辣椒碱类似物的合成及杀虫活性

基于辣椒碱结构,以取代苄胺为原料,经N-酰化反应合成了6个系列204个辣椒碱类似物,其中8个为新化合物。通过核磁共振氢谱 (1H NMR) 对化合物的结构进行了确证。采用叶碟法测定了目标化合物的杀虫活性。结果表明:大部分化合物在10 μg/ 片下对供试的3龄东方黏虫Mythimna separata有较强的毒杀活性,其中化合物 A30 、 D20 、 D30 、 D35 、 E30 和 F30 48 h的致死率达100%,化合物 D19 、 D21 、 D22 、 D23 、 D31 和 E31 48 h的致死率在90%以上。初步构效关系表明,苄胺苯环上氟原子单取代衍生物的杀虫活性优于氟原子双取代衍生物,其中以2-氟苄胺衍生物 ( D 系列) 杀虫活性较好;此外,酰基为2-噻吩甲酰时的杀虫活性明显优于其他取代基,表明酰基对该类化合物的杀虫活性也有显著影响。     

含三氟甲基异噁唑啉类化合物的合成及杀虫活性

以取代α-三氟甲基苯乙烯和取代的肉桂醛肟为原料,经过1,3-偶极环加成反应,合成了16个未见文献报道的含三氟甲基异噁唑啉结构的目标化合物,其结构经1H NMR和LC-MS确认。初步杀虫活性测试结果表明:在500 mg/L下,大部分目标化合物对斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura和粘虫Mythimna sepatara具有一定的杀虫活性,其中ZJ11对粘虫的致死率达100%,即使在100 mg/L下,其致死率仍达80%。     

新型七氟异丙基取代2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧-5-乙酰胺衍生物的合成与杀虫活性

为探索环境友好新型农药先导化合物,通过水相中酰胺缩合反应合成了16个未见文献报道的七氟异丙基苯基取代的2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧-5-乙酰胺类目标化合物。其结构通过核磁共振氢谱、氟谱以及高分辨质谱确认。初步生物活性测定表明,部分目标化合物对蚕豆蚜虫和粘虫表现出良好的杀虫活性,初步构效关系显示苯环上取代基的种类和位置在化合物的杀虫活性中起关键作用。     

新型七氟异丙基取代2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧-5-乙酰胺衍生物的合成与杀虫活性（英文）

为探索环境友好新型农药先导化合物,通过水相中酰胺缩合反应合成了16个未见文献报道的七氟异丙基苯基取代的2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧-5-乙酰胺类目标化合物。其结构通过核磁共振氢谱、氟谱以及高分辨质谱确认。初步生物活性测定表明,部分目标化合物对蚕豆蚜虫和粘虫表现出良好的杀虫活性,初步构效关系显示苯环上取代基的种类和位置在化合物的杀虫活性中起关键作用。     

嘧啶酮类衍生物的合成及杀虫活性

为了创制高效广谱的绿色杀虫剂,以(E)-4,5-二氢-6-甲基-4-(3-吡啶亚甲基氨基)-1,2,4-三嗪-3(2H)-酮(吡蚜酮)为先导,用带有不同电荷密度的五元、六元取代苯环或杂环取代其结构中的吡啶环部分,合成了10个全新的嘧啶酮类衍生物,特别对其中所包含的三嗪环和二氢喹唑啉酮合成部分进行了重点研究。所有目标化合物的结构均经过核磁共振氢谱、高分辨质谱及红外光谱的确认。初步杀虫活性测试结果表明,目标化合物对蚜虫Aphis craccivora未表现出明显的杀虫活性,初步暗示了先导化合物吡蚜酮结构中所含的吡啶环部分可能对其杀虫活性起了重要作用。     

含5-苯基2-呋喃环的3(2H)哒嗪酮类衍生物的合成与生物活性(I)(英文)

为探索新的农药先导化合物,经取代苯基呋喃甲酰氯与5-肼基-3(2H)哒嗪酮反应,得到15个未见文献报道的含呋喃环3(2H)哒嗪酮类化合物,其结构均通过了红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确认。初步生物活性测定结果表明,目标化合物具有良好的杀菌活性,但杀虫活性较弱。其中化合物3k在50 mg/L时对灰霉病菌的抑制率为86.29%±1.51%,与对照药剂腐霉利相当。初步的构效关系研究结果显示,苯环上取代基的种类和位置对杀菌活性有重要影响。     

