Chronic thyroiditis in the rabbit induced with homologous thyroid microsomes

Rabbits immunized with freshly isolated homologous thyroid microsomes in complete Freund's adjuvant developed a severe chronic thyroiditis with the concomitant production of antimicrosomal antibodies. The antibody response was measured by indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation, employing isolated microsomes as the antigen. Microsomes but not thyroglobulin absorbed out the immunologic activity of the rabbit serum.     

抗链霉素单克隆抗体的制备及其初步应用

【目的】筛选抗链霉素特异性单克隆抗体,并初步建立其竞争ELISA快速检测方法。【方法】用EDC方法将链霉素(SM)分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备完全抗原SM-BSA及SM-OVA,SM-OVA免疫BALB/c小鼠,经细胞融合后,SM-BSA包被酶标板,ELISA筛选阳性克隆,并经有限稀释单克隆化及亚型鉴定,所获阳性克隆注射BALB/c小鼠,制备单抗腹水,并进一步western-blot鉴定其特异性,并对其竞争ELISA检测方法进行优化。【结果】经有限稀释,获单克隆抗体7株,其中链霉素特异性单克隆抗体1株,对其竞争ELISA反应条件进行了优化。【结论】获抗链霉素单克隆抗体1株,并初步建立了其竞争ELLISA方法。     

H-2 antigen on cell membranes: an explanation for the alteration of distribution by indirect labeling techniques

The distribution of H-2 isoantigens on the plasma membrane of lymphocytes and thymocytes was studied with ferritin-conjugated alloantibody. The spatial arrangement of the membrane components which possess H-2 isoantigens is markedly altered by the attachment of a second antibody, directed toward mouse gamma globulin or ferritin; the second anitibody appears to cause the aggregation of the sensitized H-2 antigens into discrete zones on the cell membrane. Other membrane antigens may be equally affected by indirect labeling techniques and, thus, topographic analysis of the antigenic structure should be done with antibody that is directly conjugated.     

2种制备三聚氰胺酶标抗原方法的比较

[目的]对直接和间接法制备酶标记三聚氰胺抗原进行比较。[方法]2种方法均用辣根过氧化物酶和过碘酸钠法,但直接法是酶与三聚氰胺偶联,而间接法是用酶标记三聚氰胺与载体蛋白OVA的结合物。用上述方法分别制备了2种酶标抗原后,从酶活性、抗原性和效价方面对这2种酶标抗原做质量对比试验。[结果]间接法制备的HRP-OVA-MEL有抗原性,且效价达到1∶2 560以上,而直接法制备的HRP-MEL却没有抗原性,且效价较低。[结论]间接法制备的三聚氰胺酶标抗原的活性比直接法好。     

干扰素单克隆抗体的研究进展

多功能细胞因子干扰素（IFN）是生物细胞受到适量的干扰素诱生剂刺激后所产生的一类微量的、具有高度生物学活性的糖蛋白,具有广谱抗病毒、抗肿瘤、免疫调节及影响细胞分化等生物活性。与之相对应,抗IFN的单克隆抗体McAb作为一种重要的研究、检测IFN的手段,已被广泛应用于免疫机制研究、免疫功能检测、纯化IFN等领域。综述了各种IFN单克隆抗体、用途及其前景。     

Collagen synthesis: localization of prolyl hydroxylase in tendon cells detected with ferritin-labeled antibodies

An improved procedure was employed for linking ferritin to antibodies against prolyl hydroxylase, the enzyme that synthesizes the hydroxyproline in collagen. By electron microscopy, the enzyme was then found to be localized in cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of embryonic tendon cells; this indicates that hydroxylation of proline occurs while newly synthesized polypeptides are fed into the cisternae.     

