大花蕙兰组织培养技术

以1/2MS为基础培养基,以添加2.5%、5%、10%、15%的椰乳为生长调节剂,研究大花蕙兰组织培养的最适培养基。结果表明:1/2MS为基础培养基添加10%的椰乳增殖效果最好;对受到污染的原球茎进行消毒,发现5%的次氯酸钠25 min消毒效果最好;对不同大小的原球茎进行增殖,发现较小的原球茎产生的新原球茎覆盖率较高,2～3 mm的原球茎较为适合快繁;在增殖培养基的基础上加入泥土或木屑进行生根培养,效果较好;对根长达到3 cm以上的试管苗进行练苗及移栽,效果良好。     

草莓脱毒及组培快繁研究

剥离培养0.3mm的草莓微茎尖,脱毒率可达100%.最佳芽诱导培养基为MS BA1.0mg/L;最佳继代培养基为MS十BA0.5mg/L;最佳生根培养基为MS BA0.1mg/L 活性碳1.0g/L.     

Cost-effective tissue culture media for large-scale propagation of three commercial banana (Musa spp.) varieties

Cost-effective tissue culture protocols have been established for the commercial multiplication of three banana varieties, ‘Rasthali’ (AAB – Silk), ‘Grand Naine’ (AAA – Cavendish), and ‘Udhayam’ (ABB – Pisang Awak). Reverse osmosis water and 3% (w/v) table sugar were used as the low-cost water and carbon source, respectively. Six different gelling agent treatments were tested: sago alone (T1), Isabgol alone (T2), sago + agar (T3), Isabgol + agar (T4), sago + Isabgol (T5), and agar alone as a control (T6). Full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg l^–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg l^–1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used for culture initiation and subculturing. Rooting was accomplished on low-cost MS medium containing 1.0 mg l^–1 α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1.0 mg l^–1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 250 mg l^–1 activated charcoal. Statistical analysis indicated that sago + Isabgol (T5) produced the maximum number of shoots (10 per explant) in ‘Udhayam’ and ‘Rasthali’, while sago alone (T1) produced the maximum number of shoots (6 per explant) in ‘Grand Naine’. The genetic stability of tissue-cultured banana plantlets produced using these low-cost substitutes was assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The results indicated that the ISSR profiles of the five treatments and the control (T6) were similar, indicating genetic stability using these cost-effective tissue culture protocols. Reductions in cost over the control (l^–1 of MS medium) ranged from 65% to 86%, while the per plant production cost was reduced by 12.5%–20.0%. Adoption of these treatments (T1–T5) as low-cost tissue culture protocols for in vitro propagation would reduce production costs significantly, leading to an expansion of the area planted with tissue-cultured banana, thereby increasing productivity.     

茎尖脱毒生姜组培苗病原检测研究

利用PCR技术及扫描电镜技术对茎尖脱毒生姜组培苗进行病原检测。用细菌16SrRNA通用引物对生姜组培种苗根部和固体培养基混合提取的基因组DNA作为模板进行16SrRNA扩增,不能扩增出16S rRNA;Trizol提取生姜组培苗根部和茎段RNA经凝胶电泳检测无明显RNA目的条带;生姜组培苗茎段组织经扫描电镜观察组培苗茎段中无呈球形、杆状、卵圆形、丝状、冠状及蝌蚪形等规则形状的病毒颗粒,只见表皮、微管等组织。研究认为,PCR、RT—PCR和扫描电镜是茎尖脱毒生姜组培苗病原检测的有效手段。     

