早期限饲对肉鸡免疫器官发育和体液免疫功能的影响

对肉鸡采用几种不同的早期限制饲喂处理，对比观察了不同的限饲方法对内鸡的抗病力和免疫相关指标的影响。试验结果显示，早期限饲显著降低了肉鸡的发病率和死亡率，这可能与早期限饲促进了肉鸡的脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺等免疫器官的发育，提高了机体的抗体滴度有关。早期限饲对内鸡的上市体质量和饲料转化率未产生显著影响。     

早期限饲对肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征发病率、生产性能和腹脂率的影响

采用低温诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征,对比观察不同的早期限饲方法对于常温和低温条件下PHS的发病率、肉鸡生产性能和腹脂率的影响。在试验1中,限饲处理组肉鸡分别于7￣14日龄或7￣21日龄每天给料8h,对照组肉鸡全程自由采食。在试验2中,限饲组肉鸡分别于7￣14日龄给予对照组肉鸡前1d饲料消耗量的60%或80%。结果表明:早期限饲能够降低肉鸡PHS的发病率,在低温条件下尤其明显;早期限饲改善了饲料效率,同时未对肉鸡的胴体品质产生显著的影响,且适当限饲不影响肉鸡的最终上市体重。这表明早期限饲是一种有效的控制肉鸡PHS的方法,值得在实际生产中推广应用。     

早期限饲对肉鸡补偿生长的影响

试验旨在研究不同时间、不同限饲水平对肉鸡补偿生长的影响.试验选取0日龄健康状况良好的艾维茵雏鸡330只,随机分为4个试验处理组,除对照组外,其余3个试验处理组各设三个限饲水平,每组3个重复(对照组为6个重复),每个重复10只鸡.结果表明:11～17日龄限饲最好,其最佳限饲水平为47％(R2=0.9051);5～11、8...     

早期限饲对肉鸡补偿性生长的影响

试验观察了几种早期限饲措施对肉鸡补偿性生长和消化器官发育的影响。结果显示,各种早期限饲处理均可明显降低肉鸡早期的生长速度和体重;恢复自由采食后肉鸡获得了补偿性生长,适当的早期限饲并不影响肉鸡的最终上市体重;早期限饲改善了饲料效率;限饲鸡胰脏相对重量和肌胃 腺胃相对重量显著高于非限饲鸡,提示早期限饲诱发肉鸡补偿性生长可能与限饲促进消化器官发育、提高消化能力有关。     

早期限饲对肉鸡生产性能的影响

<正>现代肉禽饲养多采用自由采食的饲养方式,同时,肉鸡由于吃的快,吃的多,消化快,吸收好、增重快等特点,造成了肉禽脂肪沉积过多,机体免疫力下降,死亡率和发病率增加,代谢病和骨骼疾病的     

早期限饲对肉鸡血浆NO水平、红细胞比容和心脏指数的影响

试验测定了常温和低温下限饲肉鸡和非限饲肉鸡体内一氧化氮(NO)含量、红细胞比容(PCV)和心脏指数的变化,以探讨早期限饲降低肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征(PHS)发病率的机理。试验结果显示低温下肉鸡的PCV值、心脏指数和PHS的发病率显著升高,NO水平在低温早期显著降低,然而随着低温时间的延长,低温处理组肉鸡的血浆NO水平反而代偿性升高。早期限饲显著降低了肉鸡生长早期的红细胞压积值,并显著降低了42日龄心脏指数和PHS的发病率。限饲鸡在限饲期间血浆NO水平显著降低,但其他阶段与非限饲鸡差异不显著。这提示早期限饲能够缓解肉鸡肺动脉高压和右心肥大的产生,其机理可能与NO和PCV改变所致的血流动力学变化有关。     

早期限饲对肉鸡生产性能的影响

<正>现代肉禽多采用自由采食的饲养方式,肉鸡由于吃的快、吃的多,吸收好、增重快等特点,造成了肉禽脂肪沉积过多、机体免疫力下降、死亡率和发病率增加、代谢病和骨骼疾病发病率上升     

