Enzymatic release of phosphate from model substrates and P compounds in soil solution from a peaty podzol

Phosphate in solutions of model esters and polyphosphates (glucose phosphate, inositol hexaphosphate, pyrophosphate, ribonucleic acid, tripolyphosphate and trimetaphosphate) was quantitatively released in <6 h by acid phosphatase or phytase at pH 5.0. Interference from insoluble, ion association complexes formed between protein in the enzymes and the phosphomolybdenum blue during the colorimetric determination of the molybdate reactive phosphorus released was removed by adding dimethyl sulphoxide. Filtered (0.45 μm) soil solution from a peaty soil contained 590 μg dm^–3 total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), of which 13% was molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP), 26% dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and 61% dissolved condensed phosphorus (DCP). When acid phosphatase was added to the soil solution under the conditions used to hydrolyse the model compounds, MRP increased to 54% of the TDP in about 10 h and then remained constant. From a mass balance, at least 25% of the DCP was hydrolysed. Incubation of the soil solution at 35°C without enzyme increased MRP to 44% of the TDP, reflecting native enzyme activity. Soil solution containing a higher concentration of TDP (1.27 mg dm^–3) was also obtained. The distribution of MRP, DOP and DCP fractions was similar but acid phosphatase hydrolysed a greater proportion of the P and MRP increased to 64% of the TDP and at least 40% of the DCP was hydrolysed. The results of hydrolysis with phytase were similar to those with acid phosphatase. The protection of part of the DOP or DCP fraction from hydrolysis was likely caused by occlusion within colloids or the existence of P compounds unlike those of the model substrates. Received: 7 January 1996     

Changes in the chemistry of soil solution and acetic-acid extractable P following different types of freeze/thaw episodes

Freezing significantly influences the amount and chemical form of extractable soil phosphorus and, therefore, has important consequences regarding plant nutrient availability. Much of the current evidence relies on field-based observations and tends to be rather contradictory. The present work reports the specific effects various freezing episodes have on phosphorus availability. Experimental treatments included the freezing rate and the time soil remained frozen together with the number of freeze/thaw cycles. These laboratory incubations used two soils, an iron humus podzol and a peaty podzol, sub-samples of which were equilibrated at three different soil-moisture contents. Concentrations of phosphorus in soil solutions and acetic acid extracts (Ac-P) were measured. Freezing had the greatest effect on the organic (Op) horizon of the peaty podzol, where the amounts of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and Ac-P increased from 0.58 to 3.21 and from 11.8 to 19.3 mg P kg^?1, respectively. TDP in soil solution was subdivided into three broad categories, dissolved (molybdate) reactive (MRP), organic (DOP) and condensed (DCP). The rather variable effect that freeze/thaw episodes had on these fractions highlighted the problems associated with attributing the ‘freezing effect’ to any single process.     

(土娄)土磷素淋移的形态研究

利用设在(?)土上的两个长期肥料定位试验所形成的不同土壤磷素水平试验小区的土壤,用原状土柱模拟灌溉(降水)进行了磷的淋失研究。结果表明,(?)土中磷淋移的主要形态为可溶性磷,平均占淋失全磷量的82.5%,颗粒磷占17.9%;在可溶性磷中,以钼酸盐反应磷居多,平均占全磷量的77.1%,可溶性有机磷只占全磷的13.8%;淋失到20cm以下的全磷浓度最高可达3.95 mg L-1,可溶性全磷最高达3.57 mg L-1; 在历时60d,相当于357mm(约为年灌溉降雨总和的36%)的灌溉量时,最大淋失总磷量达到1082 g hm-2;13次淋滤实验结果显示,渗滤液中钼酸盐反应磷、可溶性全磷和全磷浓度与土壤耕层Llsen-P呈显著正相关。     

Assessing the bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus in pasture and cultivated soils treated with different rates of nitrogen fertiliser