5个香蕉品种的假茎对香蕉象甲的诱捕效果比较

【目的】明确5个香蕉品种假茎对2种香蕉象甲的诱捕效果,为利用香蕉假茎防治香蕉象甲这一农业防治措施提供理论依据。【方法】利用香蕉假茎田间诱捕及2种香蕉象甲对香蕉假茎的室内选择反应分析5个香蕉品种假茎的诱捕效果。【结果】田间诱捕试验结果表明,5个香蕉品种假茎对2种香蕉象甲均有有效的诱捕作用,每个诱捕器10 d诱捕量为9.0~18.0,而且‘巴西蕉’和‘宝岛蕉’的诱捕效果显著优于‘海贡蕉’‘广粉1号’粉蕉和‘广东香蕉1号’的诱捕效果;室内选择反应试验结果表明,5个香蕉品种假茎对2种香蕉象甲的诱捕效果高低顺序依次为‘巴西蕉’,‘宝岛蕉’,‘海贡蕉’,‘广粉1号’粉蕉和‘广东香蕉1号’。【结论】5个香蕉品种假茎均可用于防治2种香蕉象甲,但应首选‘巴西蕉’和‘宝岛蕉’。     

威廉斯香蕉8818及其抗枯萎病突变体的细胞学与组织学研究

为了比较威廉斯香蕉8818及其抗枯萎病突变体8818-1在细胞学和组织解剖学上存在的差异,对这2种香蕉的体细胞染色体数目、气孔保卫细胞的形态特征和根系细胞结构等进行了相关研究。结果表明,8818和8818-1染色体数目均分布在28～37,属三倍体,其整倍体染色体数目为2n=3x=33,8818和8818-1体细胞中的整倍体个数分别占观察总数的41%和52%,除整倍体外,2者体细胞中还存在大量的非整倍体;8818-1的气孔保卫细胞长度与宽度,气孔密度均比8818大,而2者保卫细胞内叶绿体数目差异不明显;8818-1的根系中导管直径和两穿空板间的距离均显著比8818小,而单位面积上的导管数和薄壁细胞数目比8818多。     

改性石灰氮防治香蕉枯萎病及其恢复香蕉生产的效果

针对我国香蕉主产区蕉园土壤退化引起的土地生产力疲劳、毁灭性土传病害(香蕉枯萎病)泛滥、养分不均衡等问题,通过田间试验研究了改性石灰氮综合措施防治香蕉枯萎病的效果。结果表明,对照区的枯萎病发病率为67.58%,应用综合措施可以使发病率降低到13.75%,切断病原菌传播途径的灌溉水消毒措施对防治枯萎病有十分明显的效果;综合措施的实施使收获面积由对照的32.42%增加到86.25%,单株产量由24.4kg增加到26.9kg,单株实收增产10%以上,并改善了香蕉果实外观、营养和食用品质,增加了蕉农的产值和经济效益。由此可以认为,以改性石灰氮综合调控为主要内容的蕉园土壤质量保育措施可以有效的用于香蕉枯萎病的防治。     

香蕉施用白磷肥效应初探

白磷肥是一种新的磷肥品种 ,与其它磷肥不同的是它含有的水溶性磷占 40 %～45%,枸溶性磷占有效磷的 55%～ 60 %,是一种速缓相济的磷肥 ,在花椰菜等蔬菜上的应用中表现出良好的效应。为探讨其在果树上的应用效果 ,在香蕉上进行了肥效试验。1　材料与方法试验设在平和县南胜镇龙心村。供试土壤为灰泥田 ,土壤主要化学性状及供试白磷肥有效成分见表 1。试验设 5个处理 :①对照 (不施磷肥 ) ;②钙镁磷肥 ;③过磷酸钙 ;④磷酸二铵 ;⑤白磷肥。每处理设 3个重复 ,随机区组排列 ,小区面积 3 2 0ｍ2 ,种植香蕉 6株 ,规格 2 3 2ｍ× 2 3 0ｍ。…     

香蕉免耕更新栽培新技术

香蕉免耕更新栽培技术是香蕉更新新技术 ,我们在 2 7.1 hm2 反季节香蕉更新中应用 ,并取得了成功。这一新技术的应用 ,基本解决了香蕉园更新时清理老头蕉和土壤翻耕的问题 ,不仅有利于香蕉园的保水、保肥和土质的稳定 ,防止了老蕉园香蕉束顶病等病毒病对下造蕉的影响 ,费用更低 ,现将香蕉免耕更新技术介绍如下。1　清理病毒病残株　　应用免耕更新新技术时 ,新植蕉苗和老头蕉有 1个月左右的共同存在期 ,为防止香蕉束顶病和香蕉花叶心腐病等病毒病对新植蕉苗的影响 ,必须遂行检查 ,提前 1个月用香蕉灭芽灵来就地处理这些病毒病植株。2　新香…     