早期限饲对肉鸡生产性能的影响

肉鸡在饲养过程中,为了避免因采食过多,造成腹水病、死亡率升高,因此对肉鸡实行必要的饲料限制,可以提高机体免疫力、改善肌肉品质、保证体脂肪蓄积正常、降低死亡率等。文章综述了限饲的方法、注意问题、限饲对肉鸡生产性能的影响,并对限饲前景作了展望。     

早期限饲在肉鸡生产中的研究与运用

<正>现在肉仔鸡多采用自由采食,生长快、体型大,过快的生长带来了死亡率、代谢性疾病和骨骼疾病发病率上升等一系列问题〔1~3〕。大量研究表明早期限饲能够有效地解决这些问题〔4~6〕。早期限饲是在早期控制肉仔鸡采食量或营养物质的浓度,人为地从数量或质量上减少鸡的营养摄入量,包括质量限饲法、数量限饲法和时间限饲法3种类型。本文就早期限饲在肉仔鸡生产中的研究与应用做一综述。1早期限饲在肉仔鸡生产性能方面的应用大量的研究集中在生产性能方面,肉仔鸡早期适度限饲可提高饲料利用率,对生产性能无不良影     

限饲对肉鸡生产性能及胴体品质的影响

试验为６（限饲方式）×２（性别）的完全随机设计，每处理组４个重复，每重复１５只鸡。６种限饲方式为：（１）Ｒｅｓ－０（自由采食）；（２）Ｒｅｓ－１（第７日龄禁饲）　；（３）Ｒｅｓ－２（第７、１４日龄禁饲）　；（４）Ｒｅｓ－３（第７、１４、２１日龄禁饲）　；（５）Ｒｅｓ－４（第７、１４、２１、２８日龄禁饲）；（６）Ｒｅｓ－５（第７、１４、２１、２８、３５日龄禁饲）。禁饲指停饲２４　ｈ。结果４２日龄时处理１、２、３组间鸡体重无显著差异，但第４、５、６处理组体重明显低于１、２、３处理组（Ｐ＜　０．０５）…     

早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响

试验研究了早期数量限饲对肉用仔鸡生产性能、胴体品质的影响。以320只1日龄AA+肉用仔鸡为试验动物。设4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复20只肉仔鸡。对照组根据AA+商品代肉鸡营养标准配制。各处理肉用仔鸡1～7日龄均为自由采食,8～14日龄对照组、限饲90%组、限饲80%组和限饲70%组分别饲喂自由采食量的100%、90%、80%和70%,15日龄恢复自由采食,以后按常规饲养管理。每周末,以重复为单位全部称重。分别于42、49日龄,每个重复随机抽取4只肉用仔鸡禁食12h、称重、屠宰、测定屠体品质。试验结果表明:在第2周,限饲各组肉仔鸡的体重和日增重分别显著低于对照组(P0.05);在第3周,限饲90%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);在第4周,限饲80%和70%组完成补偿生长,体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);5、6、7周及2～6、2～7周各组在体重、日增重、日采食量和饲料转化率等都无显著差异(P0.05)。早期数量限饲对肉仔鸡胴体特性没有显著影响(P0.05),限饲70%～80%,具有改善饲料转化效率、胸肌率、腹脂率的作用。     

早期限饲对肉仔鸡的影响

遗传育种选育和营养水平的改进,在使肉仔鸡生长速度不断提高的同时带来了一系列负面影响,如脂肪沉积、代谢性疾病、骨骼疾病、死亡率增加。早期限饲在改善这些问题上有一定的作用。本文综述了早期限饲对肉仔鸡的生产性能和健康状况等影响,并对早期限饲的进一步研究方向进行了展望。     

Application of an early skip-a-day feed restriction on physiological parameters, carcass traits and development of ascites in male broilers reared under regular or cold temperatures at high altitude