A proportion of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in soil leachates is readily available for uptake by aquatic organisms and, therefore, can represent a hazard to surface water quality. A study was conducted to characterise DOP in water extracts and soil P fractions of lysimeter soils (pasture before and after, and cultivated soil after leaching to simulate a wet winter-autumn) from a field trial. Data on DOP in drainage waters from the field trial were also generated. In water extracts, used as a surrogate for soil solution and drainage water, 70-90% of the total dissolved P (TDP) concentration was made up of DOP, of which 40% was hydrolysable by phosphatase enzymes. Proportions of hydrolysable DOP to TDP in drainage waters of the field trial were less than in water extracts due to enhanced DRP loss via dung inputs, but still large at 35% of DOP. Analysis of lysimeter soils by sequential fractionation indicated that several organic P fractions changed with land use and due to leaching. Further investigation using NaOH-EDTA extracts and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the greatest changes were a decrease in the concentrations of orthophosphate diester P and an increase in orthophosphate monoester P. This was attributed to mineralization by cultivation and plant roots and also to the leaching of mobile diester P. This study suggests that in such soils with a dynamic soil organic P pool, the concentration of readily bioavailable P in soil solution and drainage waters and the potential to impair surface water quality cannot be determined from the DRP concentration alone.     

土壤深度对土磷素淋失的影响

利用渗漏池设施,研究了冬小麦-夏玉米轮作条件下不同土壤深度对土磷素淋失的影响。种植8季作物结果表明,对深度小于80 cm 的渗漏池,淋出土体的累积渗滤液量和累积全磷量随化学磷肥施用量的增加而减少; 随土层深度的增加,淋出土体的渗滤液和磷量均减少,且二者的减少率都很接近,表明磷素淋失主要受通过土体的土壤水分控制。相对于深度小于80 cm的土层,供试土壤的粘化层有效地减少了土壤渗滤液和磷素淋失。各深度渗漏池渗滤液中的磷以可溶态为主,约占全磷的70%左右,颗粒磷约占30%。合理施肥并加强水分管理是土区减少磷素向土壤深层迁移的有效手段。     

洛桑试验站Broadbalk长期小麦试验地排水中磷组分研究

Total P (TP), total participate P (PP), total dissolved P (TDP), molybdate reactive P (MRP) and dissolved organic P (DOP) were determined in waters from pipe-drains (at 65-cm depth) from the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted Research, UK. Average TP and PP exceeded 1 mg L^-1 in about half of the 12 plots receiving superphosphate for the 5 measurements taken between December 2000 and April 2001. Ranging between 33.8% and 87.3% of TP, PP was the largest P fraction in drainage waters, with DOP, ranging from 0.5% to 26.2% of TP, being the smallest fraction. Mean proportions of PP, MRP and DOP in TP in drainage waters were 63.4%, 32.5% and 4.1%, respectively. These findings support previous findings that P losses from soil to drainage waters were much larger than previously thought, and could therefore make a significant contribution to eutrophication.     

Fractions in Drainage Waters from the BroadbalkContinuous Wheat Experiment at Rothamsted

Total P (TP), total particulate P (PP), total dissolved P (TDP), molybdate reactive P (MRP) and dissolved organicP (DOP) were determined in waters from pipe-drains (at 65-cm depth) from the Broadbalk Experiment at RothamstedResearch, UK. Average TP and PP exceeded 1 mg L-1 in about half of the 12 plots receiving superphosphate for the5 measurements taken between December 2000 and April 2001. Ranging between 33.8% and 87.3% of TP, PP was thelargest P fraction in drainage waters, with DOP, ranging from 0.5% to 26.2% of TP, being the smallest fraction. Meanproportions of PP, MRP and DOP in TP in drainage waters were 63.4%, 32.5% and 4.1%, respectively. These findingssupport previous findings that P losses from soil to drainage waters were much larger than previously thought, and couldtherefore make a significant contribution to eutrophication.     

