3种芹菜茎组织总RNA提取方法的比较研究

[目的]为了获得质量较好的芹菜茎的总RNA,为后续分子生物学试验提供基础。[方法]试验对1种RNA提取方法(Trizol法)和2种RNA提取试剂盒(RNA prep Pure Plant Kit法、RNA simple Total RNA Kit法)方法进行比较研究。[结果]RNA prepPure Plant Kit方法得率低,且OD260/OD280值低于1.8,Trizol法OD260/OD230高于2.0,且得率低于RNA simple Total RNA kit法。只有RNA simple Total RNA kit法提取的RNA质量最好,得率最高。[结论]与Trizol法和RNA prep Pure Plant Kit法相比,RNA simple Total RNA Kit法提取的芹菜茎总RNA得率高,完整性好,凝胶电泳泳道无杂质,可以满足半定量RT-PCR的试验需要。     

黄瓜花叶病毒辣椒分离物侵染性克隆构建

 【目的】鉴定引起辣椒产生褪绿黄化症状的病原物,构建侵染性克隆。【方法】大田辣椒样品通过ELISA检测,结合病毒外壳蛋白SDS-PAGE及病毒RNA分析,初步确定辣椒中病原物为黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）Phy株系。以辣椒病毒粒子RNA为模板,采用含T7启动子的不同正向引物通过RT-PCR扩增CMV-Phy全长基因组RNA1、RNA2和RNA3。PCR产物经过双酶切后连接到pUC118载体,并分别比较5种（DH5α、HB101、JM109、LE392和NM522）感受态细胞的转化效率。体外转录CMV-Phy的基因组cDNA克隆（pUC-P1、pUC-P2和pUC-P3）成RNA分子（P1P2P3）,分析其转录效率和侵染活性。P1P2P3与CMV的卫星RNA进行假重组,进一步确定CMV-Phy侵染性克隆的成功构建。【结果】引起辣椒产生褪绿黄化症状病原物为CMV,携带卫星RNA;心叶烟接种辣椒病毒粒子后同样产生褪绿黄化症状。HB101感受态细胞最适合CMV-Phy基因组转化。CMV-Phy基因组及其卫星RNA的大小如下：RNA1为3 356 nt、RNA2为3 048 nt和RNA3为2 220 nt,卫星RNA Pz-satRNA为384 nt（序列登陆号分别为：DQ402477,DQ412731 ,DQ412732 EF363688）。CMV-Phy的cDNA克隆体外转录在5′端添加G有利于提高转录效率,但影响其侵染活性;P1P2P3在苋色藜和心叶烟产生的症状与其病毒粒子产生的症状相一致。除了Pz-satRNA,P1P2P3还能作为T1-satRNA、Rs-satRNA和Tsh-satRNA辅助病毒;T1-satRNA可加重CMV-Phy在心叶烟症状反应,而其它3个卫星RNA则对此起减弱作用。【结论】以病毒粒子RNA为模板,采用touch-up PCR扩增参数在1个反应管中同时获得CMV-Phy基因组RNA1、RNA2和RNA3;CMV-Phy RNA1、RNA2和RNA3的5′端添加1个G最有利于侵染性克隆构建。     

Small nuclear RNA U2 is base-paired to heterogeneous nuclear RNA

Eukaryotic cells contain a set of low molecular weight nuclear RNA's. One of the more abundant of these is termed U2 RNA. The possibility that U2 RNA is hydrogen-bonded to complementary sequences in other nuclear RNA's was investigated. Cultured human (HeLa) cells were treated with a psoralen derivative that cross-links RNA chains that are base-paired with one another. High molecular weight heterogeneous nuclear RNA was isolated under denaturing conditions, and the psoralen cross-links were reversed. Electrophoresis of the released RNA and hybridization with a human cloned U2 DNA probe revealed that U2 is hydrogen-bonded to complementary sequences in heterogeneous nuclear RNA in vivo. In contrast, U2 RNA is not base-paired with nucleolar RNA, which contains the precursors of ribosomal RNA. The results suggest that U2 RNA participates in messenger RNA processing in the nucleus.     

RNA二级结构预测及其在分子分类研究中的应用

文中通过比较RNA二级结构与一级结构和三维结构的差异,说明了RNA二级结构用于系统发育和分子分类研究的优点,并介绍了目前构建RNA二级结构的常用方法以及各种方法的优缺点,并对用于RNA二级结构折叠的软件作了简单介绍。最后从4个方面详细阐述了RNA二级结构在分子分类研究中的应用,即:RNA二级结构应用于分子分类研究的理论和方法;应用RNA二级结构分类与形态分类的区别;三种RNA二级结构在分子分类中的研究现状;RNA二级结构对序列信息的校正与补充。     

Cytokinin activity: localization in transfer RNA preparations

Transfer RNA from yeast, liver, and Escherichia coli has cytokinin activity in the tobacco callus bioassay, whereas ribosomal RNA from yeast is inactive. In contrast to fractions of yeast transfer RNA rich in serine acceptor and cytokinin activity, preparations (70 to 90 percent pure) of arginine transfer RNA(2), glycine transfer RNA, phenylalanine transfer RNA, and valine transfer RNA(1) and of highly purified alanine transfer RNA from yeast were inactive at concentrations of 20 to 2500 micrograms per liter. One molecule of 6-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallylamino) purine per 20 molecules of yeast tRNA would account for the observed cytokinin activity. The number of major molecular species contributing to cytokinin activity of transfer RNA, therefore, must be small.     