天宝香蕉绿色标准化栽培技术

天宝香蕉是芗城区的传统名果，也是中国绿色食品和福建省名牌农产品，以“天宝香蕉”注册的商标在国内外市场享有较高声誉。为发展农业产业化和确保天宝香蕉的质量与安全，进一步提高市场竞争力，使天宝香蕉生产沿着标准化、区域化、科学化、商品化方向发展，提质增效，并更好地与国际市场接轨，根据福建省质量技术监督局发布的《天宝香蕉标准综合体》（DB35／T134．1-5-2001）的质量、技术规范，结合香蕉生产新技术，将天宝香蕉的标准化栽培技术要点介绍如下。     

Aseptic multiplication of banana from excised floral apices

Most economically important bananas and plantains are large triploid seedless herbs that must be propagated vegetatively by removing small side shoots or "suckers" from the parent plant or by planting seed pieces of larger corms. Consequently, multiplication of stock material is time consuming, Recently, the rapid production of young banana plantlets suitable for use as "seed" material has been described. Vegetative shoot apices were isolated and multiplied using aseptic tissue culture techniques. Although these multiplication systems, once established, can produce thousands of plants in a relatively short period of time, their establishment necessitates the initial sacrifice of an individual specimen, which may not always be desirable or prudent should a limited parent stock be available. We describe here the production and multiplication of rooted banana plantlets from the isolation and culture of terminal floral apices.     

广粉1号粉蕉的选育及示范推广

广粉1号粉蕉是从广东汕头澄海盐鸿镇收集经鉴评的优良粉蕉品系，具有假茎高大粗壮、果指长大、产量高、品质优的特点。其假茎高426cm，假茎中部粗63．7cm；果指长16．9cm，果指粗（周长）14．1cnl；平均株产29．4kg，比其他粉蕉品种高11．8％以上。     

香蕉叶斑病的研究进展

近几年来,随着国内外技术壁垒的逐步建立,香蕉叶斑病逐渐成为制约国内香蕉市场开放的一个重要的因素,对其病原菌的各项基础研究是充分了解病原-寄主互作及其抗病机制研究的前提。根据国内外近年来香蕉叶斑病的研究概况,对香蕉叶斑病的历史、主要症状、病原菌的分类及生物学特性、病原菌的分离、监测和鉴定技术、病害的流行条件及防治方法进行了综述。认为,目前为了提高国际市场的地位,对外来有害生物进行高效预防,国内外对香蕉叶斑病研究的重点集中在对病害的早期检测和有效预防上;在对病原和作物互作机制的研究方面,根据其他病原菌的研究模式,应用分子生物学技术和传统的植物病理学研究方法结合,在理论和实践上进行相互论证,是推进香蕉叶斑病深入研究的重点。     

香蕉优良品种贵妃蕉

香蕉栽培品种有很多类型，如香蕉、大蕉、龙牙蕉、粉蕉等,从香蕉种质资源中发掘一些优异的种质，并加以利用,能丰富香蕉的商品类型，满足人们对香蕉的需要，同时也可增加香蕉物种抵抗各种毁灭性病虫害的能力。     