塿土磷素淋移的形态研究

利用设在     

不同耕作方式对紫色水稻土团聚体及有机碳分布的影响

The effect of different tillage systems on the size distribution of aggregates and organic carbon distribution and storage in different size aggregates in a Hydragric Anthrosol were studied in a long-term experiment in Chongqing, China. The experiment included three tillage treatments： conventional tillage with rotation of rice and winter fallow （CT-r） system, no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape （RT-rr） system, and conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape （CT-rr） system. The results showed that the aggregates 0.02-025 mm in diameter accounted for the largest portion in each soil layer under all treatments. Compared with the CT-r system, in the 0-10 cm layer, the amount of aggregates 0.02 mm was larger under the RT-rr system, but smaller under the CT-rr system. In the 0-20 cm layer, the organic carbon content of all fractions of aggregates was the highest under the RT-rr system and lowest under the CT-rr system. The total organic carbon content showed a positive linear relationship with the amount of aggregates with diameter ranging from 0.25 to 2 mm. The storage of organic carbon in all fractions of aggregates under the RT-rr system was higher than that under the CT-r system in the 0-20 cm layer, but in the 0-60 cm soil layer, there was no distinct difference. Under the CT-rr system, the storage of organic carbon in all fractions of aggregates was lower than that under the CT-r system; most of the newly lost organic carbon was from the aggregates 0.002-0.02 and 0.02-0.25 mm in diameter.     

Biodegradation and regeneration of water-soluble carbon in a forest soil: leaching column study

We hypothesized that water-soluble C is a major substrate for microbial activity and studied the susceptibility of water-soluble C both to leaching and to microbial degradation. Soil columns, consisting of A-horizon top soil with and without tree seedlings, were leached every 2 weeks for 20 weeks. Water-soluble material was extracted from the soils before and after the 20-week study. Biodegradability of dissolved organic C (DOC) was assessed by solution incubation. DOC in leachates was constant over the 20 weeks and the extractable C pool declined by 31-40% between the start and end of the experiment. The amount and biodegradability of both leachates and extracts were lower in the presence of seedlings. Water extracts contained 8-17 times more DOC than leachates. Percentage biodegradable DOC was 13-16% in leachates and 18-27% in extracts. A soil C destabilization model was proposed based on the measured pools (particulate, water-extractable, and leachable C) and estimates of soil respiration and microbial biomass from the same soil. Leaching loss accounted for 8-14% of the total C destabilized. Due to its low concentration and biodegradability, we concluded that leachable C was not a significant substrate for heterotrophic soil respiration in the studied system. The role of water-extractable C as a major substrate was less clear, as the regeneration rate of the extractable C in soil is still unknown.     

Sodium bicarbonate as an extractant for soil phosphate III. Effects of the buffering capacity of a soil for phosphate

An index of the buffering capacity for phosphate of a group of soils was obtained by measuring adsorption of phosphate from dilute solutions of calcium chloride. The effect of buffering capacity on the amount of phosphate initially displaced by solutions of sodium bicarbonate and on the amount of secondary adsorption from bicarbonate was then studied. These two effects were separated using a regression procedure in which the soil: solution ratio was the independent variable.As buffering capacity increased the amount of phosphorus initially displaced decreased and the amount of secondary adsorption increased. Both these changes resulted in a decrease in the amount of phosphate in the extract. The effect of buffering capacity was greater with the Olsen method (soil : solution ratio 1 : 20; 30 min) than with the Colwell method (soil : solution ratio 1 : 100; 16 h). The relation between phosphorus extracted and buffering capacity was of a similar shape to that between effectiveness of fertilizer and buffering capacity. However, the first relation depends on the conditions of extraction and the second on the kind of plant grown and on the conditions of growth. Hence the two relations do not necessarily coincide.The effect of buffering capacity on the proportion of added phosphate initially displaced from the soil became more marked as the period of incubation prior to extraction was increased. Bicarbonate soil tests would therefore indicate that, on soils of low buffering capacity, the decrease with time in availability of applied phosphate would be smaller than on soils of high buffering capacity. This effect differs from that observed with plants.     

Variability and relationships between Pb,Cu, and Zn concentrations in soil solutions and forest floor leachates at heavily polluted sites

Seasonal variability of Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations in litter leachates and soil solutions was examined in an afforested zone surrounding a copper smelter in SW Poland. Litter leachates (with zero‐tension lysimeters) and soil solutions (with MacroRhizon suction‐cup samplers, installed at a depth of 25–30 cm) were collected monthly at three sites differing in contamination levels in the years 2009 and 2010 (total Cu: 2380, 439, and 200 mg kg^–1, respectively). Concentrations of Cu in the litter leachate were correlated with dissolved organic C (DOC), whereas Zn and Pb were mainly related to leachate pH. Metal concentrations in the soil solution were weakly influenced by their total content in soils and the monthly fluctuations reached 300, 600, and 700% for Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Metal concentrations in soil solutions (Cu 110–460 μg L^–1; Zn 20–1190 μg L^–1; Pb 0.5–36 μg L^–1) were correlated with their contents in the litter leachates. Chemical speciation, using Visual Minteq 3.0, proved organically‐complexed forms even though the correlations between metal concentrations and soil solution pH and DOC were statistically insignificant. The flux of organically‐complexed metals from contaminated forest floors is believed to be a direct and crucial factor affecting the actual heavy metal concentrations and their forms in the soil solutions of the upper mineral soil horizons.     

