The effect of plant density and day-length on growth and development in the carnation

Carnation plants cultivar ‘White Sim’ were grown in containers arranged to simulate the aerial environment of bed-grown crops. The effects of 2 plant densities (9 plants and 100 plants m^?2) and 2 day-lengths (natural days and continuous light) were recorded on the growth of individual plants. The reduction in yield of flowers per plant at high density was greater than could be accounted for simply by a reduction in light intensity. An interaction between light intensity and intra-plant competition is proposed as an explanation of this effect. Continuous light had little effect on the growth and flowering of 2nd and 3rd generation shoots grown at high density.     

不同有机酸对香石竹切花保鲜效果的影响试验

以2%蔗糖溶液为对照,在对照中分剐加入50mg／L水杨酸、50mg／L苯甲酸＋50mg／L山梨酸和100mg／1．山梨酸的保鲜液保鲜香石竹鲜切花。结果表明,这5个处理都能增加花朵鲜重,促进花朵开放,增加叶片叶绿素和花瓣蛋白质含量,延长花朵寿命,提高观赏价值。含有50mg／L苯甲酸＋50mg／L山梨酸保鲜液比单独使用水杨酸和山梨酸效果好。     

钾肥对草莓产量和品质的影响

试验表明:对草莓施用钾肥可显著提高产量和品质;氯化钾和硫酸钾配施的增产效果优于单施氯化钾或硫酸钾,最佳组合为2∶1(K2O);单施硫酸钾的肥效优于氯化钾。     

短截和灌水对砀山酥梨花芽萌发的效应初探

冬季对人为“暖冬”条件下砀山酶梨进行“灌水”、“短截配合灌水”、“短截”处理,结果表明：3种处理均能提高砀山酥梨的花芽萌发率和花序平均花朵数。“短截配合灌水”的效果最好,可作为“暖冬”年份保证砀山酶梨花芽及时萌发的关键技术措施。     

施用有机肥对凯特杏果实品质和产量的影响

以12年生的凯特杏为试材,连续3年进行了施有机肥处理对其果实品质和产量的影响试验,结果表明,在凯特杏果园施肥管理中应注重有机肥施入,即每667 m~2施2 800kg有机肥,可保证果实生长发育,增加果园产量和品质。     

密植苹果园施钾肥对产量和品质的影响

通过对密植苹果园的土壤养分进行测定,根据测定结果,进行配方施肥。结果表明,施钾肥能够提高产量、改善果实外观及内在品质,其中以施用NP＋K2SO。的配方肥料,对苹果产量的增加效果最好。     

大樱桃花芽形态分化期的观察

通过徒手切片,在显微镜下观察‘意大利早红‘‘红灯‘‘先锋‘‘拉宾斯‘‘斯太拉‘‘斯帕克里‘‘萨姆‘等7个不同成熟期大樱桃品种的花芽形态分化期,并绘制花芽形态分化示意图.观察结果表明:大樱桃花芽形态分化开始于6月上旬,集中分化期在7-8 月份,且分化速度较快.9月上旬花束状果枝上的花芽分化基本结束.大樱桃花芽分化开始的时期与品种的成熟期没有相关性,与芽体的大小也没有关系.     

摘心方式对日光温室香石竹切花产量及品质的影响

在日光温室内以“恋人”、“紫罗兰”、“香妃”、“魅力”和“玛斯特”5个香石竹品种为试材,进行一次摘心、一次半摘心、二次摘心、二次半摘心4种不同摘心方式处理,测定各处理的切花产量及品质指标.结果表明:随摘心次数的增加,分枝数增加,切花量上升,但切花率下降,花茎变短,花径变小,切花品质下降.摘心方式对不同品种的分枝数、切花量度品质的影响不一致.一次半摘心处理,切花量及切花率较高且品质优良,为多数切花品种的最佳摘心方式.     