2-溴代呋喃基或噻吩基-1,3-二噻烷衍生物的合成及杀虫活性

为寻找新的环境友好型杀虫剂,用溴代呋喃甲醛和溴代噻吩甲醛分别与2-取代1,3-丙二硫醇缩合,合成了16个未见文献报道的2-溴代呋喃基或噻吩基-1,3-二噻烷衍生物。其化学结构均通过1H NMR和元素分析或质谱的确认。初步的生物活性测试结果表明,该类化合物对桃蚜Myzus persicae表现出一定的杀虫活性,其中化合物 M11 在600 μg/mL下对桃蚜的校正死亡率为90％。     

细交链孢菌酮酸及其衍生物的合成与杀虫活性

为了寻找具有较高杀虫活性的特胺酸化合物，以天然活性产物细交链孢菌酮酸(TeA)作为先导化合物，利用酰基化米氏酸作为酰基化试剂，设计、合成了26个3-位不同酰基取代和5-位不同取代的含特胺酸骨架衍生物 4a~4s、5a~5g、7a 和 8a ，其中14个化合物未见文献报道，所有目标化合物的结构均经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和高分辨质谱确证。初步杀虫活性测定结果表明，在100 μg/mL下处理72 h内，所有目标化合物对麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae (Fabricius)均表现出良好的杀虫活性，并具有内吸性，其中化合物 5d 和 7a 48 h致死率为100%，高于对照药剂螺虫乙酯，具有作为先导化合物进一步研究的价值。对处理后的小麦植株进行残留量测定，结果表明目标化合物 4e、5c、7a 和 8a 能被植株较好的吸收 。 该研究结果可为进一步研究具有特胺酸骨架化合物的构效关系提供参考。     

N'-硝基缩氨基胍类化合物的合成及其杀虫活性

为寻找新的杀虫先导化合物,采用活性亚结构拼接法,将新烟碱类和缩氨脲类杀虫剂的活性结构单元组建到同一分子中,设计合成了25个N'-硝基缩氨基胍类目标化合物,其中22个为新化合物,其结构经核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确证。初步杀虫活性测定结果表明,在500 μg/mL剂量下,所有目标化合物对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)均具有一定的杀虫活性,其中化合物 3e和3i 的致死率达80%以上,但对粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)则基本无活性。     

含吡唑-4-甲酰胺的嗜球果伞素类化合物的设计、合成及杀虫活性

为了发现新的农用高活性化合物,将具有杀螨活性的嗜球果伞素类化合物与具有杀菌活性的吡唑酰胺类化合物的活性亚结构进行拼接,设计并合成了16个新化合物,通过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱等手段表征了其结构。生物活性测试结果表明,目标化合物虽然没有预期的杀螨和杀菌活性,但是表现出了良好的杀虫活性,其中8个化合物在500 mg/L下对黏虫Mythimna separata的杀虫活性为100%。     

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel derivatives of podophyllotoxin: Part XII

In order to find the biorational pesticides, eight novel 4β-substituted phenoxyaniline derivatives of podophyllotoxin have been synthesized with significant stereoselectivity and improved yields by employing the BF₃·Et₂O/NaI reagent system and evaluated for their antifeedant effect against 5th instar larvae of Pieris rapae and effect on the development of 5th instar larvae of P. rapae as well as for insecticidal activity against P. rapae. The antifeedant activities showed that these compounds exhibited less potent than podophyllotoxin. Though these derivatives showed less potent antifeedant activities than podophyllotoxin, they acted as growth development inhibitor to 5th instar larvae of P. rapae, which were found that the animals treated with podophyllotoxin and its derivatives showed moulting disturbances and/or deformities. Also, the insecticidal activity results show that all of these derivatives of PPT showed delayed insecticidal activity, which differs from traditional neurotoxic insecticides. Among them, compounds possessing a 4β-phenoxyaniline moiety substituted (CO₂C₂H₅, Cl and OH) at para position exhibited greater insecticidal activity against P. rapae than podophyllotoxin.     

取代苯甲醛肟羧酸酯的合成及生物活性研究(IV)——拟除虫菊酸4-二甲(乙)氨基苯甲醛肟酯的合成及生物活性

设计合成了 1 2个新拟除虫菊酸肟酯类化合物 ,并对其进行了生物活性测试 ,其中化合物 3e、3f对玉米螟致死活性最好 ,LC5 0 分别达 6.6～ 6.9mg/ L和 7.7～ 8.4mg/ L;化合物 3j对苹果轮纹病菌抑制率突出 ,50 mg/ L抑制率达 1 0 0 % ,1 mg/ L抑制率 50 %以上     

N -取代吡唑基-N ′,N ′-二取代甲脒的合成及生物活性研究

采用原甲酸三乙酯法合成了2 9 个吡唑脒类化合物, 化合物的结构均经1H NMR、IR 以及元素分析确认。讨论了反应条件对反应的影响; 并对部分化合物进行了生物活性测试, 结果表明该类化合物对水稻纹枯病菌具有很好的抑制活性。     