Sodium bicarbonate as an extractant for soil phosphate,II. Effect of varying the conditions of extraction on the amount of phosphate initially displaced and on the secondary adsorption

The effects of varying the period of shaking, the concentration of bicarbonate, the pH, and the dryness of the soil on the phosphate extracted by sodium bicarbonate were investigated. A regression procedure in which the soil: solution ratio was the independent variable was used to separate the effects on the amount of phosphate initially displaced from those on the secondary adsorption.Both the amount initially displaced and the amount of secondary adsorption increased with period of extraction. At small soil:solution ratios the effect on displacement was dominant and the net effect was a continuing increase in the amount of phosphate in the extract. At large soil:solution ratios, secondary adsorption eventually predominated and caused a decrease in the amount of phosphate in the extract.Increasing the bicarbonate concentration from 0.01 M to 1.0 M decreased secondary adsorption but had no significant effect on the initial displacement. The effects of changing the concentration were most marked at low concentrations.Increasing the pH of 0.5 M bicarbonate solutions increased the amount of phosphate initially displaced but had no significant effect on secondary adsorption. In the absence of bicarbonate, the effects of pH differed: increasing the pH decreased secondary adsorption. Secondary adsorption was important when the ratio of soil to solution was large and in these cases the net effect of pH on bicarbonate - as measured by difference - was greatest near the pK₂ of carbonic acid.Drying the soil increased the amount of phosphate displaced from the soil after 30 min extraction but the effect was eliminated by extending the period of extraction to 16 h.     

渗育性水稻土渗滤液中的磷组分研究

本试验在太湖地区长江岸边砂质渗育性(漏水型)水稻土上进行,研究在麦稻轮作条件下连续两年施用不同磷肥(每季P 0、30、70、150和300 kg hm-2),稻季各层次土壤溶液中(30、60和90 cm)磷的组分,以探讨磷素在剖面中垂直纵向移动的规律。结果表明:施肥处理在施肥初期提高了30 cm处土壤溶液中溶解磷浓度,对60 cm处溶解磷浓度影响不大,对90 cm处溶解磷浓度没有影响。各处理60 cm和90 cm处土壤溶液中溶解磷的浓度几乎全部超过水体富营养化磷的阈值,故在研究该地区水体富营养化时,要注意渗漏磷排放可能的贡献。特别应指出的是,除6月13日对照处理外,各处理90 cm处土壤溶液中的磷均以溶解有机磷为主,占总溶解磷的56%~100%,表明有机磷(外源加入或内源残留的)比无机磷对环境的潜在威胁将更大。     

Dissolution of rock phosphate in silage leachate

Abstract

Following a favourable crop response to rock phosphate (RP) in a long term fertility trial in DeKalb, IL, an experiment was designed to dissolve RP in silage leachate on the premise that silage has a pH of 4.0 to 4.2 and that once drained of its leachate, it can be used for animal feed. Two types of RP, Brown Sugar RP and Ruhm's RP, having 30% P₂O₅ were dissolved in pure organic acids similar to those present in silage leachates. The amount of dissolved phosphorus (P) from RP in organic acids increased with organic acid:RP ratio. The highest amount of P dissolution was found with butyric acid. Thus, butyric acid with Brown Sugar RP, 2519, 1500, and 710 μg P/g RP were dissolved at 800, 400, and 200 acid:RP ratio, respectively; with Ruhm's RP the values were 3900, 1988, and 835, μg P/g RP, respectively. After dissolution of the two types of RP in the acids, there was an increase in solution pH of 1 to 2 units. Of the three types of silage leachates used, grass silage leachate had the highest acidity and calcium (Ca) concentration followed by high moisture and low moisture corn silage leachates, respectively. Soluble P concentration was five times higher in high moisture corn and grass leachates than in low moisture corn silage leachate. There was a decrease in acidity, Ca, and P content with the number of successive leachings. In low moisture corn silage leachate, 13.9 and 3.05 mg P/g Brown Sugar RP and 14.4 and 3.05 mg P/g Ruhm's RP were solubilized in the 1st and 2nd leaching, respectively. The study shows that corn low moisture silage leachate can dissolve RP efficiently and that it is a good, promising, and environmentally safe method for RP dissolution.     