氮素营养对切花月季产量的影响研究

研究不同氮素营养水平对切花月季产量的影响,结果表明,氮素对切花月季生产有显著影响。月施氮量为140mg/株时,‘Black Beauty’获得最高产量,其单株年产量达22.20枝,年产量可达320～344枝/m2。氮素水平过高或过低,均严重影响月季生产。适宜的氮肥水平可促进月季侧芽与水枝的萌发与成花,使得养分吸收与光合作用增强,从而促进月季的生长发育,提高产量。     

输液滴灌施肥对龙眼产量及品质的影响试验

以桂香龙眼品种为试材,开展输液滴灌施肥对龙眼产量及品质的影响试验。结果表明：输液滴灌施肥显著提高了果实品质,单果重、单株产量、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量等指标均优于常规土施。输营养液和输复合肥处理的比常规土施处理的单果重分另q提高了20．62％、25．53％;单株产量分别提高了17．90％、29．44％;可溶性固形物含量分别提高了18．15％、11．40％;可溶性糖含量分别提高了19．43％、7．24‰     

葡萄扦插条质量对苗木质量的影响

为探讨葡萄插条质量对苗木质量的影响,以赤霞珠葡萄不同长度和粗度的插条为试材,进行扦插育苗试验。结果表明,苗木生物量随插条粗度和长度的增加而增加。长30cm的粗插条(S30),其苗木总生物量、枝条生长量和根系质量显著优于其他组合,其次是长20cm粗插条(S20)和长30cm的中粗插条(M30)组合。细而短(10cm)的插条(L10)苗木质量最差。随插条长度和粗度增加,插条的淀粉含量增加并与苗木根系淀粉含量呈正相关(r=0.95);起垄比平畦和沟植春季地温回升快,光合能力和相应部位生物量均比其他2种种植方式高。采用长度20cm以上、直径超过7.4mm的枝条育苗质量较好。     

The effect of chilling,defoliation and hydrogen cyanamide on dormancy release,bud break and fruiting of Anna apple cultivar

The effect of defoliation (DEF) alone or combined with hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on dormancy state, fruit quality and yield of Anna apple cultivar was studied. Trees were manually defoliated on three successive dates, November 15th, December 1st and December 15th. The flower buds (FB) entered the endodormancy synchronized with vegetative buds (VB) for most of the treatments. Most of the treatments terminated endodormancy between January 27th and February 8th during the season 2004/2005 and between January 18th and February 8th during the season 2005/2006. The treatments were effective in dormancy release of FB and somewhat with VB. Defoliation on November 15th + HC recorded the lowest chilling accumulation needed to reach 50% bud break. All the treatments exceeded the control considering the percentage of flower (FBB) and vegetative bud break (VBB) either in the lab or at the field. Growing degree hours and the number of days required to reach each stage of fruiting were differed between the two studied seasons. The control and DEF on December 15th exceeded all the treatments regarding initial fruit set percentage (IFS). The defoliation treatments alone gave the highest yield (kg/tree). Defoliation + HC treatments gave the best fruit quality, while the control gave the least values.     

环绕滴灌施肥对苹果产量、品质和水分利用的影响

通过2年对果树环绕滴灌施肥与畦田灌冲施肥的效果研究表明,苹果采用环绕滴灌施肥技术具有很大的节水增产潜力,在比畦灌对照节约灌水37%、节约纯养分7%～15%的条件下,产量增加34.1%～45.1%,水分利用效率增加1.2～1.5kg/m3,滴施"圣诞树"水溶肥处理的果实品质明显提高。因此,在果树生产中推荐采用环绕滴灌施肥,萌芽期滴施水溶肥(20-20-20)11kg/667m2、果实膨大前期滴施(19-8-27)20kg/667m2、膨大后期滴施(16-8-34)20kg/667m2,每次灌水30～35m3/667m2,可获较高的产量和水分利用效率。     

薄膜温室葡萄花芽分化规律的研究

通过对薄膜温室2～4年生巨峰、无核白鸡心葡萄整个生育期花芽分化的观察,研究薄膜温室葡萄花芽分化的规律。结果表明,巨峰与无核白鸡心在早期升温条件下,花芽分化比例低,二轴分化程度较浅,不能形成完整的花芽;花芽的形成与树体的营养状况有关。花芽分化开始时磷素水平下降明显,蛋白质含量也有下降,二轴分化期后开始回升,磷素水平也显著提高;更新后花芽的分化与叶龄有关,当叶龄达15d时,开始出现花序原基,叶龄达27d时出现二轴分化期,二轴分化盛期为叶龄46d,花芽分化率平均为91.1%。温室巨峰、无核白鸡心葡萄栽培时,花芽需要靠更新后的新梢形成,因此,加强更新后的新梢管理是达到稳产的关键。     