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a skip‐a‐day feed removal early in life on physiological parameters and ascites occurrence in broilers reared at a high altitude (2100 m above sealevel) under regular or cold temperatures. Three hundred 1‐day‐old male broilers were divided into two equal groups. One group was placed in an enclosure with standard thermal management. The other group treated for the induction of ascites was raised under cold temperature conditions. In each enclosure, birds were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (three replicate floor pens of 25 chicks per treatment group): (i) a control was fed a standard starter and grower diet according to the National Research Council; or (ii) a skip‐a‐day feed removal, which was similar to the control except for 24 h fasting intervals at 9, 11 and 13 days of age. Results indicate that live bodyweight following the feed removal at up to 42 days of age was significantly different between the control and skip‐a‐day restricted birds (P < 0.01). Skip‐a‐day feed removal resulted in decreased weight gain (P = 0.005) but did not influence feed conversion ratio. The heterophil : lymphocyte ratio was numerically higher for the cold environment and increased when birds were exposed to fasting, but these differences were not significant. Hematocrit was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) in broilers raised in cold conditions whereas it was not influenced by feed restriction. Circulatory thyroid hormone concentrations were not influenced by the feed restriction program under both environments. Birds subjected to cold had significantly lower (P = 0.0023) carcass yield compared to those reared at normal temperature. Breast yield and abdominal fat deposition were not influenced by cold or feed restriction. A reduction in mortality from ascites was noted in broilers who experienced early skip‐a‐day feed removal under both environmental conditions.     

饲粮加工对仔猪断奶早期生产性能的影响

本试验分别选择3周龄断奶的长白仔猪3窝和长×太仔猪4窝,每窝仔猪按配对试验分为2组并在仔猪断奶后第一周分别饲喂加工和未加工的饲粮,重点考察仔猪饲粮加工对两个不同品种仔猪生产性能的影响。在仔猪断奶后第二周,各组仔猪均饲喂同一饲粮以考察前期饲粮加工处理对仔猪生产性能的后续效应。根据加工饲粮的尿素酶活性、胰蛋白酶抑制活性、蛋白质溶解度、蛋白质分散指数及淀粉糊化度等指标,综合确定饲粮的适宜加工条件为料水比1∶2,经121￣126℃(0.10￣0.15MPa)处理3min。试验结果表明,不同品种仔猪断奶早期的生产性能存在较大差异,饲粮加工可以较大程度地提高仔猪断奶早期尤其是断奶后第一周的生产性能,且长白仔猪生产性能的提高程度大于长×太仔猪。     

浓缩大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验采用单因子随机化设计,将225只艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复15只鸡,以玉米-豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,饲喂处理1设为空白对照组;处理2添加猪油,设为猪油对照组;处理3、4、5分别添加低、中、高水平的浓缩大豆磷脂,为试验组.在0～3周龄猪油以2%,浓缩大豆磷脂分别以2%、3%、4%;在4～6周龄猪油以3%,浓缩大豆磷脂分别以3%、4%、5%添加到基础日粮中以替代相同比例的玉米,蛋白质水平维持不变.研究添加猪油和不同水平的浓缩大豆磷脂对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响,并对其作用机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明:在0～3周龄时,中、高水平试验组极显著地提高了采食量(P<0.01);在4～6周龄时,中水平试验组具有较大的采食量,但高水平试验组采食量有所下降;从全期来看,猪油对采食量影响不大;在0～3周龄,中、高水平试验组极显著地提高了增重(P<0.01),而且在此阶段添加油脂显著提高了饲料转化率(P<0.05);在4～6周龄时,添加油脂极显著提高了增重和饲料转化率(P<0.01);从全期来看,添加油脂可以提高增重与饲料转化率,且在0～3周龄时浓缩大豆磷脂优于猪油.     

