Generation of a large combinatorial library of the immunoglobulin repertoire in phage lambda

A novel bacteriophage lambda vector system was used to express in Escherichia coli a combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire. The system allows rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. It was possible to generate, in 2 weeks, large numbers of monoclonal Fab fragments against a transition state analog hapten. The methods described may supersede present-day hybridoma technology and facilitate the production of catalytic and other antibodies.     

培养研究生创新能力的几个着力点

培养研究生创新能力是一个不断深化教育理论研究和教育实践探索的过程,当前培养研究生创新能力,关键要把握好几个着力点,即创新精神和创新意识的培养、个性化知识结构的构建、创新学术性格的塑造和实践能力的锻炼.     

天津农业科技创新重点工程研究

从农业科技自主创新、农业科技成果、农业科技对外合作、科技创新平台建设、农业科技型企业和农业科技创新人才队伍建设等6个方面梳理了天津农业科技创新基本现状,深入分析天津农业科技创新的成效和不足,在此基础上确定天津农业科技创新的指导思想和思路,进而提出农业科技创新支撑天津现代农业发展的10大重点工程。     

Horizontal plate motion: a key allocyclic factor in the evolution of the great barrier reef

The Great Barrier Reef complex of northeastern Australia thins dramatically and becomes younger from north to south. These variations are a consequence of the Cenozoic northward movement of the Indian-Australian plate. The temperate climatic conditions that applied off northeast Australia during the early Tertiary were progressively replaced by tropical conditions. The present-day south-to-north facies distribution along the eastern Australian continental margin mimics the Cenozoic vertical facies sequence through the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef region.     

重点实验室的科技创新能力建设初探

浙江省农业科学院病毒学与生物技术研究所目前拥有部级重点开放实验室、省级重点开放实验室和省级试验基地各一个,这些部省级重点实验室(试验基地)已成为浙江省农业科学院科技创新平台之一。为适应科技创新能力建设的需要,分析了实验室目前的现状及存在问题,并提出了具体的对策。     

T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白随机进化文库的构建

为筛选遗传背景清晰、裂解性能优良、宿主识别谱广泛的噬菌体用于抗菌产品开发,满足畜禽减抗、无抗养殖需求,通过易错PCR技术定向改变T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白羧基末端基因序列,并构建T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白随机进化文库,为筛选识别不同宿主的T7噬菌体奠定基础。提取T7噬菌体基因组,用SfiⅠ进行单酶切,回收SfiⅠ位点左侧基因组。常规PCR扩增尾丝蛋白羧基末端基因序列(TF-ct,约350 bp)以及gene17至T7基因组右侧末端基因序列(约4 000 bp)。以回收的TF-ct片段为模板,进行易错PCR扩增,将随机突变的TF-ct基因片段连接T载体,构建质粒文库。从质粒文库中用SfiⅠ/SphⅠ双酶切出TF-ct片段,并与SfiⅠ位点左侧基因组片段、gp17右侧基因组片段进行连接,利用包装蛋白拯救出T7噬菌体尾丝蛋白随机进化文库。结果易错PCR成功扩增TF-ct基因片段,并连接T载体构建质粒文库;同时随机突变的基因正确插入T7噬菌体基因组相应位置,成功拯救出尾丝蛋白定向进化T7噬菌体文库。从噬菌体文库中随机挑选15个克隆进行序列分析,目的基因的突变率在1.23%～2.16%;尾丝蛋白loop区域的氨...     

The Chlamydomonas genome reveals the evolution of key animal and plant functions

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga whose lineage diverged from land plants over 1 billion years ago. It is a model system for studying chloroplast-based photosynthesis, as well as the structure, assembly, and function of eukaryotic flagella (cilia), which were inherited from the common ancestor of plants and animals, but lost in land plants. We sequenced the approximately 120-megabase nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses, identifying genes encoding uncharacterized proteins that are likely associated with the function and biogenesis of chloroplasts or eukaryotic flagella. Analyses of the Chlamydomonas genome advance our understanding of the ancestral eukaryotic cell, reveal previously unknown genes associated with photosynthetic and flagellar functions, and establish links between ciliopathy and the composition and function of flagella.     

fw2.2: a quantitative trait locus key to the evolution of tomato fruit size

Domestication of many plants has correlated with dramatic increases in fruit size. In tomato, one quantitative trait locus (QTL), fw2.2, was responsible for a large step in this process. When transformed into large-fruited cultivars, a cosmid derived from the fw2.2 region of a small-fruited wild species reduced fruit size by the predicted amount and had the gene action expected for fw2.2. The cause of the QTL effect is a single gene, ORFX, that is expressed early in floral development, controls carpel cell number, and has a sequence suggesting structural similarity to the human oncogene c-H-ras p21. Alterations in fruit size, imparted by fw2.2 alleles, are most likely due to changes in regulation rather than in the sequence and structure of the encoded protein.     