香蕉高效组培快繁技术的研究

【目的】改良传统的香蕉组培快繁技术提高优良种苗繁育效率。【方法】通过香蕉外植体的选取和芽诱导处理方法、芽的分化及培养、丛生芽壮芽处理、生根培养、组培苗栽培获得健康幼苗的技术过程进行优化改良。【结果】对传统吸芽处理及培养方法进行改良,使每个吸芽材料第一代出芽数量达26.4个,比传统处理方法第1代出芽数量(2.2个)提高效率12倍;生产相同数量的组培苗生产周期与传统处理法相比缩短3代。优化了不定芽分化培养基6-BA浓度和生根培养基中蔗糖的浓度,建议芽分化培养基中6-BA最适浓度为4 mg·L-1;生根培养基蔗糖最适浓度为40 g·L-1。利用椰糠、泥炭土和红壤土三种栽培基质培育组培苗,椰糠处理的幼苗叶数、株高和假茎基部直径、植株根干重和地上部干重各生长参数均显著高于泥炭土和红壤土处理,可作为重要的无土栽培介质而广泛应用。【结论】研究为提高香蕉组培快繁效率及培育健康优良种苗提供了实用指南,有利于香蕉产业的可持续发展。     

Physiological and biochemical studies on chilling-injury of banana

Storage of banana fruits at low temperature was unsuccessful due to chilling-injury. Titratable acidity and respiration of banana fruits remained lower at 5°C than at room temperature and accompanied the prevention of ripening and chilling-injury. Dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) was the only major phenolic constituent in banana peel; low temperature might induce its oxidation to dark coloured substances.     

香蕉增殖培养培养基配方的优化

以香蕉品种巴西为试材,利用正交试验设计方法优化香蕉继代培养的培养基配方,提出有效芽指数的概念并用以评价继代培养的效果。结果表明:(1)40g/L的蔗糖既有利于不定芽的增殖,又能控制带叶鞘芽的比例,提高有效芽指数。(2)组合6-BA1.0mg/L+Ad5.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+40g/L蔗糖增殖有效芽指数(2.7436)最高,组合6-BA3.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+60g/L蔗糖生根有效芽指数(1.5588)最高。     

“天宝香蕉”丰产栽培技术

芗城区是福建省香蕉老主产区,栽培历史悠久。以“天宝香焦”为代表的芗城香蕉以其肉甜、味香、无心、皮薄等特点弛名中外。改革开放以来,随着农村经济体制改革的深入发展,全区农业种植结构有了较大幅度的调整,香蕉生产迅速发展。据１９９８年统计,全区香蕉种植面积１９８公顷,总产量３８０１８吨,分别占水果总面积、总产量的４３０９％和６１６７％。香蕉生产已成为我区农民致富奔小康的主要财源和地方财政收入的重要渠道。但是,长期以来,由于沿袭传统的栽培技术,我区香蕉平均单产一直徘徊在１５ｔ／ｈｍ２,形成了虽有上等的…     

The post-harvest ripening of water stressed banana fruits

SUMMARY

Maintaining banana fruit in a low humidity environment accelerated fruit ripening. This was reflected in an earlier increase in respiration and ethylene production and more advanced peel colour and pulp sugars. At the end of the trial the fruit kept in low humidity were yellow with green tips (stage 5) whereas those kept at high humidity were still green (stage 1-2). Fruit kept at low humidity did not show a large increase in pulp ethylene production compared with the fruits stored at high humidity. This difference occurred despite a large increase in the 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) content of both samples, with the low humidity fruit preceding the high by two days. The peel ethylene production of the low humidity stored fruit increased dramatically as the fruit ripened, coinciding with an increase in ACC. The ACC oxidase activity of the peel reflected the ethylene production with a large increase in the low humidity stored fruit and a later, smaller increase in the high humidity stored fruit. The ACC oxidase activity of the pulp of both low and high humidity stored fruit increased gradually during storage. The changes in ethylene production are discussed with reference to banana ripening being regarded as co-ordinated by pulp ethylene production while the peel is passive, depending on pulp ethylene production for degreening.     

Hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes during banana ripening

The relative activities of 5 hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, viz. alpha-amylase, starch phosphorylase, acid phosphatase, peroxidase and catalase, increased considerably in 3 cultivars of banana fruits stored for 5 weeks at 20°C. An upsurge in the activities of all the enzymes, having as a maximum about 1.2–19.1 times their initial level, was observed during the ripening at 20°C. The 3 banana cultivars differed greatly in the activities of all the 5 enzymes studied.