山羊胚胎发育阶段与胚胎移植妊娠率关系

本试验在子宫角回收集波尔山羊胚胎,并对胚胎发育阶段与受体移植妊娠率的关系进行分析。结果表明,在相同时间采集不同发育阶段的胚胎对移植妊娠率有影响,其中桑葚胚妊娠率(A级69.6%、B级66.4%)高于囊胚(A级61.1%、B级57.3%)。     

猪胚胎宫内迁移时间及分布研究

[目的]研究猪胚胎迁移时间及改变胚胎数量对猪胚胎迁移和分布率的影响。[方法]观察分别切除一侧输卵管和切除一侧卵巢的母猪胚胎在子宫内的迁移时间及分布情况,在母猪妊娠的第67,,8,9,101,11,2,13和15天检查子宫。[结果]胚胎可从一侧输卵管进入另一侧子宫角,在妊娠第89、天出现胚胎首次从一侧子宫角移动到另一角的现象,胚胎在第15天占据整个子宫,胚胎的移动速度和胚胎分布不受胚胎数量、黄体或子宫长度的影响,子宫长度在第6天和第15天没有差别。[结论]猪体内发育的胚胎在子宫内的第8～15天发生迁移;切除一侧输卵管或卵巢对胚胎生长和迁移没有影响。     

波尔山羊批量胚胎移植莎能奶山羊

采用阴道栓 FSH超数排卵,经产供体波尔山羊22只,在放栓后第9～11天,连续4d递减量肌肉注射FSH。22只供体羊发情与纯种波尔山羊种公羊配种后第7天,手术回收输卵管中早期发育胚胎再经手术移入同期发情的受体奶山羊输卵管内妊娠产仔。结果表明:1获得373枚早期胚胎,其中A级胚胎占31.1%(85/273),B级胚胎占49.5%(135/273),异常胚胎占19.4%(53/273)。2将167枚7日龄可用胚胎(A级和B级)移植147只受体羊输卵管内,移植后35d,妊娠98只,妊娠率为67%(98/147),83只羊足月产羔为89只,产羔率为85%(89/98),20只受体移植了两枚胚胎,只有6只产双羔。3羔羊出生重平均为3.7±0.54kg。每只供体羊平均产羔4.05只。胚胎移植所得羔羊的初生重与自然繁殖波尔羔羊无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验证明,山羊胚胎移植计划可使良种群体繁殖率提高3～5倍,优秀个体繁殖力提高6～8倍,从而加快纯种山羊的繁殖。     

山羊胚胎质量与胚胎移植妊娠率关系

本试验用子宫角回收法采集波尔山羊胚胎,对胚胎质量与受体移植妊娠率的关系进行分析。结果表明,胚胎质量是影响胚胎移植成功率的主要因素,妊娠率随胚胎等级降低而下降。移植单胚,A级胚胎妊娠率达71.0%,B级为65.8%,而C级仅为29.2%。     

科苑荟萃

云南水牛的同期发情、超数排卵和胚胎移植试验；无角道塞特绵羊超数排卵技术研究；胚胎移植技术在云南半细毛羊上的应用研究；受体品种、体重及移植季节对杜泊羊胚胎妊娠率和新生羔羊体重的影响；波尔山羊胚胎徒手分割试验；波尔山羊胚胎回收和移植器械研制与应用；OPS法玻璃化冷冻绵羊胚胎的移植效果观察；影响绵羊、山羊超数排卵及胚胎移植效果因素分析；安胎散提高羊胚胎移植受胎率及其机理的研究；[编者按]     

采胚方法对波尔山羊胚胎移植效果的影响

采用2种采胚方法研究了64只波尔山羊的胚胎移植效果。结果表明:输卵管采胚法的胚胎回收率极显著高于(P<0.01)子宫角采胚法,且前者的获胚数与可用胚数均显著高于(P<0.05)后者,而两者的黄体数则差异不显著(P>0.05),说明采用输卵管采胚法所采集的胚胎数量与质量均优于子宫角采胚法;而子宫角移胚法的受体妊娠率及产羔率均极显著高于(P<0.01)输卵管移胚法。试验还表明,输卵管采胚法对处理供体术后的发情率有一定的不良影响,故在山羊胚胎移植中应优先采用子宫角采胚法回收胚胎。     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

