原位合成Ti(C,N)-WC/Ni60A基复合涂层显微结构及性能

针对农机作业中触土刀具易磨损、失效频繁、寿命低、消耗成本高等现状,研究开发了金属表面熔覆陶瓷涂层工艺。采用反应等离子熔覆技术,在Q235B钢表面制备了Ti(C,N)-WC增强Ni60A基复合陶瓷涂层。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、金相显微镜等对复合熔覆层的微观结构及强质硬化相的成分、组织、性能进行了分析。研究结果表明:预涂敷层中的钛(Ti)粉、石墨粉、氮化钛(TiN)粉在等离子熔覆过程中原位合成了颗粒状新生相Ti(C,N),且均匀弥散分布在熔覆层中,形成了主要由硬质相、包覆相、粘结相组成的芯-环结构;涂层平均硬度达HV0.51750,最高可达HV0.52040;涂层的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损,与基体相比,有较好的硬度和耐磨性能,以期为农机刀具材料强化提供参考。     

铝热剂法原位合成农机刀具 Al2O3-Ti(C,N)复合涂层组织结构及性能

为了提高旋耕刀、犁铧等农机触土刀具表面强度,以铝热剂的放热反应提供内在热源、等离子弧作为外在热源,采用反应等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢表面原位合成了Al_2O_3-Ti(C,N)复合材料涂层。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、金相显微镜等对复合涂层的微观结构及强质硬化相的成分、组织及性能进行了分析。结果表明:涂层与基体呈冶金结合,涂层主要由网状、嵌套、球状等3种结构组成,硬质相Al_2O_3、Ti(C,N)与粘结相Fe-Ni之间相互包裹、互相嵌套,构形成空间网状骨架结构;涂层硬度最高可达HV_(0.5)2160,平均硬度HV_(0.5)1870,约为基体Q235钢的7.7倍;涂层摩擦系数约为0.372,其磨损量约为65Mn钢及Q235钢的1/7和1/17,与基体相比,复合涂层具有较高的硬度和较好的摩擦磨损性能,可以为农机材料表面强化提供参考。     

Fe-Cr-C-V等离子堆焊层改善旋耕刀耐磨性和冲击韧性

为解决农机触土部件耐磨性差、失效频繁等问题,该文采用等离子堆焊技术在65Mn钢基体上制备Fe-Cr-C-V堆焊层;利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪分析了堆焊层的显微组织和物相构成;利用显微硬度计、往复式摩擦磨损试验机、自制土槽磨损试验机、冲击试验机等设备测试了堆焊层的显微硬度、耐磨性及冲击韧性。结果表明,堆焊层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,Fe-Cr-C-V堆焊层主要由α-Fe、Cr7C3、M7C3([Fe,Cr]7C3)、Fe-Cr固溶体、VC等组成。与65Mn淬火钢相比,Fe-Cr-C-V堆焊层的维氏硬度提高了75%,磨损质量降低了约67%。与Fe-Cr-C堆焊层相比,Fe-Cr-C-V堆焊层维氏硬度提高了HV0.5100,冲击韧性提高了21%。与常用的65Mn铲尖相比,有Fe-Cr-C-V堆焊层的深松铲铲尖磨损质量减少了78%,与常用60Si2Mn旋耕刀相比,有Fe-Cr-C-V堆焊层的旋耕刀平均磨损质量减小约50%。该研究可为延长旋耕刀使用寿命提供参考。     

Impact of crop rotations on microbial biomass,faunal populations,and plant C and N in a Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf)

We studied the impact of continous barley and a 4-year rotation consisting of fababean, barley after fababean, barley intercropped with field pea, and barley after the intercrop on the soil biological properties of a Gray Luvisol. The crop rotations were estabilshed in 1988 and fertilizer N was not applied to any plots. The plots were sampled five times over the growing season in 1990. The average size of microbial N over the growing season was 20% greater when barley followed fababean or intercropping than in the fababean and intercropped plots. It was 14.9% greater when barley followed fababean or intercropping than in the continuous barley plots. Protozoa populations were greater when barley followed intercropping than in the continuous barley plots, but an inverse trend was found for nematode populations. Average size of the mineral N over the growing season in the 4-year rotation plots was 32% greater than in the continuous barley plots. It was also 23% greater when barley followed fababean or intercropping than in the fababean and intercropped plots. Plant N in the latter plots was significantly greater than in the former and in continuous barley plots; therefore legumes contributed N to the crop rotation through biological N fixation and addition of N-rich crop residues. Significantly higher mineral N and microbial N in the barley of rotation plots than in continuous barley plots indicate that rotation systems with annual legumes alter soil biological properties and N availability.     

坡缕石对匙叶翼首草生长、产量和品质的影响

试验采用田间单因素随机区组设计,研究了加施破缕石0、750、1500、2250和3000 kg hm-2五个处理对匙叶翼首草产量及品质的影响。结果表明:缕石在750~3000 kg hm-2施用量下,均能提高匙叶翼首草的产量和品质,且产量随着坡缕石的增加而增加;加坡缕石为3000 kg hm-2时的产量最高较对照极显著增产26.56%(P<0.01),品质也最优;在匙叶翼首草栽培中科学合理的将N、P和K肥料与破缕石配施是提高其产量和品质的一个重要的农艺措施之一。