Specific interactions in RNA enzyme-substrate complexes

Analysis of crosslinked complexes of M1 RNA, the catalytic RNA subunit of ribonuclease P from Escherichia coli, and transfer RNA precursor substrates has led to the identification of regions in the enzyme and in the substrate that are in close physical proximity to each other. The nucleotide in M1 RNA, residue C92, which participates in a crosslink with the substrate was deleted and the resulting mutant M1 RNA was shown to cleave substrates lacking the 3' terminal CCAUCA sequence at sites several nucleotides away from the normal site of cleavage. The presence or absence of the 3' terminal CCAUCA sequence in transfer RNA precursor substrates markedly affects the way in which these substrates interact with the catalytic RNA in the enzyme-substrate complex. The contacts between wild-type M1 RNA and its substrate are in a region that resembles part of the transfer RNA "E" (exit) site in 23S ribosomal RNA. These data demonstrate that in RNA's with very different cellular functions, there are domains with similar structural and functional properties and that there is a nucleotide in M1 RNA that affects the site of cleavage by the enzyme.     

Induction and suppression of RNA silencing by an animal virus

RNA silencing is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism that is operational in plants and animals. Here, we show that flock house virus (FHV) is both an initiator and a target of RNA silencing in Drosophila host cells and that FHV infection requires suppression of RNA silencing by an FHV-encoded protein, B2. These findings establish RNA silencing as an adaptive antiviral defense in animal cells. B2 also inhibits RNA silencing in transgenic plants, providing evidence for a conserved RNA silencing pathway in the plant and animal kingdoms.     

A mammalian mitochondrial RNA processing activity contains nucleus-encoded RNA

Ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing, a site-specific endoribonuclease involved in primer RNA metabolism in mammalian mitochondria, requires an RNA component for its activity. On the basis of copurification and selective inactivation with complementary oligonucleotides, a 135-nucleotide RNA species, not encoded in the mitochondrial genome, is identified as the RNA moiety of the endoribonuclease. This finding implies transport of a nucleus-encoded RNA, essential for organelle DNA replication, to the mitochondrial matrix.     

Autolytic processing of dimeric plant virus satellite RNA

Associated with some plant viruses are small satellite RNA's that depend on the plant virus to provide protective coat protein and presumably at least some of the proteins necessary for satellite RNA replication. Multimeric forms of the satellite RNA of tobacco ringspot virus are probable in vivo precursors of the monomeric satellite RNA. Evidence is presented for the in vitro autolytic processing of dimeric and trimeric forms of this satellite RNA. The reaction generates biologically active monomeric satellite RNA, apparently is reversible to form dimeric RNA from monomeric RNA, and does not require an enzyme for its catalysis.     

苹果梨花芽分化期核酸代谢规律的研究

采用生化测定的方法对苹果梨花芽分化的核酸代谢进行了研究，结果表明：花芽生理分化期核酸总量高，RNA高于DNA，RNA／DNA比值高，其核酸代谢模式为：RNA双峰，第1峰大于第2峰，DNA单峰，在RNA双峰之间，RNA／DNA呈双峰，蜂值出现时间与RNA双峰相同，第1峰远大于第2峰；花芽形态分化过程中，RNA和DNA变化动态相似，一直处于较高水平且呈增加趋势，RNA高于DNA，雄蕊和紫蕊分化期含量最高，形态分化结束时降至最低。     

适于葡萄不同组织RNA提取方法的筛选

比较了CTAB法、改良CTAB法、Trizol法、SDS-苯酚法和改良SDS法5种RNA提取方法提取葡萄叶片、花序、茎尖、卷须和果实组织RNA的效果。并进一步从总RNA中分离出了高质量的低分子量RNA(LMWRNA),建立了葡萄LMWRNA提取的方法。改进后的改良SDS法能够克服果实中RNA提取难度大的问题,能够从果实中提取到质量和产量都很高的RNA。结果表明,改良SDS法适用于葡萄叶片、花序、茎尖、卷须组织中总RNA的提取,改进的改良SDS法是从果实中提得LMWRNA较佳选择。在总RNA提取的基础上建立的葡萄LMWRNA提取方法能够达到研究的要求。     