痕量灌溉条件下不同施肥量对甜椒产量和品质的影响

为探索痕量灌溉条件下甜椒适宜的施肥量,以甜椒‘京甜3号’为试验材料,研究春季日光温室栽培条件下,痕量灌溉条件下不同施肥量对甜椒生长、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,常规施肥量下降25%处理产量最高,与常规施肥量和施肥量0处理相比,产量分别增加8%和27%;与常规施肥量相比,Vc含量提高8%,硝酸盐含量降低43%,品质有所提高。综合产量和品质指标,在该试验条件下,认为常规施肥量下降25%,即每次施肥112.5kg/hm2能够获得甜椒高产优质。     

改善树体结构对提高龙眼产量和品质的影响试验

通过培育不同树形,并对郁闭的龙眼果园进行疏枝、间伐试验。结果表明,建立高光效树体结构,减少郁闲果园株数,能有效改善果园通风透光条件、提高产量和果实品质;林华果场试验因疏枝改造后树高降低,冠径扩大,单株产量比对照增加121kg,果实品质显著提高;密龙果场试验园间伐后,虽然总产量略有降低,但是667m2产值比对照增加687．8元。通过调查不同果园的龙眼产量和树体结构,得到龙眼产量与树体结构相关性回归方程为Y=-60．98＋0．28X1＋3．90x2＋2．29X3。     

‘晚棱’脐橙及其芽变材料南瓜状脐橙果实品质综合评价

以‘晚棱’脐橙及其芽变材料南瓜状脐橙果实为试材,连续3年测定其发育过程中不同时期的横径、纵径、果形指数、单果重、果皮厚度、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比、维生素C含量等指标。采用主成分分析法对‘晚棱’和南瓜状脐橙上述10个指标进行分析,综合评价二者的果实品质。结果表明,提取出2个主成分可以反映‘晚棱’和南瓜状脐橙果实品质指标85.843%的信息,根据综合得分式计算,南瓜状脐橙在果实成熟中后期的果实品质优于‘晚棱’。     

桃叶片再生不定芽的研究

以桃栽培品种曙光、金童5号和甜桃王试管苗叶片为外植体,研究了基本培养基、植物生长调节剂种类及质量浓度组合、基因型和试管苗继代次数等因素对叶片再生的影响。结果表明,适宜暗培养的培养基为LP+1.5mg·L-1TDZ+0.15mg·L-1NAA;光培养基为LP+0.5mg·L-1TDZ+0.3mg·L-1KT+0.3mg·L-1NAA和LP+0.6mg·L-1TDZ+0.3mg·L-1KT+0.4mg·L-12,4-D;金童5号和曙光具有较强的再生能力,再生率分别为21.8%和14.5%;曙光和金童5号试管苗继代第1～11次叶片的再生能力与继代前3次愈伤组织相比形成率较高;曙光再生苗在培养基1/2MS+0.5mg·L-1NAA上生根率为100%,平均生根条数为7.9。     

主干形桃树对光截获能力和果实产量品质的影响

以6a生八月脆桃为试材,在果实成熟期观测分析了2种树形(主干形和开心形)对光截获能力和果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明,2种树形同一层次的平均单果质量、着色指数、光洁度差异不显著;果实硬度和可溶性固形物有显著差异,果实硬度表现为主干形﹥开心形,可溶性固形物则表现为开心形﹥主干形。对光截获能力的影响表现为主干形>开心形;叶面积指数、果实产量指标均表现为主干形高于开心形;果实产量是开心形的2.11倍。桃树主干形是高光效、高产树形。     

Influence of cutting position and temperature during rooting on adventitious root formation and axillary bud break of Stephanotis floribunda

Stock plants were grown in a glasshouse under standard growing conditions. Single-node leafbud cuttings were excised and numbered according to the position on the stock plant. Rooting took place at basal temperatures of 17,20 or 23°C and at different durations at 17 or 20°C followed by 23°C. The rooting period lasted 9 weeks.

The temperature of 17°C for 9 weeks completely suppressed root formation. A temperature of 20°C was decisive for root formation. The optimal rooting temperature was higher than 23°C. Temperature treatments of 17 or 20°C for 2–4 weeks only suppressed rooting slightly compared with the 23°C treatment. Cutting position on the stock plant affected the number of roots formed per cutting but not the rooting percentage. Best rooting was observed in cuttings from the middle part of the stock plant.

Axillary bud break was accelerated with increasing rooting temperature and decreasing duration of the lower temperatures. With increasing cutting position number (numbered from top to base), axillary bud break was considerably delayed.

Temperature treatments which delayed root formation also delayed axillary bud break. On the other hand, the cutting position on the stock plant, which had only a minor effect on the speed of root formation, had a pronounced effect on the speed of axillary bud break.