Pregnancies Resulting from Transgenic Embryos with Human Lactoferrin Gene Produced by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

FSH剂量、受体品种及移植胚胎数对崇明白山羊胚胎移植效率的影响

为提高崇明白山羊的繁殖效率,用促卵泡素（Follicle-Stimulating Hormone,FSH）对崇明白山羊进行超数排卵,回收2～4细胞期胚胎移植至同期发情受体的输卵管,跟踪受体妊娠和产羔结果,比较不同FSH剂量时的超排结果,比较受体品种和移植胚胎数对妊娠率和产羔率的影响。试验结果为：（1）对于体重在20～30 kg的崇明白山羊,FSH的最佳超排剂量为240 U,每头次超排平均可获得可用胚胎10.06枚。（2）每只受体均移植2枚胚胎时,徐淮山羊的早期妊娠率为56.44%（57/101）,高于崇波杂交羊组（崇明羊与波尔羊的杂交后代）47.62%（10/21）和徐波杂交羊组（徐淮羊与波尔羊的杂交后代）46.93%（23/49）,但各组间早期妊娠率差异均不显著。（3）移植4枚胚胎时,妊娠率为60.00%（12/20）、产羔率为1.75,均高于移植2枚胚胎组的52.82%（75/142）和1.30。而移植4枚时胚胎的得羔率为26.25%（21/80）,低于移植2枚胚胎组的33.25%（141/424）。这表明,移植4枚胚胎可以提高受体妊娠率和产羔率,但降低了胚胎利用率。     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn’t be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

胚胎移植方法和受体母猪因素对克隆猪生产效率的影响

【目的】建立高效的胚胎移植技术体系,以提高克隆猪的生产效率。【方法】比较不同移植方法和不同受体母猪状况的胚胎移植分娩率和克隆猪的出生效率,利用体外发育能力相似的不同品种和发育阶段的克隆胚胎混合移植确定最佳的受体母猪发情同期时间。【结果】克隆胚胎经由输卵管伞移植比输卵管打孔移植具有更高的移植分娩率和克隆猪效率（2.2% 和0.4%,P＜0.01）,而胚胎移植后辅助人工授精会降低克隆效率（0.6% 和 2.2%,P＜0.01）。利用经产母猪作为移植受体比青年猪受体具有更高的克隆效率（3.0%和0.8%,P＜0.01）和平均窝产仔数（（5.5±0.7）头和（2.7±0.3）头,P＜0.05）。受体母猪发情时间比胚胎激活时间晚12-36 h组的克隆效率分别为显著（P＜0.05）和极显著（P＜0.01）,高于晚0 h和早12-24 h 组的克隆效率（2.0%、0.5%和0%）。最佳的受体母猪发情时间为晚于克隆胚胎激活后24 h,克隆效率达3.0%。【结论】选择自然发情时间晚于克隆胚激活后24 h的经产母猪为受体,通过输卵管伞端移植胚胎,能够获得较高的克隆效率,是猪克隆胚胎移植的较理想方法。     

陕北白绒山羊种公羊的体细胞克隆

【目的】利用体细胞核移植技术克隆陕北白绒山羊优秀种公羊个体。【方法】以特别优秀成年陕北白绒山羊种公羊耳部皮肤成纤维细胞为供体细胞,体外培养成熟的陕北白绒山羊卵母细胞作为受体,利用显微操作方法对成熟卵母细胞进行去核操作,然后将供体细胞注射到其卵周隙内,经电融合将其导入去核卵母细胞内形成核移植重组胚。利用钙离子载体Ionomycine联合蛋白酶抑制剂6甲基氨基嘌呤（6-DMAP）对核移植重组胚进行激活处理,挑选激活后完整的胚胎继续进行体外培养,然后在2～16细胞期时将克隆胚胎移植到相应的同期发情受体母羊体内,利用PCRRFLP技术鉴定克隆羊。【结果】构建了体细胞核移植胚胎253枚,重组胚胎的融合率为71.54%(181/253),体外培养后的卵裂率为68.33%（123/180）,囊胚发育率为25.20%（31/123）;在此基础上,构建了537枚克隆胚,将其中卵裂的359枚分别移植到32只代孕母羊体内,移植60 d后,有2只受体母羊确认妊娠,最终1只受体母羊妊娠第4月流产出2只死羔;另1只受体母羊维持到期并顺产体细胞克隆羊1只。经遗传学鉴定,2只流产羊羔与1只存活个体均为体细胞核移植后代。【结论】获得陕北白绒山羊克隆个体,建立了相对完善的陕北白绒山羊克隆技术体系。     