mCTAB-dLiCl法高效提取花生各组织部位RNA及其验证

[目的]探讨花生不同组织部位RNA提取方法,为开展花生分子生物学研究奠定基础.[方法]在CTAB法的基础上,设计一种改良的mCTAB-dLiC1法,其使用高质量体积分数的KAC除去组织中的多糖,使用两次10.0 mol/L的LiC1沉淀RNA,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA质量,核酸蛋白分析仪测定RNA纯度,并通过逆转录、RT-PCR和cDNA-SCoT验证其质量.[结果]采用mCTAB-dLiC1法的RNA产率为554.80 μg/g,RNA的A260/A280比率为1.89,RNA非变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳未出现可见的DNA条带;扩增的28S和18S条带比值为2∶1,且条带清晰无拖尾现象;提取的RNA通过逆转录、RT-PCR扩增和cDNA-SCoT扩增验证,均获得较好的扩增效果,获得的RNA和cDNA质量好.[结论]mCTAB-dLiCl RNA提取方法是一种高效提取花生各组织部位RNA的方法,可在花生分子生物学研究中应用.     

不同方法提取狗脊蕨叶片总RNA的比较分析

[目的]为构建狗脊蕨叶cDNA文库,保存珍贵基因资源,克隆和研究与有效成分合成相关的基因等提供技术参考。[方法]以狗脊蕨叶片为材料,采用CTAB法、一步法、酚-SDS法和RNA试剂盒提取分离法提取总RNA,通过比较分析确定最优方法。[结果]这4种方法都能提取出182、8 S的RNA,但CTAB法和试剂盒提取分离法的总RNA质量较高,CTAB法还提取出清晰的5S RNA。一步法和SDS法带型模糊,有降解现象。CTAB法提取的狗脊蕨叶片总RNA质量较好,28S1、8S和5S条带清晰,且无明显降解。CTAB提取法OD260/OD280的值在1.93~2.06,试验中其OD260/OD280值为2.012,接近2.0,纯度较高。一步法和SDS法OD260/OD280>2.0,试剂盒法OD260/OD280<2.0。[结论]CTAB法适合提取的狗脊蕨叶片总RNA,质量较好,可用于cDNA合成、文库构建等后续分子生物学试验。     

番木瓜果肉RNA提取方法的比较

为了从成熟末期的番木瓜果肉中提取纯净完整的RNA,本试验采用了TRIzol试剂盒、改良TRIzol、SDS法、CTAB法等4种方法从番木瓜果实中提取总RNA。从RNA的完整性、产率和纯度等方面对这几种方法进行比较和评价,结果表明,采用改良TRIzol所得RNA完整性较其他方法好,条带清晰无明显降解,28S和18S RNA的亮度比约为2∶1,D260/D280达1.9且得率较高,为380.5μg.g-1,经RT-PCR后得到一特异条带表明该RNA可用于后续分子生物学操作。     

Mitochondrial RNA synthesis during mitosis

HeLa cells arrested in metaphase synthesized relatively normal amounts of mitochondrial RNA, while little RNA synthesis associated with the nucleus was detected. The RNA synthesized resembled the portion of mitochondrial RNA sensitive to ethidium bromide in interphase cells, with major peaks at 21, 12, and 4S. Unlike that in interphase cells, RNA synthesis in the mitoclhonidrial fraction of mitotic cells was completely inhibited by ethidium bromide.     

黄瓜花叶病毒M株系全序列测定

在定向克隆和序列分析试验中,白肋烟(Nicotiana tabacumcv.white Burley)为繁殖寄主,根据美国NCBI核酸数据库中CMV基因组RNA1,RNA2和RNA3基因序列,共设计3对特异性引物。对3对特异性引物进行PCR扩增,分别得到3.3 kb的RNA1、3.0 kb的RNA2和2.2 kb的RNA3 PCR扩增产物。M-CMV基因组cDNA经过序列测定,3条链的长度分别为:M-CMVRNA1全长3 361 bp,分子量为111 kDa的1a蛋白;RNA2全长3 037 bp,含有两个分子量为96.7 kDa的2a蛋白和分子量为13.1 kDa的2b蛋白;RNA3全长2 215 bp,分别编码分子量为30.5 kDa的3a蛋白和分子量为24 kDa的外壳蛋白(cp)。这是继国内CMV-CD、CMV-CA全序列报道之后的首次M-CMV全序列分析,为以后采用基因突变、置换方法观察寄主的症状变化做了前期工作。     

Detergent-solubilized RNA polymerase from cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus

The foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA polymerase complex was dissociated from cellular membranes with deoxycholate in the presence of dextran sulfate. The soluble polymerase complex was active in the cell-free synthesis of virus-specific RNA; solubilization of the complex permitted direct analysis of the cell-free reaction mixtures without recourse to RNA extraction. A major RNA-containing component found early during cell-free incubation ranged from approximately 140 to 300S. The final major products of the cell-free system were 37S virus RNA, 20S ribonuclease-resistant RNA, and a 50S component containing RNA.