Protective immunity against enteric septicaemia in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), following controlled exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri

Protective immunity against enteric septicaemia of catfish (ESC) following immunization with Edwardsiella ictaluri bacterins and exposure to live E . ictaluri was investigated. Mean cumulative percentage survival was significantly higher ( P 0.05) in controlled live vaccinates (100%) than in immersion and oral bacterin vaccinates (68.3% and 50.0%, respectively). Bactericidal activity against E . ictaluri by peritoneal macrophages from controlled live vaccinates (85.9%) was significantly greater ( P 0.05) than bactericidal activity of macrophages from immersion bacterin vaccinates (71.4%) or non-vaccinates (68.1%). No significant ( P > 0.05) difference was found in the bactericidal activity of macrophages from oral bacterin vaccinates and macrophages from controlled live vaccinates. The E . ictaluri -specific antibody response of controlled live (0.08 OD) and immersion bacterin vaccinates (0.11 OD) was significantly higher ( P 0.05) than that of oral bacterin vaccinates and non-vaccinates (0.01 OD) 15 days post-vaccination. A significantly higher antibody response was seen in controlled live vaccinates (0.17 OD), when compared to other vaccinates or non-vaccinates 33 days after vaccination. Neither immersion nor oral bacterins protected the vaccinates against ESC. Controlled live E . ictaluri immunization of channel catfish resulted in production of specific antibodies, increased macrophage bactericidal activity and protection against ESC.     

低温胁迫对罗非鱼血液生化、免疫及抗氧化指标的影响

研究4个温度T20(20℃)、T16(16℃)、T12(12℃)和T10(10℃)对90日龄尼罗罗非鱼生化、免疫及抗氧化指标的影响。结果显示,水温降至16℃时,与对照组(T20)比较,罗非鱼血清总蛋白、总胆固醇、白蛋白含量极显著降低(P0.01),血清球蛋白含量和脾脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著降低(P0.05),脾脏过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P0.05)。水温降至12℃时,与对照组(T20)比较,血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量与脾脏总抗氧化力极显著降低(P0.01),血清球蛋白、总胆固醇含量与脾脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著降低(P0.05),血清尿素含量显著上升(P0.05),血糖含量极显著上升(P0.01)。水温降至10℃时,与对照组(T20)比较,罗非鱼血清中白蛋白、总胆固醇含量和脾脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性极显著降低(P0.01),血清中总蛋白、甘油三酯含量和脾脏过氧化氢酶活性水平显著降低(P0.05),血清中尿素含量极显著上升(P0.01),血糖含量极显著上升(P0.01),脾脏总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P0.05)。试验结果表明,罗非鱼的生化、免疫及抗氧化指标均随着温度的降低发生改变,与低温胁迫致罗非鱼昏迷及死亡有关。     

Causes of death and disease in cats based on 1969-1982 autopsy statistics

The post mortem investigation of 4561 cats during 14 years is analysed according to the diagnosis. The age of the cats necropsied ranged from 1 day to 22 years, with an average of 3,3 years. The sex distribution was about 1:1. The most common disease is feline panleucopenia (16,6%) followed by traumata (11,5%), disorders of the urinary tract (7,0%), feline infectious peritonitis (6,0%), disorders of the circulatory system (5,8%), and diseases of the digestive tract (5,3%). The majority of kittens died of virus diseases, mainly feline panleucopenia. Feline leucosis is found among all groups of age. In middle aged animals (5-10 years) feline leucosis and diseases of the urinary tract are the main causes of death. Cats older than eight years show a high rate of tumor incidence, especially those of non lymphatic origin. Among siamese cats congestive cardiomyopathy is very common. A sexual disposition is notable for the feline urologic syndrome, occurring predominantly in male individuals.     

Ⅱ型草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP4、VP35蛋白多克隆抗体制备及其免疫原性分析

为建立针对Ⅱ型草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)的血清学检测方法,分别构建了GCRV JX02株外衣壳蛋白VP4、VP35的原核重组表达质粒PGEX-4T-3-S6、PGEX-4T-3-S11,用纯化的重组蛋白r VP4、r VP35分别免疫小鼠制得相应的多克隆抗体,用间接ELISA方法测定2种抗体的效价,用Western Blot鉴定抗体的特异性。SDS-PAGE分析细菌表达的r VP4、r VP35大小分别约为98ku和61ku,且都主要以包涵体的形式存在;间接ELISA方法测定制备的抗体效价分别约为1:4×105和1:106;Western Blot结果显示,制备的2种多克隆抗体都既能够识别原核表达的重组蛋白,又能够识别JX02毒株上的对应蛋白,并且发现感染JX02的草鱼血清中存在结合VP4、VP35的相应抗体。本研究制备的2种多克隆抗体都具有良好的生物学特性,并且这2种重组蛋白作为相应抗体捕获原可以用于通过检测抗病毒抗体来确诊草鱼是否感染Ⅱ型GCRV。本研究将为GCRV主要流行株血清学检测方法的建立以及VP4、VP35蛋白相关功能研究奠定基础。     