莱克多巴胺单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

莱克多巴胺与牛血清白蛋白偶联,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞杂交,获得1株能稳定分泌莱克多巴胺单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,制备腹水,间接ELISA方法测定腹水抗体效价为1∶30 000。该抗体与莱克多巴胺的交叉反应率为100%,与克仑特罗的交叉反应率为0.01%。该单克隆抗体可用于对动物肉品或尿液中莱克多巴胺残留检测试剂盒或试纸条的开发。     

莱克多巴胺单克隆抗体的研制

莱克多巴胺(Ractopamine)与戊二酸酐、氯甲酸异丁酯反应后,与牛血清白蛋白偶联,免疫BALB/c小鼠,用杂交瘤技术获得2株稳定分泌抗莱克多巴胺单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并制备腹水,间接ELISA方法测定腹水抗体效价为1∶3.2×107。该抗体与克仑特罗交叉反应率为0.3%,体外传代培养和冻存复苏后抗体分泌稳定。获得的单克隆抗体可用于肉品中莱克多巴胺残留检测和莱克多巴胺残留检测试剂盒的开发。     

双抗夹心酶联免疫分析法检测食品中鸡蛋过敏原

[目的]建立食品中鸡蛋过敏原的酶联免疫检测方法。[方法]以卵白蛋白为检测对象,分别制备抗卵白蛋白的多克隆和单克隆抗体。将单克隆抗体作为包被抗体,辣根过氧化物酶标记多克隆抗体为二抗构建卵白蛋白的双抗夹心ELISA方法。[结果]该方法的IC50为260 ng/ml,检出限为10 ng/ml,样品的添加回收率为84.2%～89.8%,相对标准偏差小于10%。[结论]该试验建立的分析方法稳定可靠,能满足食品中鸡蛋过敏原准确、快速的检测需要。     

The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells

The human polyomavirus, JCV, causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised patients. We found that the serotonergic receptor 5HT2AR could act as the cellular receptor for JCV on human glial cells. The 5HT2A receptor antagonists inhibited JCV infection, and monoclonal antibodies directed at 5HT2A receptors blocked infection of glial cells by JCV, but not by SV40. Transfection of 5HT2A receptor-negative HeLa cells with a 5HT2A receptor rescued virus infection, and this infection was blocked by antibody to the 5HT2A receptor. A tagged 5HT2A receptor colocalized with labeled JCV in an endosomal compartment following internalization. Serotonin receptor antagonists may thus be useful in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.     

Antibody active sites and immunoglobulin molecules

In order to obtain detailed information about the relationship between structure and function in antibody molecules, a method called affinity labeling has been devised to attach chemical labels specifically to amino acid residues in the active sites of antibody molecules. With antibodies to three different haptens, highly specific labeling of the active sites has been achieved. Tyrosine residues on both heavy and light polypeptide chains have been labeled in a molar ratio close to 2:1, and labels on the two chains are equally specific to the active sites. Peptide fragmentation studies of the labeled chains of one antibody system have shown that: (i) within 25 amino acid residues of the labeled tyrosine on either chain, substantial chemical heterogeneity exists among different antibody molecules of the same specificity; and (ii) the labeled peptide fragments from both chains are very similar in physicochemical characteristics, including average size, heterogeneity, and unusual hydrophobicity. These experimental results have led us to the view that a particular region of the heavy chain and a particular region of the light chain are utilized to construct the active sites of the three different antibodies, differences in specificity arising from chemical perturbations in these two regions. Correlated structural studies of affinity-labeled antibodies and of the homogeneous light chains (Bence Jones proteins) and heavy chains produced in multiple myeloma may permit the identification of these special active-site regions. The view that active sites of different specificity are chemical perturbations of a particular region of the antibody molecule has a possible close analogue in enzyme systems, particularly among the esterases. The marked chemical similarities we have observed between the active site regions of heavy and light chains indicate to us that chemical homologies, but not identities, exist between the chains. This is reinforced by recently obtained amino acid sequence data which reveal homologies between the two chains near their carboxyl-terminals. These results indicate that the structural genes which code for the synthesis of heavy and light chains are related, presumably having arisen from some common ancestral gene during evolution. This conclusion strongly suggests that both heavy and light chains determine antibody specificity, and has important implications for the still-unknow mechanisms of antibody biosynthesis.     