Liver colourations as well as performance and digestive tract characteristics of broilers may change as influenced by stage and schedule of feed restriction

To investigate the changes in characteristics (CIE L*, a* and b*) of liver colour as well as growth, carcass and digestive tract of broilers as influenced by stage and schedule of feed restriction, 400 two‐week‐old broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 20 floor pens. Four replicate pens of 20 equally mixed sex birds per pen were randomly allotted each of the five treatments. Birds in control were fed ad libitum. Birds in QFRM and QFRL were restricted 75% of ad libitum intake (quantitative feed restriction, QFR) for 10 days. Birds in FTRM and FTRL were fed ad libitum for 7 days per a period of 10 days with third, fifth and seventh days of feed withdrawal (feeding time restriction, FTR). The restrictions in the QFRM and FTRM started on day 14 (at middle age, M) while the restrictions in the QFRL and FTRL started on day 31 (at late age, L). The restricted broilers consumed less feed than the full‐fed birds (p < 0.05). The QFRM and FTRM birds consumed less feed than QFRL and FTRL birds (p < 0.05). The body weight gain decreased by the QFRL and FTRL, the feed efficiency increased by the QFRM and FTRM compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The QFRL and FTRL increased a* and b* values of liver and the relative weights of gut and liver, and the FTRL increased the L* value of liver compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The QFRL and FTRL decreased the relative weight of abdominal fat compared to the control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, (i) the restricted feeding at middle stage improved feed efficiency; (ii) the restricted feeding at later stage decreased growth rate and abdominal fat; and (iii) limited‐time feeding during later period caused a measurable variation in the liver colour.     

中草药饲料添加剂“三黄散”对AA肉鸡生产性能的影响

为评定中草药饲料添加剂三黄散对AA肉鸡生产性能的影响,本研究选用1日龄AA肉鸡300只,随机分成2组,每组设3个重复,每重复50只。第一组为对照组,基础日粮+50 mg/kg土霉素;第二组为试验组,基础日粮+1%中草药饲料添加剂三黄散。饲养期为49 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组日增重效果差异不显著(P>0.05),饲料转化率差异不显著(P>0.05),成活率提高1.20%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

合生素对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

为探讨合生素在肉仔鸡生产中的最适添加量及其对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,本文采用0.05%和0.10%两个比例添加合生素,其余3组为益生素组、抗生素组和对照组。对6000只AA公雏鸡进行为期7周的试验。结果表明:合生素组(0.05%和0.10%)的平均日采食量、日增重和饲料转化率都优于益生素组和抗生素组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);平均采食量(0￣3、4￣6、6￣7周龄)和平均日增重(0￣3、6￣7周龄)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加0.05%的合生素组与0.10%的合生素组对肉仔鸡生产性能有相同的效果(P>0.05)。说明由益生素与植物提取物组成的合生素可以替代抗生素和益生素在肉仔鸡生产中应用,其最适的添加量为0.05%。     

Effects of early and late feed restriction or feed withdrawal on growth performance,ascites and blood constituents of broiler chickens

A study was conducted with male broilers to determine the effects of early and late feed restriction or feed withdrawal. In the experiment five treatments were represented by three replicate floor pens, each containing 20 broilers. The experimental procedure was a completely randomized design. The treatments were ad libitum (AL), 25% (FR-25) and 50% (FR-50) feed-restricted or 8 h (FW-8) and 16 h (FW-16) feed withdrawal regimes, respectively. FW-16 regime significantly reduced weight gain to 21 days of age compared to AL or FR-25 regimes (P<0.05). However, the overall weight gains between 9 days and 42 days of age were not significantly affected by the treatments. FW-8 and FW-16 broilers consumed significantly less feed than either AL or FR broilers between 9 and 21 days (P<0.05), however FW-8 and FW-16 broilers had similar feed intake to AL or FR-25 and FR-50 broilers between 9 and 42 days of age. Feed: gain, abdominal fat pad and heart weights, mortality, death due to ascites, and the incidence of leg disorders were unchanged by feeding regimes, although the incidence of ascites in FW-16 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than AL fed broilers. Blood constituents, such as albumin, total cholesterol, ketone bodies, glucose, chlorine, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine were also significantly affected by feeding regimes (P<0.05).