Etiology and occurrence of periodic eye inflammation of horses in the area of Berlin

Over 130 cases of equine periodic ophthalmia (p.o.), which were treated as in-patients at the Equine Clinic of the Free University of Berlin in the last 35 years, were examined statistically in relation to the age and gender of the animals involved as well as to the development of the illness and the season in which it arose. As regards aetiology, the extraction of 71 affected Trotters was investigated. Antibodies to toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and intestinal parasites were found only in some of the patients. Younger animals, aged between one and four years, and male animals (63.6%) were predominantly affected. The results of the examinations of faeces showed no correlation between cases of p.o. and a vermination of the horses. The examinations for antibodies to toxoplasmosis gave no indication of a participation of the toxoplasmas in the aetiology of recurrent uveitis. In contrast, the results of the examinations for antibodies to leptospirosis, of which 58.8% were positive, showed a seven to ten times higher infection than in healthy horses in Berlin. Breed analysis showed that in certain breeds of Trotters and warm-blooded horses, p.o. illnesses were frequent, supporting the hypothesis that the occurrence of p.o. is due to a hereditary, allergic reaction, triggered by various factors, in particular an infection without clinical signs.     

Experimental infection and horizontal transmission of Piscirickettsia salmonis in freshwater-raised Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Experimental infections with Piscirickettsia salmonis via intraperitoneal (IP), oral (PO) and gill (GS) routes were compared, and the importance of physical contact in the horizontal transmission of this organism was investigated. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under-yearling parr raised in fresh water were used in this study. Samples of liver, kidney, spleen, gill and brain were collected weekly for 5 weeks after challenge, and were examined using the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique (IFAT). The pathogen was transmitted horizontally to fish with and without physical contact. However, transmission of P. salmonis occurred significantly more rapidly among fish with physical contact. Mortalities occurred in 50% of fish experimentally challenged with P. salmonis and their cohabitants. The estimates of the relative risk of dying demonstrated that fish challenged by the IP and GS routes had a significantly higher probability of dying than fish challenged by the PO route ( P < 0.005). Contact cohabitants with infected fish had a higher probability of death than non-contact cohabitants ( P < 0.005). The sequential studying using IFAT indicated that a haematogenous pattern of infection occurred among fish infected by oral and gill routes, or by cohabitation. This was different from the capsular (serosal) infection pattern observed in intraperitoneally inoculated fish. Piscirickettsia salmonis was observed within the cytoplasm of leucocytes and renal tubules, the latter indicating that elimination of this pathogen through the urine may be possible. Aeromonas salmonicida was also detected (by IFAT) in some of the fish exposed to P. salmonis , suggesting that P. salmonis may cause immunosuppression, and thus, increase the susceptibility of the host to other pathogens.     

抗哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌三联卵黄抗体的制备及体外抑菌效果的研究

为研究三联特异性卵黄抗体对哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌的体外抑菌效果,通过制备哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌与副溶血弧菌三联灭活疫苗,免疫蛋鸡。收集鸡蛋制备卵黄抗体并检测其效价、纯度和特异性。通过免疫荧光、扫描电镜和体外抑菌实验初步探究其制备的三联特异性卵黄抗体对三种弧菌的体外抑菌效果。结果显示,ELISA检测特异性卵黄抗体效价高达1:51200,并维持5周;SDS-PAGE对分离纯化的卵黄抗体分析显示,随着纯化步骤的进行,卵黄抗体中的蛋白杂带逐渐减少,纯度变高。免疫荧光和免疫印迹实验表明,特异性卵黄抗体与抗原的结合具有较高的特异性。扫描电镜进一步观察发现,相比非特异性卵黄抗体,特异性卵黄抗体处理过的弧菌,菌体互相黏附在一起,菌体细胞表面粗糙,细胞壁破损。在体外抑菌实验中,特异性卵黄抗体对弧菌具有明显的抑制效果,且抑制作用呈现剂量依赖性。综上所述,本研究制备的三联特异性卵黄抗体能够与哈维氏弧菌、溶藻弧菌和副溶血弧菌发生特异性结合,通过体外实验发现,卵黄抗体通过凝集和黏附,破坏菌体细胞的完整性,从而发挥抑菌作用。     

抗鲤疱疹Ⅱ型病毒卵黄抗体制备及其功能鉴定

为制备抗鲤疱疹Ⅱ型病毒(CyHV-2)的卵黄抗体,探索防治异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)鳃出血病的新方法和途径,本研究利用原核表达系统产生具免疫原性的重组CyHV-2-ORF72衣壳蛋白,纯化后免疫蛋鸡;二次免疫后采用间接ELISA法抽检免疫蛋的特异性卵黄抗体(IgY)含量,收集抗体效价...     

