血根碱的生物学活性及博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用

血根碱作为博落回提取物的主要活性成分,在抗炎、抑菌、抗肿瘤等方面具有多种药理作用,农业部也已经批准博落回提取物(血根碱为主要成分)作为二类新中兽药应用于动物生产。本文通过对血根碱在抗炎、抗氧化、肠道健康、抗肿瘤、抑菌等生物学活性及其机制和博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用情况进行综述,为博落回提取物在动物生产中应用提供一些理论参考。     

博落回的有效成分及其提取物在畜禽生产中的应用

博落回的主要功能性成分为血根碱、白屈菜红碱、原阿片碱、别隐品碱等异喹啉类生物碱。以血根碱和白屈菜红碱为主要成分的博落回提取物已经被批准作为饲料添加剂使用。博落回提取物应用在畜禽生产中能够提高畜禽生产性能、改善肠道功能、提高抗氧化水平,并具有抗炎、抗菌、抗寄生虫等功能。文章对博落回的有效活性成分进行介绍,并探讨其提取物在畜禽生产中的应用效果。     

博落回提取物对动物体的作用效果及机理

博落回提取物在饲用替抗产品全球市场取得了惊人的成绩,产品远销海外,在动物饲粮中添加博落回提取物不仅可以提高动物的生长性能,还具有抗菌消炎等功效。文章主要是对博落回提取物在动物生产中的作用效果进行了综述。     

博落回生物碱作用于微生物的研究进展

博落回生物碱是一种天然植物提取物,具有抗菌消炎、促生长等多重功效,在饲料生产中抗生素即将禁用的背景下具有极大的开发应用价值。博落回生物碱对多种病原细菌、真菌以及病毒均有抑制作用,同时又能直接或间接促进某些益生菌的生长,改善肠道微生态环境,促进机体生长。文章就博落回生物碱对各种微生物的作用影响进行综述,为此类生物碱产品与微生态制剂联合运用提供参考。     

湖南2种兽药新品获审批填补国内二类中兽药空白

<正>从湖南省兽药饲料监察所了解到,湖南省2种兽药新品获得农业部审批通过,其中博落回提取物和博落回散是全国第一个获得国家二类新兽药证书的中兽药产品。农业部近日发布第1597号公告,湖南美可达生物资源有限公司研制的博落回提取物和博落回散分别获得国家     

博落回散在养猪生产上的应用

博落回是多年生草本植物,全草皆可入药。博落回散是以博落回果为原药材,主要活性成分是血根碱和白屈菜红碱。博落回散具有抑菌、抗炎、促生长等多种生物活性,适用于生猪健康养殖;具有“无三致”作用、无耐药性、无休药期。在我国,2016年农业部公告第2374号批准变更兽药使用的博落回散增加含量规格和靶动物,并发布修订后的产品质量标准、说明书和标签,2017年博落回散纳入新版《药物饲料添加剂品种目录及使用规范》目录,在生猪养殖上可长期使用,推荐使用剂量为每吨猪配合饲料0.75~1.875 g。本文就近年来博落回散及提取物在母猪和断奶仔猪生产上的研究和应用作简要综述,供养猪生产一线同仁参考。     

博落回及其提取物对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响

为了研究博落回及其提取物对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响,选用体重、胎次、预产期相近的杜长大三元杂交母猪30头,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+40mg/kg博落回提取物(提取物组)、基础日粮+40mg/kg博落回全粉(全粉组)。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组母猪哺乳期日采食量显著提高(P0.05),背膘厚度无显著差异(P0.05);试验组仔猪初生窝重均显著提高,但只有提取物组的仔猪初生均重及5、21日龄窝重和母猪带仔数显著提高(P0.05);全粉组仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P0.05),提取物组也有所降低,且提取物组无死淘。因此,博落回及其提取物可增加哺乳期母猪日采食量,提高母猪窝产仔数和仔猪窝重,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶联合使用对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、抗氧化性能和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶联合使用对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、抗氧化性能和经济效益的影响。试验选择60周龄海蓝褐蛋鸡6 000只,随机分成2个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复600只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.25 g/kg的博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶复合物。预试期3周,正式试验期8周。研究结果表明:①与对照组相比,日粮中添加博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶显著提高了4、8、5～8、1～8 wk的产蛋率和产蛋量(P0.05),显著提高了1～8 wk的蛋重(P0.05),显著降低了4、8、5～8、1～8 wk的料蛋比(P0.05);②与对照组相比,日粮中添加博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶显著降低了肝脏和蛋黄中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05),对肝脏和蛋黄中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性没有显著影响(P0.05);③与对照组相比,日粮中添加博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶显著提高了8 wk的蛋鸡体重(P0.05);④日粮中添加博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶相比于对照组能够获得更大的经济效益。综上所述,日粮中添加博落回提取物和葡萄糖氧化酶能够改善蛋鸡的产蛋性能、饲料效率和抗氧化性能,且能够获得更好的经济效益。     

博落回化学成分和药理活性研究

传统中草药博落回,在农业领域能够杀虫杀蛆;在医药领域能减轻疼痛、改善免疫系统功能、抗菌抗炎、抗肿瘤等;在兽医临床上博落回提取物作为饲料添加剂可以有效促进动物生长。通过查阅近几年的文献资料,对博落回化学成分、药理作用、在兽医临床上的应用等方面进行综述,为博落回的综合开发利用提供依据。     

博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为了研究博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,试验选用28±2日龄、体重相近的长×大断奶仔猪160头,随机分为4处理组,分别饲喂给基础日粮（空白对照组）、基础日粮＋100 mg/kg金霉素（阳性对照组）、基础日粮＋0.45 mg/kg血根碱（血根碱组）和基础日粮＋0.675mg/kg博落回提取物（博落回提取物组）,试验期为30天,试验结束时测定各处理组的生长性能等指标。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,血根碱组仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高8.53%（P〈0.05）、11.93%（P〈0.05）,料肉比下降了3.18%（P〈0.05）,博落回提取物组仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高12.32%（P〈0.05）、17.26%（P〈0.05）,料肉比下降了4.5%（P〈0.05）。试验显示,血根碱和博落回提取物均能显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,有效缓解了断奶应激,表明博落回提取物作为植物源性抗生素替代产品在断奶仔猪日粮中有良好的应用效果。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …