天分化了花芽。     

The influence of planting date,sucker selection and density on yield and crop-timing of bananas (cultivar ‘Williams’) in the Eastern Transvaal

In the subtropical banana-growing areas of South Africa, there is a pronounced and consistent tendency for fruit to be oversupplied in the spring (September–November) and undersupplied in the autumn (March–May). Under identical soil, planting material and general management conditions, a crop-timing trial with ‘Williams’ banana was established at Burgershall Research Station, Eastern Transvaal, to compare the effects of planting date (September, December, March), time of first sucker selection (5 and 10 months after planting) and density (1666 and 1250 plants ha⁻¹) on yield and harvest season over 3 crop cycles.Cumulating the yield/ha/annum for the plant crop and first ratoon cycles, there was a small but significant decrease (4%) as planting date was delayed from September to December, and a larger significant reduction in yield (18%) with delay from December to March planting. While cumulative yield/ha/annum for plant crop plus first ratoon increased significantly (19%) at the higher density of 1666 plants ha⁻¹, no differences occurred as a result of sucker selection treatment.March-planted bananas were harvested during the undesirable spring period, and this effect was largely carried over into the first ratoon and second ratoon cycles. December planting was optimal and September planting intermediate from a crop-timing viewpoint. Cumulating all 3 crop cycles, 50% of the total bunch harvest could be timed during the autumn from December planting at a density of 1666 plants ha⁻¹. From September planting, the proportion of autumn-harvested fruit could also be increased by delaying the selection of the first ratoon sucker until at least 10 months after planting. Results demonstrated the in-field potential for overcoming the natural banana shortage in South Africa during autumn.     

Effect of 2-Chloroethanephosphonic Acid (Ethrel) on Health,Dormancy, and Flower and Corm Yield of Gladioli

2-Chloroethanephosphonic acid (Ethrel), an ethylene releasing compound, was used on gladiolus corms as a 30-minute dip treatment in various concentrations and at various times during storage.

The most important effect of Ethrel was the marked increase in health and survival of treated plants infected with latent Fusarium.

Ethrel at 1000 ppm enhanced sprouting when corms were stored at high temperatures or stored for a short period at 5 °C. Treatment of cold-stored corms at high concentrations delayed sprouting.

Ethrel increased corm splitting, delayed flowering and slightly shortened flower stems. The size of harvested corms was reduced, but the yield of cormels was greatly increased by Ethrel.     

Screening of genotypes of menthol mint Mentha arvensis for high yields of herbage and essential oil under late cropping conditions of the sub-tropical Indo-Gangetic plains

Summary

The essential oil yields and expression of related characters were compared for seven cultivar genotypes of menthol mint Mentha arvensis using two methods of planting in the winter rabi – summer season (October to July) in a sub-tropical agroclimatic environment. The crops of all the cultivars were planted in the field by (1) sowing of suckers on 2 January and (2) transplanting germinated pieces of sucker at different times between 17 March to 14 April. Staggering of transplanting time up to 7 April did not affect oil yields and the related plant growth properties of mint crops. The oil yields of the crops planted on 14 April were lower by about 30%. In the early sucker planted crops, the oil yields were about 30% higher than those obtained from the transplanted crops of 17 March to 7 April and about double that obtained from crops transplanted on 14 April. The oil yields from the crops of the superior genotype Kosi were equal to or higher than the corresponding means of all genotypes under both planting methods. The oil yield from the crops of Kosi genotype obtained by sucker sowing method was estimated as 333 kg ha^–1. The corresponding average yield from the crops of this genotype obtained by transplanting of germinated suckers between 17 March and 7 April was about 293 kg ha^–1 and that from the crop transplanted on 14 April was 218 kg ha^–1. With the Kosi genotype, the latter two types of transplanted mint crops gave oil yields lower only by about 12% and 33% compared with the long-duration sucker-sown crop. It is concluded that a crop of mustard (brassica), Bengalgram (chickpea) or wheat sown between October and November and harvested between early March to middle of April could be taken before cropping of the Kosi genotype of M. arvensis by plantlet transplanting. These results demonstrate the potential of the following rotation of crops in the sub-tropical environments: from June/July/August to October/November (kharif cropping season), rice, maize, sorghum or pigeonpea; from November/December to February/March, mustard and Bengalgram or from November/December to April (rabi cropping season), wheat; from March/April to June/July (zaid cropping season), transplanted menthol mint.     