The effect of dietary vitamin K (phylloquinone and menadione) levels on the vertebral formation in mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus

SUMMARY: The effect of different dosages of vitamin K, either as phylloquinone or menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), on vertebrae formation during growth of mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus was investigated. Diets without vitamin K caused a significantly higher incidence of bone deformity in fish than diets supplemented with MSB or phylloquinone ( P < 0.01). These results indicate that vitamin K is essential for mummichog. A massive dose of MSB caused a high incidence of bone deformity compared with a lower dose, while an increased dose of phylloquinone brought about no significant difference in deformity incidence. The vertebral deformity was significantly higher ( P < 0.01) in fish fed a vitamin K-free diet (Control Group) and MSB-supplemented diet (Group MSB25) compared to fish fed a phylloquinone-supplemented diet (Group PK1). These results indicate that phylloquinone is more suitable than MSB as a vitamin K source in fish feed.     

浒苔多糖对华贵栉孔扇贝血淋巴中SOD酶和溶菌酶活性的影响

于华贵栉孔扇贝体内注射了0.1%,0.25%,0.5%3个不同浓度的浒苔多糖后,在24,48,72 h分别测定了华贵栉孔扇贝血淋巴中SOD酶和溶菌酶活力。结果表明:0.1%和0.25%实验组扇贝血淋巴中SOD酶活仅在注射24h后显著地高于对照组(P<0.05),而0.5%实验组在注射24 h后极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而且在注射48h和72 h后仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.1%实验组对扇贝血淋巴中溶菌酶的作用无显著影响,而0.25%和0.5%实验组对扇贝血淋巴中溶菌酶活力在不同测定时间都表现出明显的促进作用,其中0.5%实验组对血细胞中溶菌酶作用效果极显著(P<0.01);说明浒苔多糖具有增强华贵栉孔扇贝免疫活性的作用。     

A3α肽聚糖对凡纳对虾幼体生长及抗病毒感染力的影响

用含不同量的A3α肽聚糖(PG)(0.005%、0.01%、0.1%)的幼体饵料投喂凡纳对虾幼体,另在育苗水体中添加不同水平(0.005mg·mL-1、0.01mg·mL-1、0.05mg·mL-1)PG浸浴并以投喂不添加PG的幼体饵料的实验组作为对照,另设投喂活饵的实验组作参考,分别考察Z1-M1期、M1-PL1期、Z1-PL1期幼体的成活率,M1期、PL1期幼体体长,PL1期幼体体重,另外,PL1期仔虾经7d饲养后,检测体内酚氧化酶(PO)活性,并用白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)料投喂感染。结果显示:与投喂不添加PG幼体饵料组相比,在Z1-M1期,活饵组、0.01%PG添加量的幼体饵料组、0.005mg·mL-1PG的浸浴组幼体的成活率有极显著(P<0.01)提高,而在Z1-PL1、M1-PL1期,各实验组除0.05mg·mL-1浸浴组外均有极显著地(P<0.01)提高;各实验组除0.01mg·mL-1、0.05mg·mL-1PG浸浴组外,M1期幼体体长、PL1期幼体体重也有显著(P<0.01)增长,且各实验组PL1期幼体都有极显著(P<0.01)增长;各实验组仔虾PO活力均有极显著(P<0.01)提高;各实验组除0.1%PG添加量的幼体饵料组外,感染WSSV后仔虾的存活率有不同程度地提高。     

Epidemiology and clinical aspects of FIV infection in Bavaria]

In a comprehensive epidemiological study at the I. Medizinische Tierklinik at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich within the last two years, the spread and frequency of FIV infection as well as the clinical symptoms of FIV positive cats were evaluated. 5129 serum samples from clinically healthy and ill cats were tested by means of an ELISA test for antibodies to FIV. The infection is widespread in Bavaria. 116 cats, that is 2.3%, were tested FIV positive. 77% of the FIV positive cats were male. The average age was 6.5 years.     

细鳞鱼摄食和生长最适水温的研究

在室内控温水族箱中设6℃、11℃、16℃和21℃四个水温组,饲养7周,研究了初始体重为1.72±0.24g的细鳞鱼（Brachymystax lenok）幼鱼摄食和生长的最适水温。结果表明,16℃时细鳞鱼的特定生长率（SGR）、日增重（DWG）、食物转化率（FCE）和摄食率（FI）显著高于其他处理组。这些参数与水温（T）之间的相关关系可用二次回归曲线来描述,特定生长率与水温的回归方程为SGR=（-2.601）＋（0.887）T＋（-0.027）T2;摄食率与水温的回归方程为FI=（0.111）＋（0.292）T＋（-0.009）T2（P〈0.01,R=0.990）;食物转化率水温的回归方程为FCE=（52.828）＋（11.951）T＋（-0.393）T2。细鳞鱼在11～21℃都可以摄食生长,最适水温为15.20℃～16.43℃。     

细鳞鱼摄食和生长最适水温的研究

在室内控温水族箱中设6℃、11℃、16℃和21℃四个水温组,饲养7周,研究了初始体重为1.72±0.24g的细鳞鱼（Brachymystax lenok）幼鱼摄食和生长的最适水温。结果表明,16℃时细鳞鱼的特定生长率（SGR）、日增重（DWG）、食物转化率（FCE）和摄食率（FI）显著高于其他处理组。这些参数与水温（T...     

壳聚糖及其复合物对三角鲂生长及鱼体成分的影响

研究了壳聚糖及其复合物对钱塘江三角鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)生长及鱼体成分的影响,试验为期60 d。结果显示:添加壳聚糖、壳聚糖复合物A和壳聚糖复合物B均有较好的促长效果;与对照组相比,三角鲂平均体增重分别提高15.91%(P(0.01)、19.19%(P(0.01)和21.65%(P(0.01),饲料系数分别下降13.85%(P(0.01)、16.41%(P(0.01)和17.95%(P(0.01)。添加壳聚糖、壳聚糖复合物A和壳聚糖复合物B使三角鲂肥满度分别较对照提高6.17%(P(0.05)、5.73%(P(0.05)和7.05%(P(0.01),可食部分增加。壳聚糖复合物B使三角鲂肌肉水分下降1.29%(P(0.01);壳聚糖、壳聚糖复合物A和壳聚糖复合物B使肌肉粗蛋白分别提高4.11%(P(0.01)、4.15%(P(0.01)和9.68(P(0.01)。壳聚糖复合物B使肌肉非必需氨基酸含量降低8.21%(P(0.05),使肌肉丝氨酸含量提高16.78%(P(0.05);壳聚糖复合物A和B使肌肉脯氨酸含量分别下降4.30%(P(0.05)和7.17%(P(0.01)。     

弓形虫感染大鼠血清NO水平的研究

为了观察弓形虫病大鼠血清NO水平的变化,探讨NO在弓形虫感染中的作用。我们腹腔注射(2×105)个/ml活的纯化弓形虫速殖子悬液(CF-11纤维素纯化)2ml于SD大鼠。建立了弓形虫病大鼠模型。感染9周后解剖大鼠,应用硝酸还原酶法测定大鼠血清中NO水平,同时建立正常对照组大鼠。结果感染组大鼠血清NO水平为(103.26±37.14)μmol/L,而正常对照组大鼠血清No水平为(81.03±21.46)μmol/L,两组比较,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。     

Treating experimentally induced vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum) in cod, Gadus morhua L., with florfenicol

This study was performed to determine the efficacy of orally administered florfenicol in the treatment of experimentally induced vibriosis (Listonella anguillarum) in cod, Gadus morhua. The L. anguillarum strain HI-610 was used. This strain has a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 0.5 mg L(-1) against florfenicol. Fifteen groups of 40 fish each were challenged by bath with 1.7 x 10(5) CFU mL(-1) for 1 h. Three days following challenge, medication with florfenicol was introduced in 12 of the groups. The dosages used were 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 10 consecutive days in marine or salmonid pellets, 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for five consecutive days in marine pellets or administered at days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 following initiation of treatment. Among challenged unmedicated fish mortality started at day 3 post-challenge reaching a final cumulative mortality of 77% at day 15. The experiment was terminated at day 26. In the medicated groups, the majority of deaths occurred from days 3-7 post-challenge reaching final cumulative mortalities of 31% and 52%, respectively, for the fish given marine and salmonid pellets for 10 consecutive days. The fish treated with medicated marine pellets for five consecutive days and at days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 (sequential feeding) following initiation of treatment had cumulative mortalities of 52% and 38%, respectively. Survival of medicated fish in all groups was significantly (P < 0.005) greater than survival of challenged unmedicated fish. Furthermore, a significant difference (P < 0.001) in survival was found between fish treated for 10 consecutive days using marine pellets and the groups using marine pellets for five consecutive days and salmonid pellets for 10 consecutive days. Twenty four hours following last medication, six fish had mean plasma concentrations of 3.3 +/- 1.7 and 3.5 +/- 2.8 microg mL(-1), respectively, in fish treated for 10 consecutive days using marine and salmonid pellets. Corresponding values for fish treated for five consecutive days and by sequential feeding were 2.2 +/- 2.3 and 1.7 +/- 0.7 microg mL(-1), respectively.     

