基于LabVIEW的叶片几何尺寸测量系统

在农业生产中,植物叶片几何尺寸参数是衡量农作物水分含量、干物质含量等的重要指标.为了能够更好地监测植物的生长过程,设计一种应变式厚度传感器和光电式叶片面积测量系统来测量植物叶片的厚度和面积,然后将两者输出的信号通过数据采集卡进行采集,最后用LabVIEW软件对采集的数据进行实时显示、监测和控制.     

基于Android手机的植物叶片面积快速无损测量系统

基于Android手机平台构建了一种植物叶片面积快速无损测量系统。获取包含被测植物叶片与已知面积的参照物图像,经图像灰度化、图像平滑、图像二值化、图像几何校正和连通区域标记等处理,根据参照物和被测植物叶片面积比得到植物叶片的面积。基于Android编程技术对系统的功能和界面进行了设计,对图像的几何失真问题提出了几何校正方法。以三叶草、木槿、腊梅、枫树、银杏、樱花等多种植物叶片为对象进行面积测量。试验结果表明,系统不受叶片形状的限制,面积测量的相对误差在-2.9%~2.7%,能够有效测量植物叶片面积。     

基于图像处理的发芽率自动化测量方法研究

农业信息化技术的飞速发展,各种新型检测和测量技术也有力地推动了农业现代化发展步伐。为此,基于图像处理技术,对作物发芽样本图像的颜色进行二值化处理,保留绿色发芽区域,实现自动化统计发芽率的目的;在统计幼芽叶片过程中提出了基于四邻域编码一次遍历的方法,实现连通区域数量统计与各区域面积统计同时进行,提高了系统运行效率;同时,以VS.net2005为开发平台,开发实现了一个发芽率自动测量系统。实验表明:该方法操作简单、结果精确,为农业科技人员提供了一种新的、快速有效的测定发芽率的新方法,对促进农业现代化的进一步发展具有实际意义。     

基于光度立体视觉的蔬菜秧苗叶片形态测量方法

为了实现蔬菜秧苗长势智能化在线评估,设计了基于光度立体视觉的蔬菜秧苗叶片曲面形态测量方法和装置,用于对叶片倾角、长度和面积进行精确测量。以15~30 d苗龄辣椒秧苗为测量对象,构建了针对其冠层叶片形态测量的试验装置。根据4组光源在标定球表面成像的反射关系组合方程,标定其对秧苗叶片的照射向量;以D65白色标准板为参考,采用图像RGB分量线性矫正的方法,对不同方位光源辐射强度差异进行补偿,克服光源强度波动对叶片图像明暗信息的影响。根据叶片在不同方位光源照射下图像的明暗特征,基于光度立体视觉获取主叶脉区域离散梯度信息,在此基础上采用最小二乘方法拟合叶片空间平面,以恢复叶片空间倾斜信息,进一步结合叶片图像尺寸测算其实际长度和面积。试验结果表明,视觉系统对秧苗倾角、叶片长度和面积的测量结果与人工测量结果相比平均偏差分别为6.29°、3.82 mm、56.53 mm2,叶片长度和面积与人工测量结果的决定系数R2分别为0.936 3、0.866 4,且对于叶片伸展充分、无遮挡的幼龄秧苗测量精度较高,可为进一步开发温室苗床秧苗长势在线监测设备提供重要技术支撑。     

基于Android系统手机的叶面积测量方法

为了快速无损测量植物叶片的面积,利用Java编写的软件,以Android智能手机为工作平台,使用图像处理技术对植物叶片面积进行测量。测量步骤分为:图像获取、图像分割、图像二值化、滤波去噪、叶片面积计算。采用该方法分别对面积为100mm2的三角形、100mm2的正方形、314.15mm2的圆、112.26mm2的正五角星在150mm和200~800mm之间间隔为100mm的8个距离段进行了面积测量,结果显示其测量误差范围在-0.62%~0.79%之间。应用该方法测量了代表不同植物叶片形状的番茄、茄子和枫叶叶片,当手机和叶片的距离在300~600mm时,测量结果与LI—3100型叶面仪测得的结果偏差在±1%以内,其他距离段偏差均大于1%。本研究设置图像为2560像素×1920像素,测量精度能达到0.001cm2,证明该方法具备精确测量叶片面积的能力。     

农业作业距离测量系统的研究

针对目前农业生产作业中对作业距离的测量需求,设计了一种高精度、宽量程的脉冲反射式超声波距离测量系统;同时,介绍了系统结构及工作原理,给出了系统硬件组成和软件设计流程。该系统具有系统体积小、硬件电路简单、易于控制、成本低等优点,具有良好的工作可靠性,并通过数据修正,进一步减小了测量误差,提高了测量精度,满足了农业作业距离测量的需要。     

纹理植物叶片三维可视化系统设计与试验

植物叶片的三维可视化研究已经成为虚拟植物研究热点之一。为实现带纹理植物叶片的三维可视化,本文根据叶片自身特征信息,设计并实现一种基于图像的纹理植物叶片三维可视化系统。首先,根据双目立体视觉原理,结合一种改进的张正友标定算法和数字图像相关技术实现植物叶片的三维坐标测量算法研究;然后,设计植物叶片三维可视化软硬件测量系统,通过C++结合OpenCV编程实现本文算法,Matlab2010绘图实现叶片三维可视化;最后,本系统对网纹草叶片三维可视化测量,结果表明本系统可精确实现带纹理植物叶片的三维可视化,为虚拟植物叶片提供一种方法。     

基于Wilson理论的农用飞机风动储能风力叶片设计研究

为解决农业飞机作业系统能源消耗过大、故障率高的问题,依据风动储能转化规律设计一种风力叶片,对农业飞机的高速风压进行回收利用。基于Wilson理论对农用飞机风动储能风力叶片进行气动设计,以风能利用系数最大为目标函数,在MATLAB中进行编程设计得到各个叶素截面的弦长和安装角;以有人驾驶农用飞机的能量回收及利用这一应用场景为例,对叶片的设计过程进行分析;叶片翼型的原始数据在PROFILI中获取,最后在SolidWorks中根据弦长和安装角等数据进行旋转等操作获得不同半径的叶素面,通过放样操作形成最终的叶片三维模型。设计成形的风力叶片,符合农业飞机风动储能系统的要求,对于农业飞机的高速风能回收利用具有积极的借鉴意义。     

基于多视角图像的植物叶片建模与曲面面积测量

针对现有测量植物叶片面积方法会对叶片造成一定程度的损伤,提出一种直接对自然生长状态下的叶片进行测量的方法.首先,对数码相机进行校正获取相机参数,从多角度拍摄自然生长状态下的叶片;然后,利用PhotoModeler软件对图像进行处理,获得叶片三维点云模型;再利用Matlab编程实现叶片的三维曲面建模并计算曲面面积.将该测量结果与采用扫描仪结合Photoshop测量结果进行了对比,实验结果表明,提出的方法对自然状态下的叶片测量效果良好,精度达99％.     

精播机作业距离及面积测量仪的研制

精播机作业面积及距离是许多作业参数计算的基础数据。为此,研制了一种安装简便、适用面较广的精播机作业面积及距离测量系统。与以往研究方法不同的是,采用了测量精播机的两个辅助地轮转动角度的方法,间接得到精播机作业距离和面积。经过田间生产试验证明,距离和面积测量误差<2%,系统具有实时性好、通用性好、安装简便和测量精度高等特点,能够满足农业生产要求。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。