添加紫云英和水稻秸秆对土壤养分含量和铜形态的影响

  目的  通过分析紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L.）、水稻秸秆对轻度铜污染土壤的主要养分含量以及铜的有效性和各形态的影响,为紫云英、水稻秸秆腐解还田治理轻度铜污染的稻田土壤提供相应的理论支撑。  方法  采用室内培养的方法,设置5个处理,分别为不添加任何有机物料（CK）、添加水稻秸秆（R）、紫云英（G）、水稻秸秆和紫云英质量比3∶1（R3G1）、水稻秸秆和紫云英质量比1∶1（R1G1）。  结果  添加紫云英和水稻秸秆,显著提高主要土壤养分含量。添加紫云英（G）处理土壤全氮和有效磷含量比添加水稻（R）处理分别提高了26.92%和11.46%。添加紫云英（G）处理显著提高土壤可溶性有机氮（P < 0.05）,分别比R3G1和R1G1处理增加8.40%和20.47%。添加水稻秸秆和紫云英（R3G1）处理有助于提高土壤可溶性有机碳（P < 0.05）,分别比单独添加水稻秸秆（R）和紫云英（G）处理增加32.81%和15.94%（P < 0.05）。无论添加紫云英、水稻秸秆以及二者共同添加均显著降低了土壤有效态铜含量,R3G1和R1G1处理土壤有效态Cu含量显著低于单独添加紫云英（G）和水稻秸秆（R）处理（P < 0.05）。添加有机物料（紫云英、水稻秸秆）均使土壤弱酸提取态铜含量显著降低15.45% ~ 23.19%,使土壤残渣态铜含量提高6.08% ~ 11.39%;R3G1处理土壤残渣态铜含量最高,显著高于G和R1G1处理（P < 0.05）。通过冗余分析认为可溶性有机磷和可溶性有机氮与铜有效性和弱酸提取态呈负相关关系,对铜有效性和形态的解释量分别达到61.5%和23.3%。  结论  紫云英和水稻秸秆单独和混合添加到土壤均有助于提高主要土壤养分含量,同时也均能降低土壤有效铜含量,提高铜的稳定性,其中添加水稻秸秆与紫云英质量比为3∶1对铜的稳定效果最佳。     

Extraction of soil phosphorus with calcium chloride solution for prediction of plant availability

Abstract

Soil and vegetative samples of ley and cereals were collected four times during the growing season from field and pot trials with different phosphorus (P) fertilisation levels. The soil samples, dried and of field moisture condition, respectively, were extracted by 0.01M calcium chloride (CaCl₂) at two different soil:extractant ratios (1:2 and 1:10), and analysed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) for content of P. The plant samples were digested in concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) and the P content determined by ICP. Calcium chloride‐extractable P content was lowest in the middle of the growing season, while plant P was highest in the beginning of the season. Phosphorus extracted by CaCl₂ solution was higher at a soil:extractant ratio of 1:10 than at 1:2, and also when drying the soil before extraction. A soil:extractant ratio of 1:2 minimizes the risk of coming too near the limit of determination. However, if organic soils are also to be included, a ratio of 1:10 has to be used in order not to have all the solution absorbed by some types of soils. The solution of ammonium lactate/acetic acid (AL) extracted nearly two powers of ten more P than CaCl₂ solution. There was a good relationship between the methods. If calcareous or very acid soils had been included, a less good relation would have been expected. Plant P content varied more in straw than in grain between different treatments. Measuring CaCl₂‐extractable P with ICP might be able to predict plant uptake of P by plants. This would be a great advantage when using 0.01M CaCl₂ as a universal extradant.     