Autologous red cell agglutination assay for HIV-1 antibodies: simplified test with whole blood

An antibody detection procedure based on agglutination of autologous red cells has been developed for samples of whole blood. A nonagglutinating monoclonal antibody to human red blood cells conjugated to a synthetic peptide antigen (in this case residues 579 to 601 of the HIV-1 envelope precursor, Arg-Ile-Leu-Ala-Val-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp- Gly-Cys - Ser-Gly-Lys) permitted the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 10 microliters of whole blood within 2 minutes. Agglutination was specifically inhibited by addition of synthetic peptide antigen but not by unrelated peptides. The frequency of false positive results was 0.1% with HIV-1 seronegative blood donors (n = 874). The false negative results were approximately 1% (n = 81). The autologous red cell agglutination test is potentially suitable for simple, rapid, qualitative screening for antibodies to a variety of antigens of medical and veterinary diagnostic significance.     

标记抗体染色法检查布氏杆菌的研究

为了建立一种快速、简便、敏感、特异地检测动物病理材料中布氏杆菌的方法,选用四种标记抗体法,对5种共15个生物型的布氏杆菌,以及大量与流产有关或常常污染病理材料的对照细菌,分别进行了纯菌、感染实验动物及牦牛组织材料的染色检查,并与柯氏染色法及细菌分离培养法进行了比较。结果表明,四种方法对于各种材料中的布氏杆菌(粗糙型犬布氏菌除外)均呈阳性反应,而绝大多数对照菌均呈阴性反应。其中尤以SPA法染色背景更为清晰,非特异性反应更少。这些方法既简便、快速,检出率也较高。对于布氏杆菌病的诊断和疫情监测,是很有价值的。     

Altered response to pneumococcal polysaccharide in offspring of immunologically paralyzed mice

The dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide type III required to induce immunologic paralysis in newborn offspring of immunologically paralyzed mice was one-tenth of the corresponding paralyzing dose for newborn offspring of normal mice. Similarly, immunization of the offsprinig of the paralyzed mice was accomplished with one-tenth the dose of polysaccharide necessary to immunize normal newborn mice. The altered susceptibility of newborn mice from paralyzed mothers to the induction of both paralysis and immunity was predicted from theories of antibody formation which postulate that the induction of tolerance or immunity is controlled by the concentration of natural antibodies specific for the antigen used.     

抗仙台病毒单克隆抗体在诊断上的应用

本文应用辣根过氧化物酶标记抗仙台病毒的单克隆抗体,建立了抗体夹心法检测小鼠体内仙台病毒抗体的方法,与间接 ELISA 进行比较,检出率提高6%左右,敏感度提高四倍以上。样本结果的变异系数小于10%,重复性良好。直接用酶标记单克隆抗体有简便、廉价、生物活性高等优点。     

转Bt抗虫基因植物中杀虫蛋白的酶联免疫检测技术研究Ⅲ.酶联免疫(ELISA)间接法检测Bt杀虫蛋白研究

采用ELISA间接检测法,研究了2种酶标羊抗兔抗体(辣根过氧化物酶与碱性磷酸酶)和2种检测载体(聚苯乙烯多孔板和硝酸纤维膜)对检测灵敏度和样本检测效果的影响。结果表明,在采用纯的杀虫晶体蛋白进行灵敏度检测时,2种酶标抗体的测定结果非常相近,无明显差别,灵敏度可达7·8~15·6ng。但在检测植物样本时,不同酶标抗体则存在差异。表现为碱性磷酸酶标记的抗体优于辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗体。这主要是由于植物样本中有内源过氧化物酶所致。用硝酸纤维素膜和聚苯乙烯多孔板作载体进行检测纯的Bt杀虫蛋白的效果二者相当。但检测植物样本时,植物中的叶绿素对Dot-ELISA的干扰很大,准确性差。本研究所制备的Bt杀虫蛋白抗体具有高的特异性。     