Quantitative structure-activity studies of pyrethroids: 12. Physicochemical substituent effects of meta-phenoxybenzyl α,α-disubstituted acetates on insecticidal activity

The insecticidal activity of a series of m-phenobenzyl esters of iso-valeric and tert-butylacetic acids, the α-position of which was substituted with one of alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxy, benzyl, phenyl, phenoxy, and anilino groups, was measured by injection into American cockroaches under synergistic conditions to suppress possible oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism. Their neuroexcitatory activity on nerve preparations excised from the cockroaches was measured by an extracellular recording technique. The activities of the analogous esters of cyclopropanecarboxylic acids with a substituted vinyl side chain were also measured. The insecticidal activity was quantitatively analyzed with physicochemical parameters for the α-substituent or its counterpart of the acid moiety. Variations in the activity were related parabolically to both the hydrophobicity and the length of the substituent. The activity of compounds, the α-substituent of which is either a substituted phenyl or a phenoxy group, was about 10 times that of compounds with “physicochemically equipvalent” aliphatic substituents. α-Substitution with ring-substituted anilino groups, but not with N-methyl groups, enhanced the activity about 25 times, but the vinylcyclopropane structure raised the activity to about 60 times that of physicochemically equivalent aliphatic noncyclopropane substituents. Variations in the insecticidal activity were closely related to those in the neuroexcitatory activity when hydrophobic and steric factors were separated. The steric factor in addition to the hydrophobicity seemed to be important in the transport process.     

Synthesis of novel derivatives of camptothecin as potential insecticides

In an attempt to find the biorational pesticides, a series of novel camptothecin derivatives were synthesized via a simple modification of the carbodiimide method using the combination of scandium triflate (Sc(OTf)₃) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and their structures were identified by IR, ESR, HRMS and ¹H NMR. Their antifeedant effect and insecticidal activity against third-instar larva of Mythimna separate were examined. The results of preliminary bioassays showed that these compounds exhibited less potent antifeedant activity than camptothecin. Also, all of these derivatives of camptothecin showed delayed insecticidal activity, which differs from traditional neurotoxic insecticides. The results suggested that 20-hydroxyl group in the camptothecin derivatives is essential to keep the insecticidal activity and nature of the substitutes has a major impact on insecticidal activity of these compounds.     

Binding activity of substituted benzyl derivatives of chloronicotinyl insecticides to housefly‐head membranes,and its relationship to insecticidal activity against the housefly Musca domestica

Variously substituted benzyl derivatives of chloronicotinyl insecticides were synthesized with a wide range of substituents including halogens, NO₂, CN, CF₃ and small alkyl and alkoxy groups at the ortho, meta and para positions, as well as multiple‐substituted benzyl analogues. Their binding activity to the α‐bungarotoxin binding site in housefly (Musca domestica) head membrane preparations was measured. Among the compounds tested, the activity of the meta‐CN derivative was the highest, being 20–100 times higher than those of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and nitenpyram. The synergized insecticidal activity against houseflies was also measured for selected compounds with the metabolic inhibitor, NIA16388 (propargyl propyl phenylphosphonate). For the nitromethylene analogues, including both benzyl and pyridylmethyl analogues, higher binding activity usually resulted in higher insecticidal activity. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

吡啶联三唑类衍生物的合成及杀虫活性

以3-氨基-2-氯吡啶(1)为起始原料,经重氮化、叠氮化、环合和酰氯化反应,生成1-(2-氯吡啶-3-基)-5-甲基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酰氯(5),(5)与取代苯胺反应,制得13个未见文献报道的吡啶联三唑类化合物,其结构通过 1H NMR和LC-MS表征。初步生物活性测定结果表明:在500 mg/L质量浓度下,所有目标化合物对粘虫 Mythimna separate 均有一定的杀虫活性,部分化合物致死率达100%;但在100 mg/L下,除化合物ZJ-7的致死率仍达100%外,其余化合物的活性明显降低,甚至无活性。     

Synthesis and structure-activity study of botanical aphicides 1,5-diphenyl-1-pentanone analogues

1,5-Diphenyl-1-pentanone (A) and 1,5-diphenyl-2-penten-1-one (B) are natural products extracted from Stellera chamaejasme. Laboratory bioassay revealed the two compounds showed strong insecticidal activity against Aphis gossypii Glov.The two compounds may represent a novel class of aphicides due to their shared distinctive structure of 1,5-diphenyl-1-pentanone. In the present study, 1,5-diphenyl-1-pentanone analogues were synthesized in an effort to examine their structure activity. Insecticidal activities of these compounds against A. gossypii Glov. were also evaluated.