Influence of temperature and vegetation cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodosol

In this study, the influence of temperature and vegetation cover on soluble inorganic and organic nitrogen in a spodosol from north east Scotland was investigated. Firstly, soil cores were incubated at 5, 10 and 15°C for up to 8 weeks. Net mineralisation was observed at all temperatures with larger rates observed at higher temperatures. In contrast, water extractable dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) displayed no clear trend with time and showed little response to temperature. Secondly, intact cores of the same soil, with and without vegetation, were leached with artificial rain for 6 weeks at 6.5 and 15°C. Temperature and the presence of vegetation interacted to have a significant (P<0.01) effect on the concentration of NO₃⁻ in leachates; highest concentrations were observed in leachates from cores without vegetation at 15°C, whereas lowest concentrations were observed in leachates from cores with vegetation at 6.5°C. In contrast, concentrations of DON and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were significantly (P<0.001) higher in leachates from cores with vegetation than without vegetation and were not affected by temperature. The cumulative amounts of DON and DOC leached from the cores with vegetation were 4 and 2.5 times greater, respectively, than those leached from the cores without vegetation. Comparison of soil solution (extracted by centrifugation at 0–5 and 5–10 cm depth) after leaching for 6 weeks, showed that the upper layer contained more than twice the amount of DON than the 5–10 cm layer and that the difference in concentration between the two depths was enhanced in the presence of vegetation. The results indicate that vegetation is an important source of DON and DOC. However, the removal of vegetation did not lead to an increase in the quantity of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in soil water, but resulted in a change in the dominant N fraction from DON to NO₃⁻. In addition, the results show that DON, in both the incubated and leached cores, did not change as inorganic N was mineralised. This suggests that if water extractable DON was acting as a source of NH₄⁺ or NO₃⁻, then it was being replenished by, and in equilibrium with, a large reserve of organic N. Evidence of such a pool was indirect in the form of additional DON (equivalent to 2 g N m⁻²) being extracted by 0.5 M K₂SO₄.     

Field-based partition coefficients for trace elements in soil solutions

A total of 48 elements was detected in the soil solutions centrifuged from two acid sandy (humus-iron podzol) profiles from southern England. Concentrations ranged from mm for the major ions to mm for trace metals such as U and the rare earth elements. Field-based solid/solution partition coefficients, K_d, were determined by calculating the ratio of the amount of an element extracted by 0.43 m HNO₃ or a neutral salt (0.01 m CaCl₂ or 0.1 m Ba(NO₃)₂) to the concentration in the soil solution. These partition coefficients did not show the expected trend in selectivity. For example, Cd consistently had one of the highest K_d values, higher even than Cu. This was thought to be due in part to the nature of the K_d which reflects a balance between binding to the soil solids and to the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is present at relatively high concentrations (1–20 mm ) in the soil solutions. Because of the underlying functional similarity between metal binding by the solid and dissolved organic matter, the partition coefficient (and hence element mobility) will be relatively insensitive to changes in pH and metal-ion activity in the soil solution.     

太湖地区渗育性水稻土径流中磷组分的研究

本试验于 2 0 0 2年在太湖地区渗育性水稻土上进行 ,研究不同施磷水平下 (P 0、30、70、15 0和30 0kghm-2 )麦稻轮作中土壤径流磷的损失。研究结果表明 :在麦稻轮作期间 ,除最高施磷处理P 30 0kghm-2的径流磷损失达到P 0 75kghm-2 外 ,其余各施肥处理与对照无显著差异。虽然径流损失的磷最多也不足施磷量的 0 1% ;但径流中溶解磷浓度均已超过水体富营养化磷浓度的阈值 ( 0 0 2mgL-1) ,故农田径流携带的磷长期进入水体也会加重水体富营养化。径流携带的磷以产生第一次径流时为最多 ;径流磷中以颗粒磷为主占总磷的 6 0 %以上 ;溶解磷则在 4 0 %以下 ,而溶解磷中以有机磷为主 ,除P 30 0kghm-2 处理外 ,其余处理的径流中溶解有机磷占总溶解磷的 5 2 0 %～ 76 2 %之间。因此 ,仅测定溶解的无机磷作为溶解磷组分 ,必将低估径流溶解磷的数量及其贡献 ;施肥未增加当季径流中溶解有机磷的浓度