广西农业科技创新体系建设框架与重点任务研究

【目的】为制定广西农业科技创新体系建设相关政策提供参考。【方法】采用实地调研考察和问卷调查的疗法调查广西农业科技创新的情况和下一步的工作思路;采用研讨法邀请专家召开专家座谈会,研讨、论证广西农业科技创新体系建设的框架结构与重点任务。【结果】广西农业科技创新体系由农业科技研发体系、农业科技成果转化体系、农村科技服务体系、基层农业技术推广体系构成。重点任务是加强农业科技研发平台建设,进一步完善农业科技研发体系;加强农业科技成果转化平台建设,进一步完善农业科技成果转化体系;加强农业科技服务平台建设,进一步完善农村科技服务体系;完善基层农业技术推广体系,促进农业先进适用技术向基层转移聚集。【结论】总结提出的广西农业科技创新体系建设框架与重点任务具有创新性、前瞻性、现实性和可操作性等特点,可为广西农业科技创新体系相关规划和实施方案的制定提供参考。     

Repeatability and standardization in cattle blood typing

Thirteen laboratories engaged in cattle blood typing have participated in tests to compare their blood-typing reagents. Over 75,000 individual tests of cattle erythrocytes were made. When the laboratories tested duplicate samples without knowing they were duplicates, the results were in agreement 99 percent of the time. Tests on samples from the same 199 animals with 56 different reagents from two or more of the laboratories showed agreement 89 percent of the time. The agreement was unexpectedly good, since the primary purpose of the tests was to allow comparison of independently developed reagents and since the sources of error were numerous.     

重复力及其在树木育种中的应用

本文从理论上和方法上对重复力进行了探讨,进而以油橄榄选种和白榆无性系对比试验为例,说明了重复力在树木育种中的应用。     

Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality

Close relatedness has long been considered crucial to the evolution of eusociality. However, it has recently been suggested that close relatedness may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of eusociality. We tested this idea with a comparative analysis of female mating frequencies in 267 species of eusocial bees, wasps, and ants. We found that mating with a single male, which maximizes relatedness, is ancestral for all eight independent eusocial lineages that we investigated. Mating with multiple males is always derived. Furthermore, we found that high polyandry (>2 effective mates) occurs only in lineages whose workers have lost reproductive totipotency. These results provide the first evidence that monogamy was critical in the evolution of eusociality, strongly supporting the prediction of inclusive fitness theory.     

银狐主要繁殖性状的重复力分析

通过对银狐主要繁殖性状重复力的估计和分析,为选育和改良银狐提供理论基础。利用具有2次或2次以上产仔记录的248只母银狐627个繁殖成绩和51只公狐211个繁殖成绩记录,估计了银狐主要繁殖性状的重复力。产仔母狐胎平均产仔数、胎平均断奶活仔数、母狐配种日期、母狐妊娠期的重复力分别为0.114、0.007、0.270和0.206,公狐与配母狐平均产仔数、与配母狐平均断奶活仔数、与配母狐受胎率的重复力分别为0.108、0.303和0.206。母银狐繁殖能力和公狐与配母狐的平均产仔数、受胎率等性状主要受非遗传因素所控制。     

标准体积管重复性的计算

介绍了体积管标准体积的计算方法,分析和比较了标准JJG 209～1980、JJG 209-1994和API MPMS 12.2.4-1997等关于体积管重复性的计算方法及相关规定,使用不同的计算方法计算了体积管的重复性.     

Revealing the superfluid lambda transition in the universal thermodynamics of a unitary Fermi gas

Fermi gases, collections of fermions such as neutrons and electrons, are found throughout nature, from solids to neutron stars. Interacting Fermi gases can form a superfluid or, for charged fermions, a superconductor. We have observed the superfluid phase transition in a strongly interacting Fermi gas by high-precision measurements of the local compressibility, density, and pressure. Our data completely determine the universal thermodynamics of these gases without any fit or external thermometer. The onset of superfluidity is observed in the compressibility, the chemical potential, the entropy, and the heat capacity, which displays a characteristic lambda-like feature at the critical temperature T(c)/T(F) = 0.167(13). The ground-state energy is 3/5ξN E(F) with ξ = 0.376(4). Our measurements provide a benchmark for many-body theories of strongly interacting fermions.     

我国淡水渔业转型升级路径与工程科技创新重点研究

淡水渔业转型升级对推动消费升级、实现产业高质量可持续发展具有重要意义。本文在剖析我国淡水渔业转型升级面临的突出问题和工程科技需求的基础上,提出淡水渔业转型升级的总体思路、推进路径、主要任务和主要目标,并通过系统研究提出淡水渔业绿色高效养殖模式、优良养殖品种繁育技术与装备、精准投喂与饲料高效利用技术、不同养殖模式下水环境调控技术、尾水高效绿色处理技术与装备、多元信息智能立体感知技术与装备、淡水产品捕捞及冷链化优质保鲜贮运技术和养殖产品初加工技术与装备等工程科技创新研究重点,旨在为全面提升我国淡水渔业的设施化、机械化、智能化、智慧化和标准化水平提供决策参考。     

探索与创新——评《福建农民合作经济组织制度创新研究》

农业、农村、农民问题,始终是中国经济社会发展中的重点、热点与难点问题,也是一个关系着党和国家事业发展的根本问题。“三农”问题涵盖内容很多,其核心和关键的突破点是农民问题,即如何增加农民的收入的问题。     

甘蔗不同世代性状的变异模式与重演能力

甘蔗15个家系有性和无性世代6个主要经济性状变异模式的分析表明,有性世代除丛有效茎数外,其他性状的群体均值低于无性世代,而所有性状的变异系数大多超过无性世代.显示出基因型—环境互作对甘蔗早期世代性状表达的效应.世代间性状表现的重演能力,以株高和锤度最强,茎径、丛有效茎数和丛重稍弱,锤重最弱.根据2个世代性状的变异模式和重演能力,CP72-1210×崖84-153和新台糖1号×崖71-374被认为是理想的高糖组合;崖79-222×崖84-153和粤农73-204×科5是理想的高产组合.针对这些组合的性状遗传变异特点,采用相适应的选择策略,有可能筛选出符合甘蔗育咱目标的高产高糖无性系.