单克隆抗体夹心ELISA试验检测鸡新城疫病毒抗原的研究

从10株抗鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)特异性单克隆抗体(MAbs) 中筛选出2株MAbs—M22和F23,分别用作包被抗体和酶标抗体而建立的MAbs—夹心ELISA试验,对提纯NDV的最小检出量为25ng/ml病毒蛋白.NDV鸡阳性血清对本试验的特异性阻断作用和与其他禽类病毒交叉反应的阴性结果,证明本试验对NDV的特异性。从临床疑为鸡新城疫的724只病鸡的口腔棉试样品中共检出阳性502只,其中200个样品与病毒分离试验结果完全一致,两者均查出阳性鸡176只。     

Morphine-3-succinyl--bovine serum albumin: an immunogenic hapten-protein conjugate

Morphine-3-hemisuccinate was synthesized by reaction of morphine with succinic anhydride. This compound was conjugated to bovine serum albumin by the mixed anhydride method, and the degree of conjugation was determined by base hydrolysis of the conjugate, extraction, and measurement of free morphine. An average of 6.5 molecules of morphine were conjugated to each molecule of protein. Eleven rabbits immunized with varying doses of the conjugate were producing antibody 8 weeks later, as determined by a modification of the ammonium sulfate method, which measures primary binding of antigen by antibody.     

Virus persists in beta cells of islets of Langerhans and is associated with chemical manifestations of diabetes

Molecular hybridization, monoclonal antibody, and electron microscopic analyses showed lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (strains Armstrong and WE) persistently infecting cells of the islets of Langerhans in BALB/WEHI mice. When monoclonal or monospecific antibody conjugated with two different fluorochrome dyes was used to mark insulin-containing beta cells or viral antigens, viral nucleoprotein was identified predominantly in beta cells. Electron microscopy confirmed these findings by showing virions budding from the beta cells. Persistent infection was associated with chemical evidence of diabetes (hyperglycemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, and normal or low-normal concentrations of insulin). Concentrations of cortisol and insulin-like growth factor in blood were normal, as was the level of growth hormone in the pituitary gland. The virus-infected islet cells showed normal anatomy and cytomorphology. Neither cell lysis nor inflammatory infiltrates were routinely seen. Thus a virus may persistently infect islet cells and provide a biochemical and morphological picture comparable to that of early adult-onset diabetes mellitus in humans.     

基于I-FABP的鲫肠道通透性检测方法的建立

肠道通透性与肠道稳态及个体健康状况直接相关，目前尚缺乏鱼类肠道通透性的定量评价方法及试剂。血清中肠脂肪酸结合蛋白（intestinal fatty acid binding protein，I-FABP）是肠道通透性的重要血清生物学指标，可用于肠道通透性的定量评价。为建立鲫（Carassius auratus）血清I-FABP的定量检测方法，克隆了鲫I-FABP基因，经原核表达和纯化，并利用重组蛋白分别免疫新西兰白兔（New Zealand white rabbit）及小鼠（Mus musculus），制备了兔源及鼠源多克隆抗体，其效价均为1∶80 000。以纯化的兔源多克隆抗体作为包被蛋白，以辣根过氧化物酶（horseradish peroxidase，HRP）标记的鼠源多克隆抗体作为酶标抗体，通过优化各反应条件建立了基于鲫I-FABP的双抗体夹心酶联免疫检测方法（double antibody sandwich ELISA，DAS-ELISA）。标准曲线的线性回归方程为y=0.003 5x+0.036 7，拟合度较高R²为 0.999 1，临界值为0.090 6。批内及批间变异系数分别为1.17%～5.50%及0.16%～4.78%，具有较好的重复性。以该方法对54份样品进行检测，与商业化试剂盒对比，符合率为100%。构建的DAS-ELISA检测方法可用于鲫肠道通透性的定量评估。鉴于鱼类I-FABP的保守性，该方法或可用于其他鱼类肠道通透性的定量评价。