Paramunization of FeLV-positive cats with PIND-AVI]

84 FeLV-positive cats were continually treated with the paramunity inducer (immunomodulator) PIND-AVI (23 healthy cats once a week, 61 diseased cats up to 3 times a week), the frequency depending on their general condition. The ELISA control tests were repeated after 4 to 6 weeks. Paramunization was continued in cats still viremic until remission of viremia. 21 healthy cats already reacted negatively to the first control ELISA, the 2 others after 8 weeks of paramunization. Within an observation time of 18 to 30 months there were no relapses. 49 of the 61 diseased cats (80.3%) reacted negatively to the first control. 5 cats (8.2%) had died at the beginning of the treatment. 5 cats (8.2%) showed a remission of viremic after being paramunized continually for 7 to 20 weeks. 2 cats (3.3%) remained viremic throughout the observation time (more than 2 years). None of the animals had a relapse. Neither had any of 9 chronically diseased cats, known to have been viremic for 3 to 12 months at the beginning of paramunization. The importance of the results of these paramunization tests for the treatment of various retrovirus infections of human beings and animals is briefly discussed.     

The Efficacy of Inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Combined with Levan/Alum as Vaccine against Photobacteriosis in Cobia,Rachycentron canadum

Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is a major pathogen of cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a primary target species for offshore cage culture in Taiwan. Serum antibody titers as well as efficiency and duration of protection against Phdp were evaluated following intraperitoneal administration of a candidate vaccine prepared with formalin‐inactivated whole cells in combination with levan/alum adjuvants. The results showed vaccinates delayed the disease onset and had significantly (P < 0.05) less mortality than control nonvaccinates during Days 21–105 postvaccination with highest relative percentage of survival (RPS) and antibody titer up to 81.4% and 1:614, respectively. There was a highly significant positive linear correlation between the RPS and antibody titer (R² = 0.841). Long‐lasting and significant protection against Phdp can be achieved with inactivated Phdp plus levan/alum, a potential cobia vaccine against photobacteriosis. Levan/alum complex may represent a promising adjuvant formula for the development of a Phdp vaccine.     

脱脂亮斑扁角水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、营养素沉积率、血清生化指标和消化酶活性的影响

为研究脱脂亮斑扁角水虻幼虫粉(DBSFLM)替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、营养素沉积率、血清生化指标和消化酶活性的影响,本实验选用平均体质量为(1.67±0.01) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼480尾,随机分为4个处理组,分别投喂基础饲料(T0)和实验饲料[脱脂亮斑扁角水虻幼虫粉分别替代鱼粉20%(T20)、40%(T40)和60%(T60)],每个处理组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼,养殖8周。结果显示,随着DBSFLM替代量的增加,黄颡鱼生长呈先增加后降低的趋势;T20组的终末均重、增重率和特定生长率最高,且显著高于T60组;实验组T20和T60的摄食量显著高于对照组和T40组;实验组的腹脂指数、灰分和钙沉积率呈下降趋势,其中T60组的腹脂指数、T40和T60组的灰分和钙沉积率达到显著水平;与对照组T0相比,实验组的肥满度、脏体比、肝体比、肠体比和胃体比、蛋白质、脂肪和磷沉积率及黄颡鱼体蛋白、体脂肪和灰分均没有显著差异;血清胆固醇和甘油三脂显著降低,高密度/低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著升高,实验组T40的胃蛋白酶活性有增加趋势、肠道胰蛋白酶活性显著增加。研究表明,在本实验条件下,脱脂亮斑扁角水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉不影响黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和体组成含量,并可降低腹脂指数、血清甘油三酯、胆固醇含量及灰分、钙的沉积率,还可增加蛋白酶活性,以20%替代比例生长最佳,且优于对照组。