Effect of ethylene on breaking dormancy of freesia corms

Ethylene (C₂H₄) applied before chilling stimulated rooting and sprouting, and increased root number and length per corm. Only when corms experienced high temperature for a certain period before or after C₂H₄ treatment was a promotive effect on sprouting observed. When C₂H₄ was applied at the beginning of the high-temperature storage, the effect was greatest and all treated corms sprouted within 2 weeks of planting. Effects of ethephon on sprouting were slight.Shortening the dormant period with C₂H₄ could be useful for practical freesia forcing, since C₂H₄ has no adverse effects on the development of the root and the shoot.     

Temperature effects on flower formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

The temperature conditions for shoot growth and flower formation were characterised for saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Leaf withering occurred during late winter or spring depending on location, and coincided with a rise in temperature. No growth was detectable in the buds during the first 30 days after leaf withering, neither in underground corms nor in lifted corms incubated in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Flower initiation occurred during the first growth stages of the buds. The optimal temperature for flower formation was in the range from 23 to 27 °C, 23 °C temperature being marginally better. To ensure the formation of a maximum number of flowers, the incubation at these temperatures should exceed 50 days, although incubation longer than 150 days resulted in flower abortion. Flower emergence required the transfer of the corms from the conditions of flower formation to a markedly lower temperature (17 °C). Incubation of the corms after lifting at a higher temperature (30 °C), reduced flower initiation and caused the abortion of some of the initiated flowers. No flowers formed in corms incubated at 9 °C. A variable proportion (20–100%) of the corms forced directly at 17 °C without a previous incubation at 23–27 °C formed a single flower. The wide differences in the timing of the phenological stages in different locations we found in this study seemed related to the ambient temperature. Leaf withering was followed shortly by flower initiation, which occurred during late spring or early summer as the rising temperature reached 20 °C. A long hot summer delayed flower emergence which occurred in late autumn as the temperature fell to the range of 15–17 °C.     

Effect of sowing date on ethephon-caused feminization in muskmelon

Summary

Seeds of an andromonoecious muskmelon, cv. Piel de Sapo, were sown between the 5th and the 10th days of each month of 1986 and plants were kept in a glasshouse in Zaragoza (Spain). Plants were treated with 0, 150, 250 and 500 mgl^?1 ethephon solutions at three stages of development: two leaves, anthesis of the first male flower and anthesis of the first pistillate flower respectively. Plants sown in January, February, March and April achieved higher feminization rates than plants sown in May, June and July. Plants sown in September, October and November did not produce any pistillate flowers. When the plants were sown in December, the feminization rate was intermediate. When control plants had high feminization rates, treatments with 150 mg l^?1 ethephon solutions produced maximum feminization, while when these plants had low feminization rates, higher ethephon concentrations (250 or 500 mg l^?) were needed.     

日光温室越冬茬番茄定植到缓苗期标准化管理技术

为了确保日光温室越冬番茄定植后幼苗的根、茎、叶健康发育,协调好营养生长与生殖生长的关系,促进植株的花芽分化,为番茄前期产量打下良好的基础,重点探索了番茄定植期到缓苗期的管理措施。通过借鉴山东思远农业设施蔬菜标准化管理模式,结合芮城实际情况,尤其是定植期正值高温酷暑季节,总结出栽前温室高温闷棚、土壤消毒、穴盘蘸根及栽后各阶段标准化环境管理、标准化栽培管理、标准化肥水管理和标准化植保管理等行之有效的配套技术,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。随着标准化技术的应用示范,推广面积已达205 hm^2,带动全县1 690 hm^2设施蔬菜朝标准化方向发展。