Laparoscopic Embryo Transfer in Pigs：Knowledge for Surgical Procedures

The objective of the study was to describe and improve a technique for laparoscopic embryo transfer into the oviduct and uterine horns of pigs and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this method. Fourteen female pigs were randomly allocated into groups A and B: three portals were used for group A, and the simulation of embryo (0.9% NaCl, 0.2 mL) was injected into the tip of uterine horn; three or four portals were used for group B, and the injection set of the oviduct was inserted through the abdominal orifice of uterine tube into the oviduct to inject the simulation of embryo. The repeat laparoscopy was performed on the 21st day. Three pigs randomly selected from each groups were repeated the same procedure three times, and then were euthanized on the 21st day after the last surgery and a complete necropsy performed. Laparoscopic embryo transfer was performed successfully in all pigs without major intra-and post-operative complications. The average surgical time which accomplished procedures for groups A and B was 18.6 min (range, 28-14 min) and 37.4 min (range, 53-29 min). Postoperatively, none of pigs appeared to abnormal signs. This study demonstrated that laparoscopic embryo transfer could be easily accomplished by using the special-purpose equipment and increasing reuse time of a female recipient.     

无角道塞特羊胚胎移植技术研究

(1)超排处理无角道塞特绵羊163只,育成羊(76只)只均回收胚胎5.53枚,可用胚3.91枚,经产母羊(87只)只均回收胚胎7.55枚,可用胚6.34枚。经产羊平均回收胚胎总数高于育成羊(P<0.05)。春季和秋季之间超排效果差异不明显。重复超排羊和非重复超排羊之间平均回收胚胎总数和可用胚胎数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)共处理受体876只,春季和秋季受体的同期发情率分别为56.37%和89.02%,发情受体利用率分别为84.67%和88.77%。(3)移植受体545只,妊娠318只,产羔396只,受体移植妊娠率为58.35%,移植胚胎成羔率为57.47%,在移植受体中,小尾寒羊的妊娠率最高为61.2%,同羊和内蒙细毛羊分别为54.62%和56.58%,受体品种之间移植妊娠率差异不显著(P>0.05)。受体黄体数对移植妊娠率及胚胎成羔率有一定的影响。胚胎的发育阶段对移植妊娠率也有影响,移植囊胚受体妊娠率最高为64.76%,明显高于早期桑椹胚移植妊娠率42.86%(P<0.05)。胚胎成羔率从桑椹胚到囊胚差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

兔胚胎移植影响因素研究

【目的】探讨分析兔胚胎移植的影响因素,为提高兔胚胎移植效率及生产转基因兔奠定基础。【方法】采集获得的交配胚胎经体外培养后,按单只受体移植胚胎数、受体类型（经产母兔与青年母兔）、受体同期发情方式随机分组,对比观察胚胎移植后受体母兔的妊娠情况。【结果】单只受体兔每次移植10～20枚和20～30枚胚胎获得的妊娠率分别为23．1％和20．0％,二者差异不显著（P〉0．05）;采用经产母兔为受体可获得显著高于青年母兔的妊娠率（27．8％vs13．3％,P〈0．05）;以自然同期发情为受体母兔胚胎移植后获得的妊娠率显著高于诱导同期发情的受体母兔（30．7％vs10．0％,P〈0．05）。【结论】兔胚胎移植时选择自然发情的经产母兔作为受体能获得较好的胚胎移植效果,单只受体移植胚胎数以控制在10-30枚为宜。